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This dataset presents the raw data of an experimental series of centrifuge models performed to test the influence of pre-existing weak zones in the lower crust (herein after referred to as Weak Lower Crust –WLC) during continental compression. We varied the width of the WLC, the dip of the interfaces bounding the WLC and the frictional properties at the WLC-LC interface by using lubricant (vaseline). In this dataset, we provide four different types of data, that can serve as supporting material and can be used for further analysis: 1) The top-view photos, taken at different stages and showing the deformation process of each model; 2) Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) used to reconstruct the 3D deformation of the performed analogue models; 3) Line-drawing of fault and fracture patterns to be used for fault statistical quantification; 4) A Python script to draw swath profiles (outputs) of the analogue models. Further details on the modelling strategy can be found in the publication associated with this dataset and in Milazzo et al. (2021), using a similar setup for achieving compression in the centrifuge. Materials used for these analogue models were described in Corti (2012), Montanari et al. (2017), Del Ventisette et al. (2019), Zou et al. (2024) and Wan et al. (2025).
Mt. Etna in Catania, Italy, is an active volcano that has served as a natural laboratory for many volcanologists worldwide. Its paroxysms are unique eruptive events caused by a complex magmatic system that, despite being one of the most studied volcanoes, there is still an open field to contribute to the understanding of magma dynamics and degassing. This data set is a compilation of grain-size and shape measurements of 14 tephra samples of Mt. Etna. The tephra samples correspond to some of the most explosive cycles and events of the volcano from 2011 to 2025. The measurements were obtained using CAMSIZER through the ILGE TNA grant funding at INGV sezione di Catania. This dataset is the basis for a research project investigating the controls on the volume of gases and magma emitted during an eruption of Mt. Etna. This publication results from work conducted under the transnational access/national open access action at Sedimentology Laboratory – INGV sezione di Catania supported by WP3 ILGE - MEET project, PNRR - EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005.
The Valles Caldera, New Mexico, USA was created by two caldera-forming eruptions at ~1.6 and ~1.1 Myr. Since then, post-caldera activity has consisted of lava domes, lava flows, large explosive phases, and a hydrothermal system active today. Possibly the youngest eruption sequence, El Cajete, was emplaced 74.4 ± 1.3 ka (Zimmerer et al., 2016) and began with pyroclastic surges, followed by pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) and pumice-rich Plinian pyroclastic fall (Self et al., 1988). The objective of this project was to characterize crystal grains from the early El Cajete sequence, in terms of morphology and textures, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The early El Cajete differs from the later part of the sequence in its greater stratigraphic and lithologic complexity, having been formed from not only pyroclastic fall (like the later El Cajete) but also surge beds and PDCs. This dataset was collected under the national open access action at Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Pisa SEM/EDS facility supported by WP3 ILGE – MEET project, PNRR – EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005. This allowed me to obtain the present dataset of 31 cathodoluminescence (CL) images of 30 quartz crystals and one sanidine crystal.
We report the results of high throughput, robust, and sensitive method for the precise analysis of 56Fe/54Fe and 57Fe/54Fe, performed using Multi-Collector-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS), Thermo Scientific Neptune PlusTM. We measured the Fe isotope compositions of widely used standard reference materials ranging from basaltic to rhyolitic compositions (JB-2, BHVO-2, BE-N, AGV-1, and RGM-1). We also propose a new iron isotope reference material, IAEA-B5, a basalt from Mount Etna already commonly used as a reference for B and Li isotopes. Funding information: EU-Next Generation EU Mission 4 ‘Education and Research’-Component 2: ‘From research to business’-Investment 3.1: ‘Fund for the realization of an integrated system of research and innovation infrastructures’-Project IR0000032-ITINERIS-Italian Integrated Environmental Research Infrastructures System-CUP B53C22002150006. EPOS European Plate Observing System
The role of elongated pores and crystals of lavas influences their mechanical and physical behaviour, providing a first microstructural clue. In the context of a doctoral project, two samples – a trachyte and a basalt/andesite (s.l.) - representative of Fogo Volcano (S. Miguel Island, Azores, Portugal) were collected as part of an intact rock study. They were microstructurally assessed in the INGV-OV (Naples) using the ZEISS Xradia Versa 410 X-ray computed microtomography to obtain high-resolution 3D images, as well as to perform real-time in-situ mechanical tests (uniaxial – 7 mm diameter cylinders - and Brazilian – 13 mm diameter discs) to assess how elongated pores/crystals control strength. In addition to 3D images of the samples, which allow segmentation of the pore space and crystals, mechanical tests show that trachytes are more competent than vesicular basalts/andesites. Both pores and crystals control the development of the crack pattern.
The Morro São João intrusion is located in the easternmost part of the Serra do Mar province, along the Cabo Frio lineament (Fig. 1) and has an area of approximately 10 km². It is a Late Cretaceous intrusion formed by clinopyroxenites, melagabbros, shonkinites, malignites, nepheline syenites, and phonolite dikes, without olivine, and is thought to have formed by closed system crystallization of a fairly evolved tephritic melt of potassic/ultrapotassic affinity (cf. Brotzu et al., 2007). We have analyzed two malignites, and specifically, their liquidus phases (clinopyroxene, titanite, garnet, amphibole). Analyzing the trace elements in these minerals helps us to better understand the different fractionation of the elements in these coexisting phases, and the implications for the evolution processes that occurred in the Morro São João magma reservoir. These analyses also provided important information about the concentration of rare earth elements (REEs) and high field strength elements (HFSEs), and their change with the magmatic evolution of the suite. This publication results from work conducted under the transnational access/national open access action at Mass spectrometry la-icp laboratory (IGG-CNR, Italy) supported by WP3 ILGE - MEET project, PNRR - EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005.
This dataset provides rheometric data of the PDMS Korasilon G 20 OH used for analogue modelling at the Laboratory for Experimental Tectonics at GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany. The batch number is 1000039264, purchased in 2022 and opened in 2026. The material sample has been analyzed at the Laboratory for Experimental Tectonics at GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam (HelTec) using an Anton Paar Physica MCR 301 rheometer in a cone-plate configuration at room temperature (21˚C). Rotational (controlled shear rate) tests with shear rates varying from 10^-4 to 10^-1 s^-1 were performed. According to our rheometric analysis, the material is quasi-Newtonian (n~1) at strain rates below 10^-2 s^-1 and weakly shear rate thinning above. The viscosity of G 20 OH is 1.8*10^4 Pa s.
This data set consists of Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratios (HVSR) resulting from the application of the software package HVNEA (HV Noise and Earthquake Automatic Analysis) with the aim of comparing them with those resulting from the application of another method, namely STATION (Seismic sTATion and sIte amplificatiON). The results, relative to more than 24,000 HVSR, derive from the processing of 700,000 seismograms recorded over different time periods by 8 stations of the networks IV (Italian Seismic Network), GU (Regional Seismic Network of North Western Italy) and GV (Mobile RSNI). To compare the results of the two methods as accurately as possible, the waveforms were subjected to the same preprocessing already used to elaborate the results stored in the STATION database. To this end, the methodological workflow applied with HVNEA for station IV.MURB involved the selection of segments from continuous recordings for each event reported in the INGV catalogue located within a radius of 120 kilometres from the station. Starting from the automatically picked S-wave onsets, 12-second windows were then extracted and used for the analysis of earthquake recordings. Regarding the noise analysis, it should be noted that STATION again considers 12-second windows selected before the P-wave onset, while HVNEA requires the use of a signal window of at least 60 seconds. A window of 3,600 seconds was used for the analysis. The comparison of the HVSR was performed in the frequency band 0.1–15 Hz. All analysed curves, for both earthquake and noise recordings, show generally similar shapes and identify significant peaks in correspondence of the same frequency ranges, although the amplitudes obtained with STATION are systematically higher than those obtained with HVNEA. To obtain a quantitative comparison, various statistical metrics commonly used to measure the discrepancy between data sets were applied, namely the Mean Squared Error, the Mean Absolute Error and the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. This publication results from work conducted under the transnational access/national open access action at the Site effects Laboratory – INGV L’Aquila supported by WP3 ILGE–MEET project, PNRR–EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005.
The dataset consists of microtremor recordings collected from multiple arrays in mid-September 2024 at San Felice sul Panaro, located in the Quaternary deposits of the Po Plain (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Data collection was performed using seismic nodes and six-component seismic stations: five stations Reftek recorders provided by INGV - Sezione Roma 1 (Italy) and six Certimus seismic stations from Cerema, as part of a collaboration between the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and Cerema. Five concentric arrays, with radii of 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 meters, were installed, each consisting of five stations. These arrays were active for a few days, centered around the SAN0 seismic station, which recorded the second shock of the Emilia Romagna seismic sequence in 2012. The Certimus seismic stations, co-located with nodes, were placed at the 400-meter radius and at the center, while INGV stations, also co-located with nodes, were installed on the 200-meter circle. Nodes alone were used for the remaining circles. Additionally, 46 single-station recordings were performed. The project proposal “SISFelice: Towards the Identification of the Physical Mechanisms Driving Nonlinear Soil Behavior Using Accelerometric Data: Site Characterization of San Felice” (PI: Julie Régnier) aims to study the impact of nonlinear soil behavior on site response during earthquakes. Within the framework of Joya El Hitti’s PhD, our research seeks to differentiate the physical mechanisms behind nonlinear soil behavior for more accurate earthquake predictions based on seismological observations. In this project, we plan to utilize earthquake recordings from the 2012 Emilia Romagna earthquake sequence at SAN0, San Felice sul Panaro, a site known for liquefaction. Despite nearby geotechnical tests, there remains a gap in characterizing the variability of site response and shear wave velocity profiles. Our project aims to address this by conducting single-station H/V measurements to assess spatial variability in site response and characterize the shear wave velocity profile down to bedrock. This publication results from work conducted under the transnational access/national open access action at INGV – lab Effetti di SITO (ESITO) supported by WP3 ILGE - MEET project, PNRR - EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005
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