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Crystal Size Distribution Analyses of Isothermal Deformation Experiments

In this work we aimed to investigate and quantify the relative importance of dynamic conditions (e.g., stirring in a Concentric Cylinder apparatus) on the crystallization kinetics of basaltic magmas (Stromboli). This was achieved by observing the final textures of the samples, analysing the resulting SEM images, and finally relating the resulting parameters to specific growth and nucleation rates. The dataset is made of: 1) A folder called "SEM Images" with two sub-folders inside, representative of the two experiments carried out, called "CG1" and "CG2.3" 2) An Excel file, consisting in 4 data sheets, where all results of image analysis are included, divided in sections. The sheets are also available in CSV format. This publication results from work conducted under the transnational access/national open access action at High Pressure - High Temperature Laboratory (HPHT Lab), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Rome, Italy supported by WP3 ILGE - MEET project, PNRR - EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005.

Digital Image Correlation data from experiments of releasing bend evolution within different strength wet kaolin

The data set includes the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) results for four experiments of releasing bends along dextral strike-slip faults that were performed at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst (USA). Gabriel et al. (2025) used the DIC data sets to investigate how releasing bend fault systems evolve within different strength wet kaolin. Information on the experimental set up and methods can be found in the main text and supplement to Gabriel et al. (2025). The data here include the incremental displacement time series, strain animation and surface elevation data at the end of the two experiments with different clay strength, which are presented within Gabriel et al. (2025). We also include in this data repository incremental displacement time series and strain animations from two experiments that repeat the conditions of the experiments featured in Gabriel et al. (2025).

3D microXCT scans of 1mm pumiceous clasts from Rungwe Pumice eruption deposit (Tanzania)

The dataset comprises 3D micro XCT scans collected with a ZEISS Xradia Versa 410 at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-Osservatorio Vesuviano (Italy). Samples are ash particles within the 0/-0.5 φ (1-1.4 mm) grain size range collected from different stratigraphic horizons (C, F, I, L, O) of the type section (KF176) of the 4ka Rungwe Pumice Plinian eruption (Tanzania). A total of 4001 bidimensional X-ray absorption projections were collected during a 360° rotation of the sample at 80 kV and 7 W. For each sample a scan was collected using a 10x magnification lens, additionally, for specific samples, a further scan with a 20x lens was also collected at 150 kV and 10 W. The pixel size results in 2 µm/px (8 µm^3/voxel) for samples scanned with 10x lens and 1.1 µm/px (1.3 µm^3/voxel ) for samples scanned with 20x lens. When necessary, a low-energy (LE1) filter was used to minimise beam hardening. The scans were then reconstructed into tomographic volumes using the integrated XRM Reconstructor software.

Dataset of wehrlitization process: insights from X-ray Micro-CT of Mt. Vulture (southern Italy) mantle xenoliths

The study of textural and chemical characteristics of mafic minerals from mantle xenoliths is essential to investigate the nature of the upper mantle in a continental geodynamic context, melts generation and their effects related to mantle metasomatism. Particular textures in mantle minerals, inclusions or secondary veins of different nature (silicates vs carbonates), bubbles, represent petrographic tools to investigate these processes within the mantle. Petrographic 2D thin sections might overlook these mineralogical features, and 3D textural analysis through X-ray computed microtomography (micro-CT) are crucial to overcome these limitations. We focused on the Mt. Vulture volcano (southern Italy) rare mantle xenoliths, brought to the surface by a melilitite-carbonatite magma (141 ka), with particular emphasis to spinel-wehrlite xenoliths and wehrlitization processes that is located close to an area of intense CO2 degassing associated to catastrophic earthquakes. Preliminary results showed interesting 3D textural distributions within the studied xenoliths-forming mantle minerals. In particular, the micro-CT allowed to furnish new constrains on the relationship between fluids entrapment and migration, and structural discontinuities. Indeed, some minerals (especially those from the wehrlite xenoliths) showed a well-correlated distribution of fluid inclusions along the secondary fracturing planes. This publication results from work conducted under the transnational access/national open access action at Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia – Osservatorio Vesuviano (INGV-OV) and supported by WP3 ILGE - MEET project, PNRR - EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005. The author thanks also Gianmarco Buono and Lucia Pappalardo for their support during the analyses and the post processing process.

Carbon isotopes in OIB Mantle source

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Magnetic biomonitoring of airborne metallic particles using lichen transplants on cultural heritage – The Jerónimos Monastery, Lisbon, Portugal. Preliminary Results

Magnetic biomonitoring employing lichens transplants is a non-invasive and low-cost method to evaluate airborne particulate matter (PM) pollution originated from urban traffic. This study was designed to assess the indoor deposition of traffic-related PM within the 16th-century Jerónimos Monastery in Lisbon, employing lichen transplants exposed during two distinct periods of 11weeks each. Data includes the low field magnetic susceptibility values for all the lichen transplants, exposed during summer 2024. This publication results from work conducted under the transnational access/national open access action at Paleomagnetic Laboratory of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) in Rome supported by WP3 ILGE - MEET project, PNRR - EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of massive and porous of lavas from S. Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal)

The role of elongated pores and crystals of lavas influences their mechanical and physical behaviour, providing a first microstructural clue. In the context of a doctoral project, two samples – a trachyte and a basalt/andesite (s.l.) - representative of Fogo Volcano (S. Miguel Island, Azores, Portugal) were collected as part of an intact rock study. They were microstructurally assessed in the INGV-OV (Naples) using the ZEISS Xradia Versa 410 X-ray computed microtomography to obtain high-resolution 3D images, as well as to perform real-time in-situ mechanical tests (uniaxial – 7 mm diameter cylinders - and Brazilian – 13 mm diameter discs) to assess how elongated pores/crystals control strength. In addition to 3D images of the samples, which allow segmentation of the pore space and crystals, mechanical tests show that trachytes are more competent than vesicular basalts/andesites. Both pores and crystals control the development of the crack pattern.

CAMSIZER Particle Size Data from Explosive Paroxysms of Mt. Etna (2011–2025)

Mt. Etna in Catania, Italy, is an active volcano that has served as a natural laboratory for many volcanologists worldwide. Its paroxysms are unique eruptive events caused by a complex magmatic system that, despite being one of the most studied volcanoes, there is still an open field to contribute to the understanding of magma dynamics and degassing. This data set is a compilation of grain-size and shape measurements of 14 tephra samples of Mt. Etna. The tephra samples correspond to some of the most explosive cycles and events of the volcano from 2011 to 2025. The measurements were obtained using CAMSIZER through the ILGE TNA grant funding at INGV sezione di Catania. This dataset is the basis for a research project investigating the controls on the volume of gases and magma emitted during an eruption of Mt. Etna. This publication results from work conducted under the transnational access/national open access action at Sedimentology Laboratory – INGV sezione di Catania supported by WP3 ILGE - MEET project, PNRR - EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005.

Trace element concentration of minerals in the Morro São João malignites (Serra do Mar, Brazil)

The Morro São João intrusion is located in the easternmost part of the Serra do Mar province, along the Cabo Frio lineament (Fig. 1) and has an area of approximately 10 km². It is a Late Cretaceous intrusion formed by clinopyroxenites, melagabbros, shonkinites, malignites, nepheline syenites, and phonolite dikes, without olivine, and is thought to have formed by closed system crystallization of a fairly evolved tephritic melt of potassic/ultrapotassic affinity (cf. Brotzu et al., 2007). We have analyzed two malignites, and specifically, their liquidus phases (clinopyroxene, titanite, garnet, amphibole). Analyzing the trace elements in these minerals helps us to better understand the different fractionation of the elements in these coexisting phases, and the implications for the evolution processes that occurred in the Morro São João magma reservoir. These analyses also provided important information about the concentration of rare earth elements (REEs) and high field strength elements (HFSEs), and their change with the magmatic evolution of the suite. This publication results from work conducted under the transnational access/national open access action at Mass spectrometry la-icp laboratory (IGG-CNR, Italy) supported by WP3 ILGE - MEET project, PNRR - EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005.

Rheology of PDMS Korasilon G20OH (#1000039264) used at the Laboratory for Experimental Tectonics at GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany

This dataset provides rheometric data of the PDMS Korasilon G 20 OH used for analogue modelling at the Laboratory for Experimental Tectonics at GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany. The batch number is 1000039264, purchased in 2022 and opened in 2026. The material sample has been analyzed at the Laboratory for Experimental Tectonics at GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam (HelTec) using an Anton Paar Physica MCR 301 rheometer in a cone-plate configuration at room temperature (21˚C). Rotational (controlled shear rate) tests with shear rates varying from 10^-4 to 10^-1 s^-1 were performed. According to our rheometric analysis, the material is quasi-Newtonian (n~1) at strain rates below 10^-2 s^-1 and weakly shear rate thinning above. The viscosity of G 20 OH is 1.8*10^4 Pa s.

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