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This image dataset contains results (original top-view and cross-section photographs) obtained from a series of 12 crustal-scale physical analogue modelling experiments performed in the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory (TecLab) at Utrecht University. We employed analogue modelling to study the inversion of extensional basins that are parallel and oblique to their boundaries. The key parameters of this study are: (i) the obliquity angle (0°, 10° or 20°) of shortening in relation to the strike of the initial rift structures; (ii) the basal décollement rheology; and (iii) the rheology of the basin fill. All analogue experiments are rectangular, 2 cm thick and consist of deformable brittle or brittle–ductile layers. Deformable parts in entirely brittle models are made of a homogeneous layer of quartz sand for the initial, non-stretched, pre-rift model crust. The subsequently resulting grabens are filled with syn- to post-extensional sediments of quartz sand, feldspar sand, or glass beads. Variations to these setups entail either a brittle layer of glass beads at the base of the above described brittle crust, or, for brittle-ductile models, a viscous layer of PDMS silicone putty with fillers. All experiments are built on one fixed above two mobile plastic sheets, their transition is pre-defining velocity discontinuities (VDs). In a first stage, deformation is induced in all models by two electric motors pulling the two mobile plastic sheets in opposite directions parallel to the backstop. These sheets are then fixed once the extensional phase is finished. VDs positioned both orthogonally and obliquely with respect to the backstop allow graben structures to form at angles of 0°, 10° and 20° to the subsequent shortening direction. In a second stage, a rigid backstop moves into the model to create compressive deformation within the entirely brittle or brittle-ductile layers. Top-view photographs were taken at regular time intervals throughout each experiment (see below for details). Cross-section photographs were taken at the end of each experiment. Therefore, the top-view photographs enable surface deformation to be tracked and analysed through time and space, while the cross-sections demonstrate the overall vertical deformation of each model. For more details about the models, see Sieberer et al. (2023). The properties of the materials used are described in Sieberer et al. (2023), Klinkmüller et al. (2016) and Willingshofer et al. (2018). All models are scaled according to the principles of geometric, rheological, and kinematic similarity between nature and models (Hubbert, 1937; Weijermars & Schmeling, 1986).
This dataset documents a series of analogue experiments designed to investigate the coupled evolution of magma-driven surface uplift and rainfall-driven geomorphic processes. Seven controlled laboratory experiments were conducted, each combining shallow intrusion of a magma analogue with imposed rainfall of varying intensity, in order to systematically explore the role of surface processes under different forcing conditions. The experimental setup consists of a rigid Plexiglas container filled with a water-saturated granular mixture formulated to reproduce brittle crustal behaviour under wet conditions. Magmatic intrusion was simulated by injecting a fixed volume (360 cm³) of low-viscosity polyglycerine through a basal inlet at three distinct injection rates, while surface processes were imposed using an overhead rainfall system delivering three different rainfall intensities. Topographic evolution during each experiment was monitored using a structured-light laser scanner (Artec Leo). For every model run, six Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) were generated at synchronised stages corresponding to 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of the injected volume, yielding a total of 42 DEMs. Raw scans were processed through a triangulated irregular network (TIN) meshing workflow and subsequently rasterised to GeoTIFF format without additional post-processing, in order to preserve the original topographic signal. In parallel, time-lapse photographic documentation was acquired throughout each experiment using a digital camera, providing a complementary visual record of dome growth, surface incision and sediment redistribution. The dataset is organised into two main components: (i) high-resolution topographic datasets (DEMs) and (ii) time-indexed photographic sequences, both linked to the temporal evolution of each experiment. Quality control procedures include scanner calibration prior to acquisition, verification of mesh consistency and raster resolution, and a closed-system experimental design ensuring mass conservation. All data are distributed in their original formats and accompanied by detailed documentation describing experimental procedures, data processing workflows, and file organisation, enabling reproducibility and reuse in quantitative analyses of coupled magmatic and surface processes. This publication results from work conducted under the transnational access/national open access action at University Roma Tre, Laboratory of Experimental Tectonics (LET) supported by WP3 ILGE - MEET project, PNRR - EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005.
Magnetic biomonitoring employing lichens transplants is a non-invasive and low-cost method to evaluate airborne particulate matter (PM) pollution originated from urban traffic. This study was designed to assess the indoor deposition of traffic-related PM within the 16th-century Jerónimos Monastery in Lisbon, employing lichen transplants exposed during two distinct periods of 11weeks each. Data includes the low field magnetic susceptibility values for all the lichen transplants, exposed during summer 2024. This publication results from work conducted under the transnational access/national open access action at Paleomagnetic Laboratory of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) in Rome supported by WP3 ILGE - MEET project, PNRR - EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005.
The Morro São João intrusion is located in the easternmost part of the Serra do Mar province, along the Cabo Frio lineament (Fig. 1) and has an area of approximately 10 km². It is a Late Cretaceous intrusion formed by clinopyroxenites, melagabbros, shonkinites, malignites, nepheline syenites, and phonolite dikes, without olivine, and is thought to have formed by closed system crystallization of a fairly evolved tephritic melt of potassic/ultrapotassic affinity (cf. Brotzu et al., 2007). We have analyzed two malignites, and specifically, their liquidus phases (clinopyroxene, titanite, garnet, amphibole). Analyzing the trace elements in these minerals helps us to better understand the different fractionation of the elements in these coexisting phases, and the implications for the evolution processes that occurred in the Morro São João magma reservoir. These analyses also provided important information about the concentration of rare earth elements (REEs) and high field strength elements (HFSEs), and their change with the magmatic evolution of the suite. This publication results from work conducted under the transnational access/national open access action at Mass spectrometry la-icp laboratory (IGG-CNR, Italy) supported by WP3 ILGE - MEET project, PNRR - EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005.
The data set includes the 3D incremental displacement fields resulting from Digital Image Correlation (DIC) analysis of four strike-slip experiments performed at the laboratory for experimental tectonics at GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam in 2022. The data here include the incremental displacement time series from four strike-slip experiments with quartz sand G12 (Rosenau et al., 2018): two with 1.2 cm thick sandpack and two with a 3 cm thick sandpack. Ramos Sánchez et al. (in review) used the incremental horizontal displacement fields from strike-slip fault experiments within different materials to train Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to predict off-fault deformation from active fault trace maps. Because off-fault deformation is difficult to ascertain in the field, convolutional neural networks trained on data from scaled physical experiment that simulate upper crustal deformation can inform how much off-fault deformation can be expected along crustal strike-slip faults. For training the CNNs Ramos Sánchez et al. (in review) used incremental horizontal displacement fields from experiments in wet kaolin (Cooke et al., 2021) and both poured and sedimented CV32 sand (Visage et al., 2023). All experiments used identical conditions of straight basal velocity discontinuity to produce overlying strike-slip faults. The benefit of training the CNN on strike-slip experiments within different materials is to capture a wide range of strike-slip deformation that may occur within the upper crust. After training of the CNN Ramos Sánchez et al. (in review) tested the trained on unseen fault maps including maps from the two 3 cm thick G12 sand experiments of this dataset. The 1.2 cm sandpack maps were excluded from the study because the strike-slip faults were very fine and closely spaced so they were not as well resolved as those of 3 cm sandpack. By testing the CNN trained on CV32 fault maps with the fault maps from G12 sand experiments, Ramos Sanchez et al. were able to assess if the applicability of the CNN to experiments with similar but not identical sand. Information on the displacement field analysis and CNN training and testing can be found in the main text and supplement to Ramos Sánchez et al. (in review). The file structure of this zip folder is fully described in the list of files.
The Upper Cretaceous Salitre intrusion, subdivided into Salitre I and Salitre II and dated to ~86-82 Ma by Sonoki and Garda (1988), is part of the Alto Paranaíba Igneous Province (APIP, Fig. 1) in Brazil, which is one of the largest ultrapotassic / carbonatitic / kimberlitic provinces in the world. The intrusion is characterized by the presence of lamproites, carbonatites and one lamprophyre (analyzed here), as well as along with a variety of intrusive cumulitic rocks. Among the Salitre studied samples, this alkaline lamprophyre is characterized by low SiO2 (35.6 wt%), ultrapotassic (K2O/Na2O = 5; K2O = 4.4 wt%) and peralkaline (PI = 1.3). It exhibits variable MgO content (14 wt%) and is enriched in REEs (∑REE=~1,300 ppm) and other trace elements (Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Sr, Ba). This lamprophyre is characterized by olivine and phlogopite phenocrysts set in a fine-grained groundmass of clinopyroxene, apatite, phlogopite, magnetite, chromite, and perovskite, with rare titanite and garnet; kalsilite is absent. Analyzing the trace elements of the main minerals in this lamprophyre helped us learn more about the origin and evolution of these magmas, as well as their possible genetic link with the other Salitre rocks. This analysis also provided important information about their enrichment in rare earth elements (REEs) and high field strength elements (HFSEs). This publication results from work conducted under the transnational access/national open access action at Mass spectrometry la-icp laboratory (IGG-CNR, Italy) supported by WP3 ILGE - MEET project, PNRR - EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005.
In this work we aimed to investigate and quantify the relative importance of dynamic conditions (e.g., stirring in a Concentric Cylinder apparatus) on the crystallization kinetics of basaltic magmas (Stromboli). This was achieved by observing the final textures of the samples, analysing the resulting SEM images, and finally relating the resulting parameters to specific growth and nucleation rates. The dataset is made of: 1) A folder called "SEM Images" with two sub-folders inside, representative of the two experiments carried out, called "CG1" and "CG2.3" 2) An Excel file, consisting in 4 data sheets, where all results of image analysis are included, divided in sections. The sheets are also available in CSV format. This publication results from work conducted under the transnational access/national open access action at High Pressure - High Temperature Laboratory (HPHT Lab), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Rome, Italy supported by WP3 ILGE - MEET project, PNRR - EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005.
Understanding how fluids migrate through underground rock formations is essential for securely storing carbon dioxide ($CO_2$), managing groundwater resources, or cleaning up contaminated soils. A key parameter in this context is the capillary pressure, the pressure difference between two immiscible fluids, such as water and $CO_2$, in the pore space of rocks. However, reliable measurements of capillary pressure under realistic subsurface conditions are still limited. Capillary pressure–saturation relationships were determined using the porous membrane technique within a custom-designed experimental platform SEPP (System for Experimental PetroPhysics) developed at GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences. Measurements were conducted during both drainage and imbibition cycles under pressure and temperature conditions relevant for subsurface $CO_2$ storage reservoirs. SEPP enables integrated acquisition of key petrophysical parameters, including hydraulic, electrical, and elastic properties. This data publication presents two datasets capturing capillary pressure, electrical resistivity, and P- and S-wave velocities from tests on two distinct sandstone samples.
The Salitre intrusion, which is subdivided into Salitre I and Salitre II. It was dated to ~86-82 Ma by Sonoki and Garda (1988). It is part of the Alto Paranaíba Igneous Province (APIP, Fig. 1) in Brazil. The APIP is one of the largest ultrapotassic/carbonatitic/kimberlitic provinces in the world. The intrusion consists of lamproites, carbonatites, and one lamprophyre, as well as various intrusive cumulitic rocks. These rocks include perovskite-phlogopite dunites, phlogopite-perovskite clinopyroxenites (salitrites, s.l.), phlogopitites, phoscorites, and perovskitites. These rocks are characterized by variable enrichment of olivine, clinopyroxene, phlogopite, perovskite, oxides, apatite, and carbonate, as well as several accessory phases, such as baddeleyite and calzirtite. Their geochemical and petrological features are related to the variable amounts of these minerals. For this part of the project, we have analyzed the concentrations of trace elements in the primary minerals (clinopyroxene, phlogopite, garnet, perovskite, apatite and olivine) identified in three phlogopite-perovskite clinopyroxenites and one perovskite-phlogopite dunite. Analyzing the trace elements in these minerals helped us to better understand the differential settling of minerals within the Salitre magma chamber, and their possible genetic relationship with carbonatitic and lamprophyric rocks. These analyses also provided important information about the minerals' enrichment in rare earth elements (REEs) and high field strength elements (HFSEs). This publication results from work conducted under the transnational access/national open access action at Mass spectrometry la-icp laboratory (IGG-CNR, Italy) supported by WP3 ILGE - MEET project, PNRR - EU Next Generation Europe program, MUR grant number D53C22001400005.
This dataset includes updated versions of high-resolution age models derived from six sedimentary cores collected from the southwestern Svalbard margin. The dataset presented here represents a refinement of a previous version (Caricchi et al., 2020; 2022), achieved through correlation of the stratigraphic trends of the ARM/k parameter with the GICC05modelext timescale and the NGRIP record (Rasmussen et al., 2014). Additional refinement was obtained from newly acquired and recalibrated radiometric data, as well as from improved lithological constraints. The dataset enables the calculation of sedimentation rates during glacial and interglacial periods and during short-lived, widespread meltwater pulses and Heinrich-like events, thereby allowing the reconstruction of ice-sheet instability and meltwater events along the Svalbard–Barents Sea margin over the last 60,000 years.
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