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Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Ultraviolet Index (UVI), Level 3 – Global

UV Index (UVI) as derived from TROPOMI observations. The UVI describes the intensity of the solar ultraviolet radiation. Values around zero indicate low, values greater than 10 indicate very high UV exposure on the ground. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Elektronische Navigationskarten für Binnenschifffahrtsstraßen (IENC / Inland-ENCs)

Die IENC sind Elektronische Navigationskarten für Binnenschifffahrtsstraßen. Sie werden in Deutschland für die Wasserstraßen- und Schifffahrtsverwaltung des Bundes (WSV) von der Fachstelle für Geodäsie und Geoinformatik der WSV (FGeoWSV) hergestellt, herausgegeben und kostenfrei zur Verfügung gestellt.

Geophysical, Sedimentological and Geochemical Data from the Lower Havel Inner Delta (Gülpe Island), Brandenburg (Germany)

To investigate subsurface features in the Lower Havel River floodplain, we conducted Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) transects and Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) surveys at three different depths in 2023 and 2024. These near surface geophysical methods were complemented by 24 driving core drillings to relate the electrical properties with sedimentological characteristics. Additionally, five selected sediment cores were used for subsequent geochemical lab analyses (grain size, CNS, TOC, TIC). Electromagnetic induction (EMI) was measured with a CMD-Mini Explorer (GF Instruments s.r.o., Brno, Czech Republic) in June 2023 and June 2024. We used the vertical dipole (VDP) at coil spacings of 0.32 m (VDP1), 0.71 m (VDP2) and 1.18 m (VDP3), archieving effective penetration depths of 0.5 m (VDP1), 1.0 m (VDP2) and 1.8 m (VDP3). According to the manufacturer, 70% of the signal originate from above these depths. The EMI sensors measure the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa, in mS/m). Measurements were taken by carrying the instrument about 0.2 m above ground while being directly connected to D-GPS (Leica GPS1200) for positioning. The acquisition rate was five measurements per second. Data quality was checked by measuring a reference line before and after each measurement. The area investigated by EMI in June 2023 is located to the north and northeast of the Gülpe research station. It has a total area of 12.3 ha. The reference line was located in the southern part of the study area. No drift correction had to be applied due to good data quality. Reference lines and single outliers were removed. The area investigated by EMI in June 2024 is located southeast of the research station. The survey area there is 8.1 ha in size. The reference line for the measurements there was located in the north-westernmost area of the site. No drift correction had to be applied due to good data quality. Reference lines and single outliers were removed. The Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) data were acquired by using a PC controlled DC resistivity meter system (RESECS, Geoserve, Kiel, Germany). In total, we measured four ERT transects. Two transects in June 2023, where transect 1 had a total length of 259 m with an electrode spacing of 0.5 m and transect 2 had a total length of 223 m with an electrode spacing of 1 m. The measurements in 2023 were carried out under extreme dry conditions. Two further transects were measured in June 2024 with an electrode spacing of 1m, transect 3 with a total length of 207 m and transect 4 with a total length of 239 m. We applied wenner alpha and dipol-dipol configuration. The coordinates and the height of the electrodes were measured with a D-GPS (2023: TOPCON HiPer II / 2024: Leica GPS1200). Sediment cores were recovered using a hand-held Cobra Pro (Atlas Copco) core drilling system with a 60 mm diameter open corer. One-meter segments were retrieved and assessed in the field for sedimentological features, including estimations of grain size, carbonate content, humus content, and redox features (AG Boden 2005, 2024). Colour descriptions were carried out using the Munsell Soil Color Chart. The exact positions of the drilling points were recorded using a differential GPS device (TOPCON HiPer II). The cores were photographed, documented and sampled at 5–10 cm intervals for subsequent laboratory analyses. Bulk samples from five selected cores (RK1, RK3, RK13, RK15, RK17) were freeze-dried, sieved (2 mm), and weighed. Total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and total sulfur (TS) contents were measured using a CNS analyzer (Vario EL cube, Elementar). Inorganic carbon (TIC) was determined using calcimeter measurements (Scheibler method, Eijkelkamp). Organic carbon (TOC) was calculated as TOC = TC − TIC. For the grain size analyses, sediment samples were first sieved to <2 mm and subsamples of 10 g were treated with 50 ml of 35% hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and gently heated to remove organic matter. Following this, 10 ml of 0.4 N sodium pyrophosphate solution (Na₄P₂O₇) was added to disperse the particles, and the suspension was subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 45 minutes. The sand fraction was analysed by dry sieving and classified into four size classes: coarse sand (2000–630 µm), medium sand (630–200 µm), fine sand (200–125 µm), and very fine sand (125–63 µm). Finer fractions were determined using X-ray granulometry (XRG) with a SediGraph III 5120 (Micromeritics). These included coarse silt (63–20 µm), medium silt (20–6.3 µm), fine silt (6.3–2.0 µm), coarse clay (2.0–0.6 µm), medium clay (0.6–0.2 µm), and fine clay (<0.2 µm).

GrassLands - Mowing Frequency - Yearly, 10m

Grassland mowing dynamics (i.e. the timing and frequency of mowing events) have a strong impact on grassland functions and yields. As grasslands in Germany are managed on small-scale units and grass grows back quickly, satellite information with high spatial and temporal resolution is necessary to capture grassland mowing dynamics. Based on Sentinel-2 data time series, mowing events are detected throughout Germany and annual maps of the grassland mowing frequency generated. The grassland mowing detection approach operates per pixel, including preprocessing of the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) time series and a calibrated rule-based grassland mowing detection which is specified in more detail in Reinermann et al. 2022, 2023.

Entwicklung einer innovativen wasserstoffbasierten Ofentechnologie zur Herstellung tonkeramischer Werkstoffe, Teilprojekt 6: Entwicklung einer wasserstoffbetriebenen Tunnelofentechnologie sowie Inbetriebnahme einer Versuchsanlage

Entwicklung einer innovativen wasserstoffbasierten Ofentechnologie zur Herstellung tonkeramischer Werkstoffe, Teilprojekt 3: Entwicklung Versorgungskonzept zur H2-Erzeugung, Speicherung und Verteilung beim H2-Brand keramischer Schamotten sowie energiewirtschaftliche Einordnung

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Surface Nitrogendioxide (NO2), Level 4 – Regional (Germany and neighboring countries)

The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product displays the Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) near surface concentration for Germany and neighboring countries as derived from the POLYPHEMUS/DLR air quality model. Surface NO2 is mainly generated by anthropogenic sources, e.g. transport and industry. POLYPHEMUS/DLR is a state-of-the-art air quality model taking into consideration - meteorological conditions, - photochemistry, - anthropogenic and natural (biogenic) emissions, - TROPOMI NO2 observations for data assimilation. This Level 4 air quality product (surface NO2 at 15:00 UTC) is based on innovative algorithms, processors, data assimilation schemes and operational processing and dissemination chain developed in the framework of the INPULS project. The DLR project INPULS develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI - Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Level 3 - Global

Aerosol optical depth (AOD) as derived from TROPOMI observations. AOD describes the attenuation of the transmitted radiant power by the absence of aerosols. Attenuation can be caused by absorption and/or scattering. AOD is the primary parameter to evaluate the impact of aerosols on weather and climate. Daily AOD observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

SWIM Water Extent - Sentinel-1/2 - Daily

SWIM Water Extent is a global surface water product at 10 m pixel spacing based on Sentinel-1/2 data. The collection contains binary layers indicating open surface water for each Sentinel-1/2 scene. Clouds and cloud shadows are removed using ukis-csmask (see: https://github.com/dlr-eoc/ukis-csmask ) and are represented as NoData. The water extent extraction is based on convolutional neural networks (CNN). For further information, please see the following publications: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.05.022 and https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11192330

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Ozone (O3), Level 3 – Global

Ozone vertical column density in Dobson Units as derived from Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI observations. The stratospheric ozone layer protects the biosphere from harmful solar ultraviolet radiation. Ozone in troposphere can pose risks to the health of humans, animals, and vegetation. The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4). Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.

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