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Smarte Pull-Logistik und -Wiederverwendung von Elektro- und Elektronikaltgeräten durch frühe und KI-basierte Zustandserkennung, optimale Entsorgungsentscheidung und ressourcenschonende Stückgut-Logistik, Teilvorhaben: Endnutzer Use Cases zu Kleingeräten z.B. Kaffeemaschinen

SWIM Water Extent - Sentinel-1/2 - Daily

SWIM Water Extent is a global surface water product at 10 m pixel spacing based on Sentinel-1/2 data. The collection contains binary layers indicating open surface water for each Sentinel-1/2 scene. Clouds and cloud shadows are removed using ukis-csmask (see: https://github.com/dlr-eoc/ukis-csmask ) and are represented as NoData. The water extent extraction is based on convolutional neural networks (CNN). For further information, please see the following publications: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.05.022 and https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11192330

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Cloud-Top Height (CTH), Level 3 – Global

Global Cloud-Top Height (CTH) as derived from the Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI instrument. Clouds play a crucial role in the Earth's climate system and have significant effects on trace gas retrievals. The cloud-top height is retrieved from the O2-A band using the ROCINN algorithm. Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4). Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Ultraviolet Index (UVI), Level 3 – Global

UV Index (UVI) as derived from TROPOMI observations. The UVI describes the intensity of the solar ultraviolet radiation. Values around zero indicate low, values greater than 10 indicate very high UV exposure on the ground. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Insektenschutz bei der Anwendung von Tierarzneimitteln: Management zum Erhalt der Dungfaunadiversität auf Weideflächen

Antiparasitika zur Anwendung bei Weidetieren gehören zu den Tierarzneimitteln mit der höchsten Toxizität für die Umwelt. Naturgemäß ist besonders die Diversität dungassoziierter Insekten betroffen. Auf EU-Ebene werden verschiedene Risikominderungsmaßnahmen (RMM) zur Reduzierung der Umweltrisiken vorgeschlagen. Die praktische Wirksamkeit dieser Maßnahmen hinsichtlich des Erhaltes der Insekten-Diversität wurde bisher systematisch nicht bewiesen. Ziel des Vorhabens ist, die Grundlagen hierfür zu erarbeiten, um geeignete Maßnahmen zum Schutz der Insekten zielgerichtet und erfolgreich anwenden zu können. Im ersten Teil des Vorhabens soll erarbeitet werden, welche RMM zur Verfügung stehen und anhand welcher ökologischer und populations-systematischer Kennwerte die Kontrolle eines möglichen Erfolges hinsichtlich Biodiversität und Populationserhalt bei den relevanten Insekten untersucht werden kann. Im zweiten Teil des Vorhabens sollen Freilandversuche geplant und durchgeführt werden. Es sollen unbelastete Vergleichsweiden und stark behandelte Flächen hinsichtlich Diversität der Dungfauna untersucht werden und in nachfolgenden Jahren die Auswirkungen durchgeführter RMM auf den behandelten Flächen erfasst werden. Dabei soll sich auf die klimatisch gemäßigten Bereiche Europas bezogen werden. Die im zweiten Teil des Projektes zu klärenden Detailfragen sind u.a. (aber nicht ausschließlich): Entwicklung ausgewählter dungassoziierten Insekten-Populationen im Freiland auf behandelten & unbehandelten Weiden. Auswirkungen möglicher reduzierter Dung-Insektenpopulationen (Käfer, Fliegen) auf die Nahrungsnetze. Schaffung der Datengrundlage hinsichtlich Ökologie und Biogeographie von Dungorganismen im klimatisch gemäßigten Bereich Europas. Schaffung der Grundlage für die systematische Bestimmung der Dunginsekten; hier neuere Methoden wie Meta-Barcoding oder eDNA, da klassisch-systematische entomologische Bestimmungsarbeit zukünftig nicht mehr leistbar sein wird.

3D Land Planning - Underground Resources and Sustainable Development in Urban Areas

The horizontal expansion and increase in population that have characterised urban growth and development patterns of the last few decades have produced cities that are inconsistent with the principles of sustainable development. Due to the high rate of global urbanisation, the consequences of problems such as greater traffic congestion, higher levels of air pollution, lack of green space, and insufficient water supplies not only affect the cities in which they occur, but extend around the world. Cities that maximise the use of the third dimension are seen as a possible path to sustainable urban form.The urban underground possesses a large untapped potential that, if properly managed and exploited, would contribute significantly to the sustainable development of cities. The use of its four principle resources (space, water, geothermal energy and geomaterials) can be optimised to help create environmentally, socially and economically desirable urban settings. For instance: space can be used for concentrating urban infrastructure and facilities, as well as housing parking facilities and transportation tunnels, energy from geothermal sources and thermal energy stored in the underground can be used for heating and cooling buildings, thereby reducing CO2 emissions,groundwater can be used for drinking water supply, and geomaterials from urban excavation can be used within the city to minimise long-distance conveyance.Traditionally, planning of underground works is done on a single-project basis with little consideration of other potential uses of the same space. This approach often produces interference between uses (e.g. road tunnels interfering with geothermal structures), causes negative environmental impacts (e.g. groundwater contamination), and restricts innovative opportunities for sustainable development (e.g. using waste heat from metro lines for heating buildings).The present research will create a methodology that will help planners consider and integrate the full potential of the urban underground within the larger context of city planning. Since the way in which the use of the urban underground varies in accordance with a cityies specific natural, social and economic circumstances, this research will be trans-disciplinary, incorporating both the physical and social sciences. The development of the methodology will be based on the results of key research activities. Constraints and opportunities for underground use will be identified by establishing the complex linkages between existing underground development and the variables that shape it in cities worldwide. Space, water, energy and geomaterials resources will be studied in terms of their interaction and combined use, to optimise their benefits under various geological, legal, economic, environmental and social conditions. This methodology will be tested on and refined during a case study on the city of Geneva. usw.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Ozone (O3), Level 3 – Global

Ozone vertical column density in Dobson Units as derived from Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI observations. The stratospheric ozone layer protects the biosphere from harmful solar ultraviolet radiation. Ozone in troposphere can pose risks to the health of humans, animals, and vegetation. The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4). Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Aerosol Layer Height (ALH), Level 3 – Global

Aerosols are an indicator for episodic aerosol plumes from dust outbreaks, volcanic ash, and biomass burning. Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The Aerosol layer height is provided in kilometres. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Abfallaufkommen: Deutschland, Jahre, Art der Abfallentsorgung, Abfallarten

Raumordnungsgesetz (ROG)

Nichtamtliches Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsübersicht Abschnitt 1 Allgemeine Vorschriften §  1 Aufgabe und Leitvorstellung der Raumordnung §  2 Grundsätze der Raumordnung §  3 Begriffsbestimmungen §  4 Bindungswirkung der Erfordernisse der Raumordnung §  5 Beschränkung der Bindungswirkung nach § 4 §  6 Ausnahmen und Zielabweichung §  7 Allgemeine Vorschriften über Raumordnungspläne §  8 Umweltprüfung bei der Aufstellung von Raumordnungsplänen §  9 Beteiligung bei der Aufstellung von Raumordnungsplänen § 10 Bekanntmachung von Raumordnungsplänen; Bereithaltung von Raumordnungsplänen und von Unterlagen § 11 Planerhaltung § 12 Untersagung raumbedeutsamer Planungen und Maßnahmen Abschnitt 2 Raumordnung in den Ländern § 13 Landesweite Raumordnungspläne, Regionalpläne und regionale Flächennutzungspläne § 14 Raumordnerische Zusammenarbeit § 15 Raumverträglichkeitsprüfung § 16 Beschleunigte Raumverträglichkeitsprüfung; Absehen von Raumverträglichkeitsprüfungen Abschnitt 3 Raumordnung im Bund § 17 Raumordnungspläne für die deutsche ausschließliche Wirtschaftszone und für den Gesamtraum § 18 Beteiligung bei der Aufstellung von Raumordnungsplänen des Bundes; Bekanntmachung von Raumordnungsplänen des Bundes § 19 Zielabweichung bei Raumordnungsplänen des Bundes § 20 Untersagung raumbedeutsamer Planungen und Maßnahmen bei Raumordnungsplänen des Bundes § 21 Ermächtigung zum Erlass von Rechtsverordnungen § 22 Zuständigkeiten des Bundesamtes für Bauwesen und Raumordnung § 23 Beirat für Raumentwicklung Abschnitt 4 Ergänzende Vorschriften und Schlussvorschriften § 24 Zusammenarbeit von Bund und Ländern § 25 Beteiligung bei der Aufstellung von Raumordnungsplänen der Nachbarstaaten § 26 (weggefallen) § 27 Anwendungsvorschrift für die Raumordnung in den Ländern § 28 Sonderregelung für die Windenergie an Land Anlage 1 (zu § 8 Absatz 1) Anlage 2 (zu § 8 Absatz 2) Anlage 3 (zu § 28 Absatz 4 Satz 3)

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