Diese Einteilung folgt nicht den Kriterien der klassischen Fließgewässerzonierung (Fischregionen), sondern orientiert sich an den Vorzugstemperaturen der Fischarten. Die in den Fließgewässern Sachsens vorkommenden Fischarten wurden in Bezug auf ihre Temperaturansprüche in drei Artengruppen (Arten des Salmoniden-Rhithrals, Cypriniden-Rhithrals und Potamals) eingeteilt und die Zuordnung der Fischgemeinschaften/Fischgewässertyp in Abhängigkeit von ihren Gesamtanteilen in den Referenz-Fischzönosen vorgenommen.
Die Hanfindustrie hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren aufgrund neuer politischer Rahmenbedingungen und innovativer Produktfelder zu einem stark wachsenden Wirtschaftsbereich entwickelt. Hanfprodukte werden in der Lebensmittel-, Pharma-, Automobil-, Bau-, Textil und Papierindustrie eingesetzt. Das stärkste Wachstum der Hanfindustrie findet in der Produktion von Lebensmittel- und Lebensmittelzusätzen aus Hanfsamen, Hanf- und CBD-Ölen statt. Als Nebenprodukte fallen in diesen Wirtschaftsbereichen Extraktionsreste an, für die es derzeit nur bedingt Verwertungsmöglichkeiten gibt. In der industriellen Hanffaserproduktion werden aus getrocknetem Hanfstroh hochwertige Naturfasern gewonnen, die z.B. im Fahrzeugleichtbau zur Herstellung von Fahrzeugarmaturen und Verkleidungen eingesetzt werden. Hanffasern sind darüber hinaus ein etabliertes ökologisches Dämmstoffmaterial. Hanfdämmstoffe zeichnen sich durch eine bessere CO2 Bilanz gegenüber konventionellen Dämmstoffmaterialien wie Mineralwolle oder Styropor aus und bieten die Möglichkeit CO2 über mehrere Jahrzehnte im Dämmstoff zu fixieren. Im Dämmstoffherstellungsverfahren fallen neben dem Hauptprodukt Hanffasern im etwa gleichen Umfang zellulosehaltige Reststoffe an, die derzeit nur zu einem geringen Teil wirtschaftlich genutzt werden. Im Hinblick auf eine zunehmende regenerative Energieversorgung sowie knapper werdender Ressourcen bzw. der kritischen Diskussion um den Einsatz nachwachsender Rohstoffe zur Energiegewinnung kommt der Erschließung biogener Rest- und Abfallstoffe für die Erzeugung effizienter, speicherbarer, flexibler und dezentraler Bioenergieträger zunehmende Bedeutung zu. Im Vorhaben HanfNRG sollen energetischen Nutzungsoptionen von Reststoffen der Hanfverarbeitung untersucht werden zur exemplarischen Einbindung in das Energiekonzept einer Hanffaserfabrik.
Community forestry has not met the great public expectations on a significant contribution to sustainable forestry yet. Recent research in the management and policy of community forestry describes a complex process of multi level social choice which determines the outcomes. Our hypothesis is that the key factors determining the outcomes of community forestry are the interests and power of the external stake holders. This hypothesis will be tested in a comparative quantitative and qualitative analysis. In seven countries comprising developed and developing countries 84 cases will be used for comparison. The comparative analysis will be carried out by one PhD student financed by the project. He will do the field work in close cooperation with PhD students who are already conducting their PhD analysis the different countries. The comparative analysis is aimed to explore key drivers of community forestry which are not yet identified in literature.
Magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) on microcosm soil cores (200 mm Ø) used for CeMiX, comprising naturally stacked subsoil down to 700 mm plus topsoil from CeFiT, will be implemented at a laterally partially open Split 1.5 T magnet, with intended final in-plane spatial resolution of 200 Micro m. Three-dimensional biopore distributions and dynamics of their formation within the cores will be determined non-invasively and compared to complementing CT analyses of SP 2. One major aim is a non-invasive differentiation of the biopores into earthworm- and root system-originating ones and currently air-, water-, root- and earthwormfilled ones, based on NMR relaxation parameters. Attempts will additionally be made to classify different wall coatings of the biopores with regard to their water affinity. Dynamics of water distribution within the microcosm core and its biopore structures, starting from initial values taken from CeFiT (SP 3), will be documented with an in-plane resolution of 5 mm, in parallel to measurements of root growth dynamics for calculation of biomass and root surface area. Special emphasis will be put on the role of the plant root system for a re-distribution of water/D2O (and solutes) between different soil layers. Finally we will attempt MRT-controlled sample collection from the microcosm cores, to get - together with our research unit partners of SPs 4-8 - repeated access to minimally invasively acquired data on nutrient and microorganism distributions in concert with non-invasively collected water and root distribution data as a basis for dynamic modelling of water and solute circuits in SP 10. Beside the microcosm cores, flat rhizotrons as used in SP 3 will be employed to enable measurements of root and shoot hydrostatic pressure profiles with pressure probes, in addition to MRT measurements. In this way water distributions and corresponding driving forces and growth dynamics will be measured altogether in a minimally invasive manner.
Mit dem Blauen Engel werden Produkte und Dienstleistungen ausgezeichnet, die in einer ganzheitlichen Betrachtung besonders umweltfreundlich sind und zugleich hohe Ansprüche an den Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz sowie die Gebrauchstauglichkeit erfüllen. Das Vorhaben dient der Ableitung und Weiterentwicklung ambitionierter Standards für umweltfreundliche, insbesondere im Innenraum eingesetzte Produkte im Bereich der freiwilligen Produktkennzeichnung mit dem Blauen Engel. Weiterentwickelt werden für die innenraumrelevanten Produktgruppen Matratzen und Polstermöbel unter anderem Kriterien zur Bestimmung von Umweltentlastungspotenzialen, zur Verbesserung der Innenraumluftqualität, für geeignete Rücknahme und Wiederverwertungssysteme und für die Verwendung bestimmter Rohstoffe oder Recyclingmaterialien. Eine Konkretisierung der zu bearbeitenden Standards erfolgt entsprechend politisch prioritärer Ziele sowie Schwerpunktsetzungen der Jury Umweltzeichen im Rahmen der Leistungsbeschreibung. Ergänzend wird methodisch die Integration von bilanzierenden Footprint-Indikatoren angestrebt. Für Bauprodukte sind hierzu Informationslücken aus Environmental Product Declarations zu identifizieren und für ausgewählte Produkte zu schließen. Die Ergebnisse der Lebenszyklusanalysen sollen dazu beitragen, hohe ökologische Produktstandards in Instrumenten des produktbezogenen Umweltschutzes, z.B. bei der umweltfreundlichen öffentlichen Beschaffung, zu verankern. Zusätzlich zu den nationalen Standards sollen für die oben genannten Produktgruppen Vorschläge zur Ausgestaltung europäischer Regelungen, einschließlich horizontaler Regelungen, erarbeitet werden, die in den europäischen Prozess der neuen Ökodesign-Verordnung für nachhaltige Produkte eingespeist werden können.
Changes in agroecosystem management (e.g. landscape diversity, management intensity) affect the natural control of pests. The effects of agricultural change on this ecosystem service, however, are not universal and the mechanisms affecting it remain to be understood. As biological control is effectively the product of networks of interactions between pests and their natural enemies, food web analysis provides a versatile tool to address this gap of knowledge. The proposed project will utilize a molecular food web approach and examine, for the first time, how changes in plant fertilisation and landscape complexity affect quantitative aphid-parasitoid-hyperparasitoid food webs on a species-specific level to unravel how changes in food web interactions affect parasitoid aphid control. Based on the fieldderived data, cage experiments will be conducted to assess how parasitoid diversity and identity affect parasitoid interactions and pest control, complementing the field results. The work proposed here will take research on parasitoid aphid control one step further, as it will provide a clearer understanding of how plant fertilization affects whole aphid-parasitoid food webs in both simple and complex landscapes, allowing for further improvements in natural pest control.
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is an important cereal grain which serves as major animal fodder crop as well as basis for malt beverages or staple food. Currently barley is ranked fourth in terms of quantity of cereal crops produced worldwide. In times of a constantly growing world population in conjunction with an unforeseeable climate change and groundwater depletion, the accumulation of knowledge concerning cereal growth and rate of yield gain is important. The Nordic Genetic Resource Center holds a major collection of barley mutants produced by irradiation or chemical treatment. One phenotypic group of barley varieties are dwarf mutants (erectoides, brachytic, semidwarf, uzu). They are characterized by a compact spike and high rate of yield while the straw is short and stiff, enhancing the lodging resistance of the plant. Obviously they are of applied interest, but they are also of scientific interest as virtually nothing is known about the genes behind the development of plant dwarfism. The aim of this project is to identify and isolate the genes carrying the mutations by using state of the art techniques for gene cloning at the Carlsberg Laboratory. The identified genes will be connected with the mutant phenotype to reveal the gene function in general. One or two genes will be overexpressed and the resulting recombinant proteins will be biochemically and structurally characterized. The insights how the mutation effects the protein will display the protein function in particular. Identified genes and their mutant alleles will be tested in the barley breeding program of the Carlsberg brewery.
Evidence is compelling for a positive correlation between urbanisation and increment of allergic sensitisation and diseases. The reason for this association is not clear to date. Some data point to a pro-allergic effect of anthropogenic factors on susceptible individuals. Data analysing the impact of environmental - natural and anthropogenic - factors on the allergenicity of allergen carriers such as pollen grains are scarce, and if applicable only taken from in vitro experimental designs. This study will analyse one of the most common allergy inducers in northern Europe - the birch pollen. Under natural exposure conditions, birch pollen will be analysed with respect to their allergenicity. Within an interdisciplinary research team this study will evaluate the effect of natural (e.g. soil, climate, genetic background) and anthropogenic (e.g. traffic pollutants) factors on birch pollen in a holistic approach including analysis of allergen bioavailability, release of pollen associated lipid mediators from birch pollen grains, in vitro immunostimulatory activity and in vivo allergenic potential. These data collected in the time course of three years will significantly add to our understanding how urbanisation and climate change influence the allergenicity of birch pollen and will help us in the future to set up primary prevention studies.
Farm structures are often characterized by regional heterogeneity, agglomeration effects, sub-optimal farm sizes and income disparities. The main objective of this study is to analyze whether this is a result of path dependent structural change, what the determinants of path dependence are, and how it may be overcome. The focus is on the German dairy sector which has been highly regulated and subsidized in the past and faces severe structural deficits. The future of this sector in the process of an ongoing liberalization will be analyzed by applying theoretical concepts of path dependence and path breaking. In these regards, key issues are the actual situation, technological and market trends as well as agricultural policies. The methodology will be based on a participative use of the agent-based model AgriPoliS and participatory laboratory experiments. On the one hand, AgriPoliS will be tested as a tool for stakeholder oriented analysis of mechanisms, trends and policy effects. This part aims to analyze whether and how path dependence of structural change can be overcome on a sector level. In a second part, AgriPoliS will be extended such that human players (farmers, students) can take over the role of agents in the model. This part aims to compare human agents with computer agents in order to overcome single farm path dependence.
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