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This data set consists of Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratios (HVSR) resulting from the application of the software package HVNEA (HV Noise and Earthquake Automatic Analysis) with the aim of comparing them with those resulting from the application of another method, namely STATION (Seismic sTATion and sIte amplificatiON). The results, relative to more than 24,000 HVSR, derive from the processing of 700,000 seismograms recorded over different time periods by 8 stations of the networks IV (Italian Seismic Network), GU (Regional Seismic Network of North Western Italy) and GV (Mobile RSNI). To compare the results of the two methods as accurately as possible, the waveforms were subjected to the same preprocessing already used to elaborate the results stored in the STATION database. To this end, the methodological workflow applied with HVNEA for station IV.MURB involved the selection of segments from continuous recordings for each event reported in the INGV catalogue located within a radius of 120 kilometres from the station. Starting from the automatically picked S-wave onsets, 12-second windows were then extracted and used for the analysis of earthquake recordings. Regarding the noise analysis, it should be noted that STATION again considers 12-second windows selected before the P-wave onset, while HVNEA requires the use of a signal window of at least 60 seconds. A window of 3,600 seconds was used for the analysis. The comparison of the HVSR was performed in the frequency band 0.1–15 Hz. All analysed curves, for both earthquake and noise recordings, show generally similar shapes and identify significant peaks in correspondence of the same frequency ranges, although the amplitudes obtained with STATION are systematically higher than those obtained with HVNEA. To obtain a quantitative comparison, various statistical metrics commonly used to measure the discrepancy between data sets were applied, namely the Mean Squared Error, the Mean Absolute Error and the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. This publication results from work conducted under the transnational access/national open access action at the Site effects Laboratory – INGV L’Aquila supported by WP3 ILGE–MEET project, PNRR–EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005.
The Upper Cretaceous Salitre intrusion, subdivided into Salitre I and Salitre II and dated to ~86-82 Ma by Sonoki and Garda (1988), is part of the Alto Paranaíba Igneous Province (APIP, Fig. 1) in Brazil, which is one of the largest ultrapotassic / carbonatitic / kimberlitic provinces in the world. The intrusion is characterized by the presence of lamproites, carbonatites and one lamprophyre (analyzed here), as well as along with a variety of intrusive cumulitic rocks. Among the Salitre studied samples, this alkaline lamprophyre is characterized by low SiO2 (35.6 wt%), ultrapotassic (K2O/Na2O = 5; K2O = 4.4 wt%) and peralkaline (PI = 1.3). It exhibits variable MgO content (14 wt%) and is enriched in REEs (∑REE=~1,300 ppm) and other trace elements (Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Sr, Ba). This lamprophyre is characterized by olivine and phlogopite phenocrysts set in a fine-grained groundmass of clinopyroxene, apatite, phlogopite, magnetite, chromite, and perovskite, with rare titanite and garnet; kalsilite is absent. Analyzing the trace elements of the main minerals in this lamprophyre helped us learn more about the origin and evolution of these magmas, as well as their possible genetic link with the other Salitre rocks. This analysis also provided important information about their enrichment in rare earth elements (REEs) and high field strength elements (HFSEs). This publication results from work conducted under the transnational access/national open access action at Mass spectrometry la-icp laboratory (IGG-CNR, Italy) supported by WP3 ILGE - MEET project, PNRR - EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005.
The role of the physical and microstructural properties of lavas impacts the dynamics of magma ascent and of the volcanic edifice itself. In the context of a doctoral project, ten samples representative of the central volcanoes of S. Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal), priorily collected in available outcrops in the island, were microstructurally assessed for the first time in the INGV-OV (Naples). Imaging was processed by the ZEISS Xradia Versa 410 X-ray computed microtomography. This tool enables accurate and complete textural characterization of rocks by providing 3D images of the samples. Posteriorly, the rocks were analysed with a dedicated image analysis software to resolve the internal microstructure of the samples. determining several key properties (porosity, permeability, fracturation, and crystal content) that are of major relevance for a posterior physical and mechanical assessment. This publication results from work conducted under the transnational access/national open access action at magLab, INGV-OV (Naples, Italy) supported by WP3 ILGE - MEET project, PNRR - EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005.
This image dataset contains results (original top-view and cross-section photographs) obtained from a series of 12 crustal-scale physical analogue modelling experiments performed in the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory (TecLab) at Utrecht University. We employed analogue modelling to study the inversion of extensional basins that are parallel and oblique to their boundaries. The key parameters of this study are: (i) the obliquity angle (0°, 10° or 20°) of shortening in relation to the strike of the initial rift structures; (ii) the basal décollement rheology; and (iii) the rheology of the basin fill. All analogue experiments are rectangular, 2 cm thick and consist of deformable brittle or brittle–ductile layers. Deformable parts in entirely brittle models are made of a homogeneous layer of quartz sand for the initial, non-stretched, pre-rift model crust. The subsequently resulting grabens are filled with syn- to post-extensional sediments of quartz sand, feldspar sand, or glass beads. Variations to these setups entail either a brittle layer of glass beads at the base of the above described brittle crust, or, for brittle-ductile models, a viscous layer of PDMS silicone putty with fillers. All experiments are built on one fixed above two mobile plastic sheets, their transition is pre-defining velocity discontinuities (VDs). In a first stage, deformation is induced in all models by two electric motors pulling the two mobile plastic sheets in opposite directions parallel to the backstop. These sheets are then fixed once the extensional phase is finished. VDs positioned both orthogonally and obliquely with respect to the backstop allow graben structures to form at angles of 0°, 10° and 20° to the subsequent shortening direction. In a second stage, a rigid backstop moves into the model to create compressive deformation within the entirely brittle or brittle-ductile layers. Top-view photographs were taken at regular time intervals throughout each experiment (see below for details). Cross-section photographs were taken at the end of each experiment. Therefore, the top-view photographs enable surface deformation to be tracked and analysed through time and space, while the cross-sections demonstrate the overall vertical deformation of each model. For more details about the models, see Sieberer et al. (2023). The properties of the materials used are described in Sieberer et al. (2023), Klinkmüller et al. (2016) and Willingshofer et al. (2018). All models are scaled according to the principles of geometric, rheological, and kinematic similarity between nature and models (Hubbert, 1937; Weijermars & Schmeling, 1986).
This dataset includes updated versions of high-resolution age models derived from six sedimentary cores collected from the southwestern Svalbard margin. The dataset presented here represents a refinement of a previous version (Caricchi et al., 2020; 2022), achieved through correlation of the stratigraphic trends of the ARM/k parameter with the GICC05modelext timescale and the NGRIP record (Rasmussen et al., 2014). Additional refinement was obtained from newly acquired and recalibrated radiometric data, as well as from improved lithological constraints. The dataset enables the calculation of sedimentation rates during glacial and interglacial periods and during short-lived, widespread meltwater pulses and Heinrich-like events, thereby allowing the reconstruction of ice-sheet instability and meltwater events along the Svalbard–Barents Sea margin over the last 60,000 years.
The study of textural and chemical characteristics of mafic minerals from mantle xenoliths is essential to investigate the nature of the upper mantle in a continental geodynamic context, melts generation and their effects related to mantle metasomatism. Particular textures in mantle minerals, inclusions or secondary veins of different nature (silicates vs carbonates), bubbles, represent petrographic tools to investigate these processes within the mantle. Petrographic 2D thin sections might overlook these mineralogical features, and 3D textural analysis through X-ray computed microtomography (micro-CT) are crucial to overcome these limitations. We focused on the Mt. Vulture volcano (southern Italy) rare mantle xenoliths, brought to the surface by a melilitite-carbonatite magma (141 ka), with particular emphasis to spinel-wehrlite xenoliths and wehrlitization processes that is located close to an area of intense CO2 degassing associated to catastrophic earthquakes. Preliminary results showed interesting 3D textural distributions within the studied xenoliths-forming mantle minerals. In particular, the micro-CT allowed to furnish new constrains on the relationship between fluids entrapment and migration, and structural discontinuities. Indeed, some minerals (especially those from the wehrlite xenoliths) showed a well-correlated distribution of fluid inclusions along the secondary fracturing planes. This publication results from work conducted under the transnational access/national open access action at Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia – Osservatorio Vesuviano (INGV-OV) and supported by WP3 ILGE - MEET project, PNRR - EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005. The author thanks also Gianmarco Buono and Lucia Pappalardo for their support during the analyses and the post processing process.
The spectacular water outburst occurring semi-periodically when the ice-dam formed by the external front of the Perito Moreno glacier collapses, is one of the most attracting events in the UNESCO ‘Parque Nacional Los Glaciares’ of southern Patagonia. These occurrences have been documented since 1936. Instead, evidence of previous events has been only indirectly provided by dendrochronology analysis. Four sediments cores have been collected on coastal soil in 2017, analysed by X rays, HR photography and Magnetic Susceptibility. The radiographies of these cores allowed to identify lake floodings deposits due to glacier readvance over the coastal soil related to the collapse of the Perito Moreno ice-dam. In November 2018, 10 undisturbed sediment gravity cores were collected within a small inlet of Brazo Sur, that is, the southern arm of Lago Argentino, at water depths ranging from 10 to 6 m using a 4.5 cm diameter gravity corer ‘KC Kajak Sediment Sampler’ Model 13.030. The length of these cores varies from 45 to 65 cm. X rays, HR photography and magnetic susceptibility provide the first evidence of an abrupt change in the stratigraphic record found at variable depths of 14–18 cm from the top of the cores, marked by a hiatus spanning ca. 3200 years, separating planar-laminated sediments below from an alternation of erosional and depositional events above it, indicating recurring high-energy conditions generated by the emptying of the lake basin, as well as ash layers observed in the longest cores. Radio carbon data collected on three of these cores record ice-daming in the Little Ice age, at 324-266 cal yrs BP. These well-preserved stratigraphic records highlight the key role of glaciolacustine deposits in reconstructing the glacial dynamics and palaeoclimate evolution of a glaciated region.
This dataset contains noble gas (He, Ne, Ar) isotopic and elemental compositions of geothermal spring fluids collected across the North-Western Himalaya as part of the “Himalayan Geothermal Project: Investigating Geothermal Systems in the North Western Himalaya – Origin and Tectonic Influence”. The primary purpose of data collection was to determine the sources, mixing processes, and crust–mantle interactions governing geothermal fluid evolution in an active continental collision zone. Water samples were collected from major geothermal localities in Himachal Pradesh (India) using glass water. The entire analysis was carried out in the Laboratory of Noble Gas Isotopes at the INGV Section in Palermo following all standard procedures. The resultant dataset is provided as a single CSV file containing all processed noble gas concentrations, isotopic ratios and other realted data. This publication results from work conducted under the transnational access/national open access action at Laboratory of Noble Gas Isotopes at the INGV Section in Palermo (Italy) supported by WP3 ILGE - MEET project, PNRR - EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005.
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