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Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Cloud Optical Thickness (COT), Level 3 – Global

This product displays the Cloud Optical Thickness (COT) around the globe. Clouds play a crucial role in the Earth's climate system and have significant effects on trace gas retrievals. The cloud optical thickness is retrieved from the O2-A band using the ROCINN algorithm. The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4). Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.

Elektronische Navigationskarten für Binnenschifffahrtsstraßen (IENC / Inland-ENCs)

Die IENC sind Elektronische Navigationskarten für Binnenschifffahrtsstraßen. Sie werden in Deutschland für die Wasserstraßen- und Schifffahrtsverwaltung des Bundes (WSV) von der Fachstelle für Geodäsie und Geoinformatik der WSV (FGeoWSV) hergestellt, herausgegeben und kostenfrei zur Verfügung gestellt.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Surface Nitrogendioxide (NO2), Level 4 – Regional (Germany and neighboring countries)

The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product displays the Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) near surface concentration for Germany and neighboring countries as derived from the POLYPHEMUS/DLR air quality model. Surface NO2 is mainly generated by anthropogenic sources, e.g. transport and industry. POLYPHEMUS/DLR is a state-of-the-art air quality model taking into consideration - meteorological conditions, - photochemistry, - anthropogenic and natural (biogenic) emissions, - TROPOMI NO2 observations for data assimilation. This Level 4 air quality product (surface NO2 at 15:00 UTC) is based on innovative algorithms, processors, data assimilation schemes and operational processing and dissemination chain developed in the framework of the INPULS project. The DLR project INPULS develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI - Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Level 3 - Global

Aerosol optical depth (AOD) as derived from TROPOMI observations. AOD describes the attenuation of the transmitted radiant power by the absence of aerosols. Attenuation can be caused by absorption and/or scattering. AOD is the primary parameter to evaluate the impact of aerosols on weather and climate. Daily AOD observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Ozone (O3), Level 3 – Global

Ozone vertical column density in Dobson Units as derived from Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI observations. The stratospheric ozone layer protects the biosphere from harmful solar ultraviolet radiation. Ozone in troposphere can pose risks to the health of humans, animals, and vegetation. The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4). Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Cloud Fraction (CF), Level 3 – Global

Global Cloud Fraction (CF). Clouds play a crucial role in the Earth's climate system and have significant effects on trace gas retrievals. The radiometric cloud fraction is retrieved from the UV using the OCRA algorithm. Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4). Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.

Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 527: Bereich Infrastruktur - International Ocean Discovery Program, Teilprojekt: Spätpliozen Diatomeenproduktivität in der westlichen Bai von Bengalen: Effekt von Variabilität des Indischen Monsuns und Telekonnektionen

Hauptziel dieses Forschungsverfahren ist die Untersuchung der kieselige Paläoproduktivität in der Bai von Bengalen (Site U1445, ca. 18 Grad N, 84 Grad E) und deren Zusammenhang mit klimatischen, biogeochemischen und hydrographischen Ereignissen, die während dem Spätpliozän geschehen sind. Die Untersuchung der langfristige und die abrupte Schwankungen der Artenzusammensetzung der Diatomeengesellschaft, des Opal und TOC Gehalts und des diatomeenbasierten Isotopensignals, die in dem Zeitraum ca. 3,5 bis 2,5 Myr zu beobachten sind, stehen möglicherweise im Zusammenhang mit der Entwicklung der Klimageschichte des Indischen Monsuns und dem Wechsel zwischen kieseligen und kalkigen Primärproduzenten. Dazu liefern die am Site U1445 erhaltenen diatomeenreichen Sedimente hochauflösende Information über klimatische Geschehnisse und deuten auf herausragende tausendjährige und unter-tausendjährige Schwankungen der ozeanographische Bedingungen im westlichen Indischen Ozean hin. Dieses Forschungsverfahren wird Information über die Phasenregelung der ozeanographische Schwankungen in dem äquatorialem Indischen Ozean beitragen, die von zentraler Bedeutung für unsere Auffassung der Mechanismen hintern des globalen Klimaänderungen sind.

Aktuelle Studienergebnisse zu Geruchsprüfungen bei Bauprodukten

<p>Aus Bauprodukten können flüchtige organische Substanzen (VOC) ausgasen. Diese können, ebenso wie dadurch verursachte Gerüche, dem Wohlbefinden der Raumnutzenden schaden. Unangenehme Gerüche können auch zu vermehrtem Lüften und somit zu höherem Energieverbrauch führen. Der Blaue Engel zeichnet emissions- und geruchsarme Produkte aus. Zu Bodenbelägen gibt es diesbezüglich neue Forschungsergebnisse.</p><p>Gerüche in Innenräumen können belästigend wirken und das Wohlbefinden sowie die Gesundheit beeinflussen. Hauptziel der Untersuchungen im jetzt abgeschlossenen Forschungsvorhaben war es zu prüfen, ob die Vergabekriterien des Umweltzeichens Blauer Engel für die Produktgruppen „Elastische Bodenbeläge“ (DE-UZ 120) und „Emissionsarme Bodenbeläge, Paneele und Türen aus Holz und Holzwerkstoffen für Innenräume“ (DE-UZ 176) um geruchsrelevante Aspekte ergänzt werden können. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen zeigen, dass es möglich ist, Anforderungen an den Geruch der Produkte zu stellen.</p><p>Ferner wurde untersucht und gezeigt, dass die bislang vorläufig festgelegte Schwelle einer empfundenen Intensität von 7 pi für die Zulassung von Bauprodukten gemäß Schema des Ausschusses zur gesundheitlichen Bewertung von Bauprodukten (AgBB) und beim Blauen Engel grundsätzlich als Bewertungsmaßstab geeignet ist.</p><p>Die Einhaltung konstanter Bedingungen für die Temperatur und die relative Feuchte bei den Messungen sind von großer Bedeutung, da diese Einfluss auf die Messergebnisse haben. Es wurden Untersuchungen bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen und abweichender relativer Luftfeuchte, die mit einer eigens dafür gebauten kleinen raumlufttechnischen Anlage eingestellt werden konnten, durchgeführt. Die <a href="https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/geruchs-emissionsarme-produkte-fuer-eine-gesunde">Ergebnisse</a> belegen, dass die Einhaltung konstanter Prüfbedingungen wichtig ist und zeigen deren Einfluss auf die Geruchswahrnehmung.</p><p>Im Vorhaben wurde gezeigt, dass holzbasierte Produkte teilweise trotz hoher Geruchsintensität eine neutrale bis positive Hedonik (Wahrnehmung/Bewertung) zeigen, was für Bauprodukte untypisch ist. Die Zusammenhänge zwischen Intensität, Hedonik und Zumutbarkeit werden in den nächsten drei Jahren in einem Folgeprojekt weiter untersucht.</p>

World Settlement Footprint (WSF) 3D - Building Height - Global, 90m

The World Settlement Footprint (WSF) 3D provides detailed quantification of the average height, total volume, total area and the fraction of buildings at 90 m resolution at a global scale. It is generated using a modified version of the World Settlement Footprint human settlements mask derived from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery in combination with digital elevation data and radar imagery collected by the TanDEM-X mission. The framework includes three basic workflows: i) the estimation of the mean building height based on an analysis of height differences along potential building edges, ii) the determination of building fraction and total building area within each 90 m cell, and iii) the combination of the height information and building area in order to determine the average height and total built-up volume at 90 m gridding. In addition, global height information on skyscrapers and high-rise buildings provided by the Emporis database is integrated into the processing framework, to improve the WSF 3D Building Height and subsequently the Building Volume Layer. A comprehensive validation campaign has been performed to assess the accuracy of the dataset quantitatively by using VHR 3D building models from 19 globally distributed regions (~86,000 km2) as reference data. The WSF 3D standard layers are provided in the format of Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW)-compressed GeoTiff files, with each file - or image tile - covering an area of 1 x 1 ° geographical lat/lon at a geometric resolution of 2.8 arcsec (~ 90 m at the equator). Following the system established by the TDX-DEM mission, the latitude resolution is decreased in multiple steps when moving towards the poles to compensate for the reduced circumference of the Earth.

World Settlement Footprint (WSF) 3D - Building Fraction - Global, 90m

The World Settlement Footprint (WSF) 3D provides detailed quantification of the average height, total volume, total area and the fraction of buildings at 90 m resolution at a global scale. It is generated using a modified version of the World Settlement Footprint human settlements mask derived from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery in combination with digital elevation data and radar imagery collected by the TanDEM-X mission. The framework includes three basic workflows: i) the estimation of the mean building height based on an analysis of height differences along potential building edges, ii) the determination of building fraction and total building area within each 90 m cell, and iii) the combination of the height information and building area in order to determine the average height and total built-up volume at 90 m gridding. In addition, global height information on skyscrapers and high-rise buildings provided by the Emporis database is integrated into the processing framework, to improve the WSF 3D Building Height and subsequently the Building Volume Layer. A comprehensive validation campaign has been performed to assess the accuracy of the dataset quantitatively by using VHR 3D building models from 19 globally distributed regions (~86,000 km2) as reference data. The WSF 3D standard layers are provided in the format of Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW)-compressed GeoTiff files, with each file - or image tile - covering an area of 1 x 1 ° geographical lat/lon at a geometric resolution of 2.8 arcsec (~ 90 m at the equator). Following the system established by the TDX-DEM mission, the latitude resolution is decreased in multiple steps when moving towards the poles to compensate for the reduced circumference of the Earth.

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