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SWIM Water Extent - Sentinel-1/2 - Daily

SWIM Water Extent is a global surface water product at 10 m pixel spacing based on Sentinel-1/2 data. The collection contains binary layers indicating open surface water for each Sentinel-1/2 scene. Clouds and cloud shadows are removed using ukis-csmask (see: https://github.com/dlr-eoc/ukis-csmask ) and are represented as NoData. The water extent extraction is based on convolutional neural networks (CNN). For further information, please see the following publications: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.05.022 and https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11192330

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Aerosol Layer Height (ALH), Level 3 – Global

Aerosols are an indicator for episodic aerosol plumes from dust outbreaks, volcanic ash, and biomass burning. Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The Aerosol layer height is provided in kilometres. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

WD 8 - 056/20 Zur Ermittlung von Treibhausgasemissionen außerhalb des Europäischen Emissionshandels

Kurzinformation des wissenschaftlichen Dienstes des Deutschen Bundestages. 2 Seiten. Auszug der ersten drei Seiten: Wissenschaftliche Dienste Kurzinformation Zur Ermittlung von Treibhausgasemissionen außerhalb des Europäischen Emissionshandels Deutschland ist aufgrund des Kyoto-Protokolls verpflichtet, jährlich Inventare über die nationalen Treibhausgasemissionen vorzulegen. Ergänzt werden diese Verpflichtungen durch europarechtliche Verpflichtungen (vgl. insbesondere die Verordnung (EU) Nr. 525/2013 vom 21. Mai 2013 über ein System für die Überwachung von Treibhausgasemissionen sowie für die Berichterstattung über diese Emissionen und über andere klimaschutzrelevante Informationen auf Ebene der Mitgliedstaaten und der Union). Die technischen und methodischen Standards für diese Berichterstattung sind insbesondere in ausführlichen und detailreichen Richtlinien des Weltklimarates (IPCC) aus dem Jahr 2006 (IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, verfügbar unter: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/2006-ipcc-guidelines-for-national-greenhouse-gas-inventories/) sowie in der im Rahmen der Klimarahmenkonvention angenommene Richtlinie zur Berichterstattung über jährliche Inventare (FCCC/CP/2013/10/Add.3) niedergelegt. Verfahrenstechnische Erläuterungen zur Inventarerstellung sowie methodische Hinweise zur Berechnung der THG-Emissionen in Deutschland und der genutzten Datenquellen enthalten die jährlichen Inventarberichte (siehe zuletzt den Bericht für das Jahr 2020, verfügbar unter: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/1410/publikationen/2020-04-15- climate-change_22-2020_nir_2020_de_0.pdf). Exemplarisch werden im Folgenden einige Grundlagen der Ermittlung der Treibhausgasemissionen dargestellt: Zuständige Stelle für die Erstellung des Treibhausgasinventars in Deutschland ist das Umweltbundesamt, das die verschiedenen Teilbereiche der Berichterstattung koordiniert (ausführlich zum Verfahren, Inventarbericht 2020, S. 77 ff). Die Emissionen werden nicht direkt bei den Emittenten gemessen, sondern mittelbar aus einer Reihe von Daten statistisch errechnet. Da es sich um ein statistisches Verfahren handelt, wird in der Berichterstattung jeweils die Unsicherheit des Gesamtinventars ausgewiesen. Eine der wichtigsten Datenquellen für die Erhebung der Emissionsmengen, auch in Sektoren, die nicht dem Emissionshandel unterliegen (sog. Nicht-ETS-Sektoren), sind die „Energiebilanzen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland“, die von der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (AGEB) herausgegeben werden. Sie beruhen überwiegend auf den amtlichen Statistiken des Statistischen Bundesamtes. Die Energiebilanz ermöglicht unter anderem eine Aufteilung nach Brennstoffen WD 8 - 3000 - 056/20 (23. September 2020) © 2020 Deutscher Bundestag Die Wissenschaftlichen Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages unterstützen die Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages bei ihrer mandatsbezogenen Tätigkeit. Ihre Arbeiten geben nicht die Auffassung des Deutschen Bundestages, eines seiner Organe oder der Bundestagsverwaltung wieder. Vielmehr liegen sie in der fachlichen Verantwortung der Verfasserinnen und Verfasser sowie der Fachbereichsleitung. Arbeiten der Wissenschaftlichen Dienste geben nur den zum Zeitpunkt der Erstellung des Textes aktuellen Stand wieder und stellen eine individuelle Auftragsarbeit für einen Abgeordneten des Bundestages dar. Die Arbeiten können der Geheimschutzordnung des Bundestages unterliegende, geschützte oder andere nicht zur Veröffentlichung geeignete Informationen enthalten. Eine beabsichtigte Weitergabe oder Veröffentlichung ist vorab dem jeweiligen Fachbereich anzuzeigen und nur mit Angabe der Quelle zulässig. Der Fachbereich berät über die dabei zu berücksichtigenden Fragen.[.. next page ..]Wissenschaftliche Dienste Kurzinformation Seite 2 Zur Ermittlung von Treibhausgasemissionen außerhalb des Europäischen Emissionshandels und Nutzungskategorien, so dass etwa auch der Wärmebedarf der privaten Haushalte erfasst wird. Die Energiebilanzen unterliegen der Qualitätssicherung und -kontrolle durch unabhängige Institutionen (vgl. Inventarbericht 2020, S. 102 f). Für die Erhebung der Emissionsdaten des Verkehrssektors werden neben der Energiebilanz auch die Amtlichen Mineralöldaten des Bundesamtes für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle und Zahlen des Mineralölwirtschaftsverbandes genutzt (vgl. Inventarbericht 2020, S. 103 f.). Für die Zusammenstellung von Daten des Landwirtschaftssektors ist das Thünen-Institut zuständig. In die Berechnungen fließen unter anderem die Bestandszahlen an Nutztieren und die in einem Jahr verkauften Düngermengen ein (vgl. Inventarbericht 2020, S. 108 f.). *** Fachbereich WD 8 Umwelt, Naturschutz, Reaktorsicherheit, Bildung und Forschung

HedgeRows - Bavaria, 2019-2021

Hedgerows play an important role in maintaining biodiversity, carbon sequestration, soil stability and the ecological integrity of agricultural landscapes. In this dataset, hedgerows are mapped for the whole of Bavaria. Orthophotos with a spatial resolution of 20 cm, taken in the period from 2019 to 2021, were used in a deep learning approach. Hedgerow polygons of the Bavarian in-situ biotope mapping from 5 districts (Miltenberg, Hassberge, Dillingen a.d. Donau, Freyung-Grafenau, Weilheim-Schongau) as well as other manually digitized polygons were used for training and testing as input into a DeepLabV3 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The CNN has a Resnet50 backbone and was optimized with the Dice loss as a cost function. The generated hedgerow probability tiles were post-processed by merging and averaging the overlapping tile boundaries, shape simplification and filtering. For more details, see Huber Garcia et al. (2025). The dataset has been created within the project FPCUP (https://www.copernicus-user-uptake.eu/) in close cooperation with Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt (LfU).

Water chemistry of Lagrangian samplings of Inland Elbe 2024 (MOSES Hydrological Extremes)

Within the framework of MOSES (Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems) and ElbeXtreme, we performed three longitudinal sampling campaigns in the Elbe catchment in 2024. The campaigns covered the German freshwater part, the tidal Elbe river, and the German Bight. Here we present the results of the freshwater river where the sampling was conducted in a Langrangian way according to flow velocity. Physico-chemical and biological parameters were measured along the Elbe from bridges between Bad Schandau (km 12, Czech-German border) and Lauenburg (km 570, close to Hamburg). A particular scientific focus was on (1) nutrients and eutrophication, (2) composition of dissolved organic matter measured by high-resolution mass spectrometry, (3) greenhouse gas measurements, and (4) micropollutants. This was done during a winter flood event in January, a summer drought in July, and a second smaller flood in September 2024.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Surface Nitrogendioxide (NO2), Level 4 – Regional (Germany and neighboring countries)

The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product displays the Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) near surface concentration for Germany and neighboring countries as derived from the POLYPHEMUS/DLR air quality model. Surface NO2 is mainly generated by anthropogenic sources, e.g. transport and industry. POLYPHEMUS/DLR is a state-of-the-art air quality model taking into consideration - meteorological conditions, - photochemistry, - anthropogenic and natural (biogenic) emissions, - TROPOMI NO2 observations for data assimilation. This Level 4 air quality product (surface NO2 at 15:00 UTC) is based on innovative algorithms, processors, data assimilation schemes and operational processing and dissemination chain developed in the framework of the INPULS project. The DLR project INPULS develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Ozone (O3), Level 3 – Global

Ozone vertical column density in Dobson Units as derived from Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI observations. The stratospheric ozone layer protects the biosphere from harmful solar ultraviolet radiation. Ozone in troposphere can pose risks to the health of humans, animals, and vegetation. The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4). Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Cloud Optical Thickness (COT), Level 3 – Global

This product displays the Cloud Optical Thickness (COT) around the globe. Clouds play a crucial role in the Earth's climate system and have significant effects on trace gas retrievals. The cloud optical thickness is retrieved from the O2-A band using the ROCINN algorithm. The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4). Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Cloud Fraction (CF), Level 3 – Global

Global Cloud Fraction (CF). Clouds play a crucial role in the Earth's climate system and have significant effects on trace gas retrievals. The radiometric cloud fraction is retrieved from the UV using the OCRA algorithm. Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4). Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Cloud-Top Height (CTH), Level 3 – Global

Global Cloud-Top Height (CTH) as derived from the Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI instrument. Clouds play a crucial role in the Earth's climate system and have significant effects on trace gas retrievals. The cloud-top height is retrieved from the O2-A band using the ROCINN algorithm. Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4). Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.

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