Unterlagen, die erkennen lassen, welche Prüfstellen die Emissionsberichte welcher Unternehmen im Emissionhandelssystem gemäß § 5 Abs. 2 TEHG und § 7 Abs. 3 BEHG verifizieren sowie alle Überwachungspläne, Prüfberichte, Emissionsberichte und sonstige Anträge nach TEHG oder BEHG, die der DEHSt zum Unternehmen BASF vorliegen.
Global Cloud-Top Height (CTH) as derived from the Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI instrument. Clouds play a crucial role in the Earth's climate system and have significant effects on trace gas retrievals. The cloud-top height is retrieved from the O2-A band using the ROCINN algorithm. Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4). Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.
Im Jahr 2024 sind vorläufig insgesamt Treibhausgasemissionen von 179 Millionen Tonnen CO 2 -Äquivalenten (CO 2eq ) ermittelt worden. Die Emissionen sind im Vergleich zum Vorjahr um 8,9 Millionen Tonnen CO 2eq bzw. 4,7 Prozent gesunken. Demnach liegen die Emissionen im Berichtsjahr 2024 um rund 51 Prozent niedriger als 1990. 64,9 Millionen Tonnen CO 2-eq wurden im Jahr 2024 in Nordrhein-Westfalen in der Energiewirtschaft freigesetzt. Im Vergleich zum Vorjahr sind das 7,2 Millionen Tonnen CO 2-eq weniger. Der Sektor Energie verzeichnet somit eine Reduktion der Treibhausgasemissionen um rund zehn Prozent gegenüber 2023. Im Bundesdurchschnitt sind die Emissionen des Sektors Energiewirtschaft laut Umweltbundesamt im gleichen Zeitraum um 8,7 Prozent gesunken. Auf Bundes- und Landesebene trägt dieser Sektor damit erneut den größten Anteil zur Emissionsminderung bei. Das Umweltbundesamt führt die gesunkenen Emissionen in der Energiewirtschaft hauptsächlich darauf zurück, dass weniger Strom und Wärme aus emissionsintensiven Stein- und Braunkohlen erzeugt wird. Emissionsmindernd wirkt sich laut Umweltbundesamt zudem der Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien, und hier besonders der Photovoltaik, aus. Mit einem Anteil von 57 Prozent an der Bruttostromerzeugung waren die erneuerbaren Energien im Jahr 2024 bundesweit die wichtigste heimische Energiequelle. Für den Sektor Verkehr gibt das Umweltbundesamt für 2024 deutschlandweit um 1,4 Prozent niedrigere Treibhausgasemissionen als im Vorjahr an. Diese Reduktion wird nahezu vollständig im Straßenverkehr erbracht. Obwohl die Fahrleistung im Berichtsjahr 2024 gestiegen ist, konnte durch mehr Elektrofahrzeuge und effizientere Fahrzeuge der Kraftstoffverbrauch gesenkt werden. Nach Angaben des Kraftfahrzeugbundesamtes hat sich der Bestand an Elektrofahrzeugen in Nordrhein-Westfalen zwischen dem 01.01.2024 und dem 01.01.2025 um 20 Prozent erhöht. Dadurch ist von einem Rückgang der Treibhausgasemissionen um circa 500.000 Tonnen auf 27,7 Millionen Tonnen CO 2-eq auszugehen. Im Flugverkehr sind in Nordrhein-Westfalen im Jahr 2024 die Passagierzahlen um sechs Prozent gestiegen. Das führt zu etwa einem Prozent höheren Emissionen im Vergleich zu 2023. Die Daten für Nordrhein-Westfalen decken sich beim Flugverkehr mit den bundesweiten Erhebungen. Die Emissionen im Sektor Industrie sind nach vorläufigen Erhebungen im Jahr 2024 um 1,2 Prozent nur leicht gesunken. Dabei sind die Tendenzen in den Branchen unterschiedlich. Hohe Energiepreise setzen weiterhin vor allem die energieintensiven Wirtschaftszweige unter Druck. Dadurch ging teilweise die Produktion zurück. Außerdem wurden in der Industrie weniger fossile Brennstoffe eingesetzt. In der Chemie-, Papier- sowie Eisen und Stahl-Industriesind die Emissionen um ein bis vier Prozent gesunken. Dem gegenüber verzeichnen die Nahrungsmittelbranche und die Verarbeitung von Mineralen und Nichteisenmetallen vier bis sechs Prozent höhere Emissionen. Das Umweltbundesamt hat deutschlandweit für den Sektor Haushalte und Kleinverbraucher eine Emissionsminderung von 2,3 Prozent ermittelt. Auf Nordrhein-Westfalen übertragen entspricht diese Entwicklung einer vorläufigen Emissionsminderung von rund 500.000 Tonnen CO 2eq gegenüber dem Jahr 2023. Ein Grund für die geringeren Treibhausgasemissionen aus privaten Haushalten ist der geringere Heizbedarf aufgrund der milden Witterung. Weitere Gründe sind die Einspar- und Substitutionsbemühungen der Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher aufgrund gestiegener Energiepreise. Geringe bis keine Änderungen werden für die Bereiche Abfall, Landwirtschaft und flüchtige Emissionen aus Brennstoffen angenommen. Im aktuellen Treibhausgas-Emissionsinventar veröffentlicht das Landesamt für Natur, Umwelt und Klima das abschließende Inventar für das Jahr 2023 sowie vorläufige Daten für das Jahr 2024. Die vorläufigen Erhebungen stützen sich auf bisher vorliegende Daten, insbesondere aus dem Emissionshandel. Welche Gase sind klimarelevant und was sind CO 2 -Äquivalene (CO 2eq )? Das Treibhausgas-Emissionsinventar Nordrhein-Westfalen orientiert sich an den Vorgaben des Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2006, 2019). Die Treibhausgase Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO 2 ), Methan (CH 4 ), Distickstoffoxid (Lachgas, N 2 O), Schwefelhexafluorid (SF 6 ,), Stickstofftrifluorid (NF 3 ) und die Gruppen der teilfluorierten Kohlenwasserstoffe (HFC) und perfluorierten Kohlenwasserstoffe (PFC) werden darin für die IPCC-Sektoren Energie, Industrieprozesse, Landwirtschaft, Abfall und Sonstige dokumentiert. Die einzelnen Gase haben eine unterschiedliche Klimawirkung. Methan hat beispielweise eine 28mal höhere Klimaschädlichkeit als CO 2 . Die Treibhausgasemissionen werden in Millionen Tonnen CO 2 -Äquivalente (CO 2eq ) angegeben. Die Freisetzung einer Tonne Methan entspricht somit 28 Tonnen CO 2eq . Treibhausgas-Emissionsinventar NRW: https://www.lanuk.nrw.de/themen/klima/klimaschutz/treibhausgasemissionen Informationen des Umweltbundesamtes: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/daten/klima/treibhausgas-emissionen-in-deutschland#emissionsentwicklun g zurück
To investigate subsurface features in the Lower Havel River floodplain, we conducted Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) transects and Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) surveys at three different depths in 2023 and 2024. These near surface geophysical methods were complemented by 24 driving core drillings to relate the electrical properties with sedimentological characteristics. Additionally, five selected sediment cores were used for subsequent geochemical lab analyses (grain size, CNS, TOC, TIC). Electromagnetic induction (EMI) was measured with a CMD-Mini Explorer (GF Instruments s.r.o., Brno, Czech Republic) in June 2023 and June 2024. We used the vertical dipole (VDP) at coil spacings of 0.32 m (VDP1), 0.71 m (VDP2) and 1.18 m (VDP3), archieving effective penetration depths of 0.5 m (VDP1), 1.0 m (VDP2) and 1.8 m (VDP3). According to the manufacturer, 70% of the signal originate from above these depths. The EMI sensors measure the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa, in mS/m). Measurements were taken by carrying the instrument about 0.2 m above ground while being directly connected to D-GPS (Leica GPS1200) for positioning. The acquisition rate was five measurements per second. Data quality was checked by measuring a reference line before and after each measurement. The area investigated by EMI in June 2023 is located to the north and northeast of the Gülpe research station. It has a total area of 12.3 ha. The reference line was located in the southern part of the study area. No drift correction had to be applied due to good data quality. Reference lines and single outliers were removed. The area investigated by EMI in June 2024 is located southeast of the research station. The survey area there is 8.1 ha in size. The reference line for the measurements there was located in the north-westernmost area of the site. No drift correction had to be applied due to good data quality. Reference lines and single outliers were removed. The Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) data were acquired by using a PC controlled DC resistivity meter system (RESECS, Geoserve, Kiel, Germany). In total, we measured four ERT transects. Two transects in June 2023, where transect 1 had a total length of 259 m with an electrode spacing of 0.5 m and transect 2 had a total length of 223 m with an electrode spacing of 1 m. The measurements in 2023 were carried out under extreme dry conditions. Two further transects were measured in June 2024 with an electrode spacing of 1m, transect 3 with a total length of 207 m and transect 4 with a total length of 239 m. We applied wenner alpha and dipol-dipol configuration. The coordinates and the height of the electrodes were measured with a D-GPS (2023: TOPCON HiPer II / 2024: Leica GPS1200). Sediment cores were recovered using a hand-held Cobra Pro (Atlas Copco) core drilling system with a 60 mm diameter open corer. One-meter segments were retrieved and assessed in the field for sedimentological features, including estimations of grain size, carbonate content, humus content, and redox features (AG Boden 2005, 2024). Colour descriptions were carried out using the Munsell Soil Color Chart. The exact positions of the drilling points were recorded using a differential GPS device (TOPCON HiPer II). The cores were photographed, documented and sampled at 5–10 cm intervals for subsequent laboratory analyses. Bulk samples from five selected cores (RK1, RK3, RK13, RK15, RK17) were freeze-dried, sieved (2 mm), and weighed. Total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and total sulfur (TS) contents were measured using a CNS analyzer (Vario EL cube, Elementar). Inorganic carbon (TIC) was determined using calcimeter measurements (Scheibler method, Eijkelkamp). Organic carbon (TOC) was calculated as TOC = TC − TIC. For the grain size analyses, sediment samples were first sieved to <2 mm and subsamples of 10 g were treated with 50 ml of 35% hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and gently heated to remove organic matter. Following this, 10 ml of 0.4 N sodium pyrophosphate solution (Na₄P₂O₇) was added to disperse the particles, and the suspension was subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 45 minutes. The sand fraction was analysed by dry sieving and classified into four size classes: coarse sand (2000–630 µm), medium sand (630–200 µm), fine sand (200–125 µm), and very fine sand (125–63 µm). Finer fractions were determined using X-ray granulometry (XRG) with a SediGraph III 5120 (Micromeritics). These included coarse silt (63–20 µm), medium silt (20–6.3 µm), fine silt (6.3–2.0 µm), coarse clay (2.0–0.6 µm), medium clay (0.6–0.2 µm), and fine clay (<0.2 µm).
The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product displays the Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) near surface concentration for Germany and neighboring countries as derived from the POLYPHEMUS/DLR air quality model. Surface NO2 is mainly generated by anthropogenic sources, e.g. transport and industry. POLYPHEMUS/DLR is a state-of-the-art air quality model taking into consideration - meteorological conditions, - photochemistry, - anthropogenic and natural (biogenic) emissions, - TROPOMI NO2 observations for data assimilation. This Level 4 air quality product (surface NO2 at 15:00 UTC) is based on innovative algorithms, processors, data assimilation schemes and operational processing and dissemination chain developed in the framework of the INPULS project. The DLR project INPULS develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.
This product displays the Cloud Optical Thickness (COT) around the globe. Clouds play a crucial role in the Earth's climate system and have significant effects on trace gas retrievals. The cloud optical thickness is retrieved from the O2-A band using the ROCINN algorithm. The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4). Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.
SWIM Water Extent is a global surface water product at 10 m pixel spacing based on Sentinel-1/2 data. The collection contains binary layers indicating open surface water for each Sentinel-1/2 scene. Clouds and cloud shadows are removed using ukis-csmask (see: https://github.com/dlr-eoc/ukis-csmask ) and are represented as NoData. The water extent extraction is based on convolutional neural networks (CNN). For further information, please see the following publications: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.05.022 and https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11192330
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