Community forestry has not met the great public expectations on a significant contribution to sustainable forestry yet. Recent research in the management and policy of community forestry describes a complex process of multi level social choice which determines the outcomes. Our hypothesis is that the key factors determining the outcomes of community forestry are the interests and power of the external stake holders. This hypothesis will be tested in a comparative quantitative and qualitative analysis. In seven countries comprising developed and developing countries 84 cases will be used for comparison. The comparative analysis will be carried out by one PhD student financed by the project. He will do the field work in close cooperation with PhD students who are already conducting their PhD analysis the different countries. The comparative analysis is aimed to explore key drivers of community forestry which are not yet identified in literature.
Soil structure determines a large part of the spatial heterogeneity in water storage and fluxes from the plot to the hillslope scale. In recent decades important progress in hydrological research has been achieved by including soil structure in hydrological models. One of the main problems herein remains the difficulty of measuring soil structure and quantifying its influence on hydrological processes. As soil structure is very often of biogenic origin (macropores), the main objective of this project is to use the influence of bioactivity and resulting soil structures to describe and support modelling of hydrological processes at different scales. Therefore, local scale bioactivity will be linked to local infiltration patterns under varying catchment conditions. At hillslope scale, the spatial distribution of bioactivity patterns will be linked to connectivity of subsurface structures to explain subsurface stormflow generation. Then we will apply species distribution modelling of key organisms in order to extrapolate the gained knowledge to the catchment scale. As on one hand, bioactivity influences the hydrological processes, but on the other hand the species distribution also depends on soil moisture contents, including the feedbacks between bioactivity and soil hydrology is pivotal for getting reliable predictions of catchment scale hydrological behavior under land use change and climate change.
Rund 12 % der Berliner Stadtgebietsfläche sind öffentliche Grünflächen – das sind knapp 11.000 Hektar. Dazu gehören Grünanlagen, Spielplätze, Kleingärten, Friedhöfe, das Straßenbegleitgrün sowie rund 433.000 Straßenbäume und ein Vielfaches an Parkbäumen. Die Pflege und Unterhaltung des Berliner Stadtgrüns ist eine anspruchsvolle, vielgestaltige und manchmal auch schwierige Aufgabe, die von verschiedenen dafür verantwortlichen Stellen wahrgenommen wird. Für das öffentliche Stadtgrün sind überwiegend die Grünflächenämter der Bezirke zuständig. Aber auch weitere Institutionen sind mit der Pflege von Parks und Grünanlagen betraut, wie z.B. die Grün Berlin GmbH und die Stiftung Preußische Schlösser und Gärten Berlin-Brandenburg. Ein ressortübergreifend abgestimmtes Handbuch Gute Pflege stellt die Berliner Ziele für eine qualifizierte Grünflächenpflege unter Berücksichtigung von Erholungs- und Naturschutzbelangen mit den dafür erforderlichen Aufwänden dar. Im Rahmen der Grünflächenpflege sind auch Aspekte des Pflanzenschutzes zu berücksichtigen. Das mit der zunehmenden Globalisierung einhergehende Einschleppen von Schadorganismen und Neophyten wie auch das sich verändernde Klima beeinträchtigen nicht nur die Gesundheit der Pflanzen im Stadtgrün, sondern können auch für den Menschen zu gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen führen. Neben der Sicherstellung des fach- und umweltgerechten Schutzes der Pflanzen und Bäume in unserer Stadt sind dabei also auch Fragen der Gesundheit der Bevölkerung zu beachten. Beispiele hierfür sind das seit einigen Jahren verstärkte Auftreten des Eichenprozessionsspinners und die zunehmende Ausbreitung der aus Nordamerika stammenden Pflanze Ambrosia. Die Pollen der Ambrosia sind stark allergen, weshalb die Ausbreitung der Pflanzen u.a. auch im Rahmen der Grünflächenpflege bekämpft wird. Die Grünflächenämter arbeiten in solchen Fragen mit dem Pflanzenschutzamt Berlin zusammen. Immer mehr Abfall im Stadtgrün macht es leider notwendig, auf den Zusammenhang zwischen Müllbeseitigung und gärtnerischer Pflege aufmerksam zu machen. Weiterführende Informationen zur Organisation der Pflege und Unterhaltung des Berliner Stadtgrüns bzw. den verschiedenen Ansprechpartnerinnen und Ansprechpartnern finden Sie unter Kontakt. Bild: SenUVK Grün der Bezirke Die Grünflächenämter der Bezirke pflegen und unterhalten rund 9.000 ha Grünflächen, die sich in erster Linie aus öffentlichen Grünanlagen, Spielplätzen und Friedhöfen zusammensetzen und überwiegend zu ihrem Fachvermögen gehören. Weitere Informationen Bild: Bezirksamt Spandau Handbuch Gute Pflege (HGP) – Pflegestandards für die Berliner Grün- und Freiflächen Grünflächenmanagement steht im Spannungsfeld zwischen gärtnerischer Pflege und Gewährleistung der Verkehrssicherheit sowie der naturschutzfachlichen Belange. Darüber hinaus sind die speziellen Anforderungen der Gartenkunst und die Bewahrung des gartenkünstlerischen Erbes zu beachten. Weitere Informationen Bild: Holger Koppatsch Kein Müll im Park Ob als Ort von Stille und Entspannung, als Spielfeld für Bewegung, Spaß und Sport oder als Treffpunkt für Freunde und Fremde: Berlins Grün- und Erholungsanlagen locken nicht nur im Sommer täglich zehntausende Besucher an. Das ist gut so und Sinn und Zweck der Sache. Weitere Informationen
Diese Einteilung folgt nicht den Kriterien der klassischen Fließgewässerzonierung (Fischregionen), sondern orientiert sich an den Vorzugstemperaturen der Fischarten. Die in den Fließgewässern Sachsens vorkommenden Fischarten wurden in Bezug auf ihre Temperaturansprüche in drei Artengruppen (Arten des Salmoniden-Rhithrals, Cypriniden-Rhithrals und Potamals) eingeteilt und die Zuordnung der Fischgemeinschaften/Fischgewässertyp in Abhängigkeit von ihren Gesamtanteilen in den Referenz-Fischzönosen vorgenommen.
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is one major source of subsoil organic matter (OM). P5 aims at quantifying the impact of DOM input, transport, and transformation to the OC storage in the subsoil environment. The central hypotheses of this proposal are that in matric soil the increasing 14C age of organic carbon (OC) with soil depth is due to a cascade effect, thus, leading to old OC in young subsoil, whereas within preferential flowpaths sorptive stabilization is weak, and young and bioa-vailable DOM is translocated to the subsoil at high quantities. These hypotheses will be tested by a combination of DOC flux measurements with the comparative analysis of the composition and the turnover of DOM and mineral-associated OM. The work programme utilizes a DOM monitoring at the Grinderwald subsoil observatory, supplemented by defined experiments under field and labora-tory conditions, and laboratory DOM leaching experiments on soils of regional variability. A central aspect of the experiments is the link of a 13C-leaf litter labelling experiment to the 14C age of DOM and OM. With that P5 contributes to the grand goal of the research unit and addresses the general hypotheses that subsoil OM largely consists of displaced and old OM from overlying horizons, the sorption capacity of DOM and the pool size of mineral-associated OM are controlled by interaction with minerals, and that preferential flowpaths represent 'hot spots' of high substrate availability.
BACKGROUND: The Kingdom of Jordan belongs to the ten water scarcest countries in the world, and climate change is likely to increase the frequency of future droughts. Jordan is considered among the 10 most water impoverished countries in the world, with per capita water availability estimated at 170 m per annum, compared to an average of 1,000 m per annum in other countries. Jordan Government has taken the strategic decision to develop a conveyor system including a 325 km pipe to pump 100 million cubic meters per year of potable water from Disi-Mudawwara close to the Saudi Border in the south, to the Greater Amman area in the north. The construction of the water pipeline has started end of 2009 and shall be finished in 2013. Later on, the pipeline could serve as a major part of a national water carrier in order to convey desalinated water from the Red Sea to the economically most important central region of the country. The conveyor project will not only significantly increase water supplies to the capital, but also provide for the re-allocation of current supplies to other governorates, and for the conservation of aquifers. In the context of the Disi project that is co-funded by EIB two Environmental and Social Management Plans have been prepared: one for the private project partners and one for the Jordan Government. The latter includes the Governments obligation to re-balance water allocations to irrigation and to gradually restore the protected wetlands of Azraq (Ramsar site) east of Amman that has been depleted due to over-abstraction by re-directing discharge of highland aquifers after the Disi pipeline becomes operational. The Water Strategy recognizes that groundwater extraction for irrigation is beyond acceptable limits. Since the source is finite and priority should be given to human consumption it proposes to tackle the demand for irrigation through tariff adjustments, improved irrigation technology and disincentive to water intensive crops. The Disi aquifer is currently used for irrigation by farms producing all kinds of fruits and vegetables on a large scale and exporting most of their products to the Saudi and European markets and it is almost a third of Jordan's total consumption. The licenses for that commercial irrigation were finished by 2011/12. Whilst the licenses will be not renewed the difficulty will be the enforcement and satellite based information become an important supporting tool for monitoring. OUTLOOK: The ESA funded project Water management had the objective to support the South-North conveyor project and the activities of EIB together with the MWI in Jordan to ensure the supply of water for the increasing demand. EO Information provides a baseline for land cover and elevation and support the monitoring of further stages. usw.
In the Earth, the dynamo action is strongly linked to core freezing. There is a solid inner core, the growth of which provides a buoyancy flux that drives the dynamo. The buoyancy in this case derives from a difference in composition between the solid inner core and the fluid outer core. In planetary bodies smaller than the Earth, however, this core differentiation process may differ - Fe may precipitate at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) rather than in the center and may fall as iron snow and initially remelt with greater depth. A chemical stable sedimentation zone develops that comprises with time the entire core - at that time a solid inner core starts to grow. The dynamics of this system is not well understood and also whether it can generate a magnetic field or not. The Jovian moon Ganymede, which shows a present-day magnetic dipole field, is a candidate for which such a scenario has been suggested. We plan to study this Fe-snow regime with both a numerical and experimental approach. In the numerical study, we use a 2D/3D thermo-chemical convection model that considers crystallization and sinking of iron crystals together with the dynamics of the liquid core phase (for the 3D case the influence of the rotation of the Fe snow process is further studied).The numerical calculations will be complemented by two series of experiments: (1) investigations in metal alloys by means of X-ray radioscopy, and (2) measurements in transparent analogues by optical techniques. The experiments will examine typical features of the iron snow regime. On the one hand they will serve as a tool to validate the numerical approach and on the other hand they will yield important insight into sub-processes of the iron snow regime, which cannot be accessed within the numerical approach due to their complexity.
Evidence is compelling for a positive correlation between urbanisation and increment of allergic sensitisation and diseases. The reason for this association is not clear to date. Some data point to a pro-allergic effect of anthropogenic factors on susceptible individuals. Data analysing the impact of environmental - natural and anthropogenic - factors on the allergenicity of allergen carriers such as pollen grains are scarce, and if applicable only taken from in vitro experimental designs. This study will analyse one of the most common allergy inducers in northern Europe - the birch pollen. Under natural exposure conditions, birch pollen will be analysed with respect to their allergenicity. Within an interdisciplinary research team this study will evaluate the effect of natural (e.g. soil, climate, genetic background) and anthropogenic (e.g. traffic pollutants) factors on birch pollen in a holistic approach including analysis of allergen bioavailability, release of pollen associated lipid mediators from birch pollen grains, in vitro immunostimulatory activity and in vivo allergenic potential. These data collected in the time course of three years will significantly add to our understanding how urbanisation and climate change influence the allergenicity of birch pollen and will help us in the future to set up primary prevention studies.
Farm structures are often characterized by regional heterogeneity, agglomeration effects, sub-optimal farm sizes and income disparities. The main objective of this study is to analyze whether this is a result of path dependent structural change, what the determinants of path dependence are, and how it may be overcome. The focus is on the German dairy sector which has been highly regulated and subsidized in the past and faces severe structural deficits. The future of this sector in the process of an ongoing liberalization will be analyzed by applying theoretical concepts of path dependence and path breaking. In these regards, key issues are the actual situation, technological and market trends as well as agricultural policies. The methodology will be based on a participative use of the agent-based model AgriPoliS and participatory laboratory experiments. On the one hand, AgriPoliS will be tested as a tool for stakeholder oriented analysis of mechanisms, trends and policy effects. This part aims to analyze whether and how path dependence of structural change can be overcome on a sector level. In a second part, AgriPoliS will be extended such that human players (farmers, students) can take over the role of agents in the model. This part aims to compare human agents with computer agents in order to overcome single farm path dependence.
The natural capital of forests consists to a great extend of the forests environmental functions for human well-being, which not only include goods and services (source and sink functions) but also include life-support functions that reflect ecosystem performance (ecosystem functioning). Shifting the management approach from a traditional one to one that is more aware of the ecosystem complexity, the idea of 'ecosystem functioning is appearing to tackle gradual declines of ecosystem functions. Within CBDs framework, the Ecosystem Approach has been introduced on account of the necessity for open decision making with strong links between all stakeholders and the latest scientific knowledge due to uncertainty and unpredictability in nature. The Ecosystem Approach is still in need of further elaboration, even though as a concept Ecosystem Approach has been widely accepted. To aim forest enhancement, this approach has been regarded as the most feasible concept for the study area, the Bengawan Solo River Basin - Java, Indonesia. Therefore the principles and operational guidelines will be used to analyse and evaluate the current forest management in those areas of the Bengawan Solo River Basin, in which ecosystem function is the basis for forest development area. This research focuses on ecological functions of forests at various levels of ecosystem management planning, from the forestry sectors point of view.
| Origin | Count |
|---|---|
| Bund | 428 |
| Kommune | 2 |
| Land | 69 |
| Wissenschaft | 93 |
| Type | Count |
|---|---|
| Daten und Messstellen | 89 |
| Ereignis | 4 |
| Förderprogramm | 366 |
| Gesetzestext | 1 |
| Taxon | 2 |
| Text | 61 |
| Umweltprüfung | 19 |
| unbekannt | 45 |
| License | Count |
|---|---|
| geschlossen | 99 |
| offen | 423 |
| unbekannt | 63 |
| Language | Count |
|---|---|
| Deutsch | 247 |
| Englisch | 381 |
| Resource type | Count |
|---|---|
| Archiv | 14 |
| Bild | 2 |
| Datei | 101 |
| Dokument | 45 |
| Keine | 318 |
| Unbekannt | 3 |
| Webseite | 145 |
| Topic | Count |
|---|---|
| Boden | 374 |
| Lebewesen und Lebensräume | 445 |
| Luft | 332 |
| Mensch und Umwelt | 583 |
| Wasser | 319 |
| Weitere | 478 |