Das Projekt "Entwicklung von Vorgaben / Kriterien für Industrie und Behörden zur Risikobewertung von Gemischen; Angleichung der Risikobewertung von Gemischen an die Risikobewertung von Einzelstoffen unter REACH" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit (BMU), Umweltbundesamt (UBA). Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Ökopol Institut für Ökologie und Politik GmbH.Der überwiegende Anteil der in die Umwelt emittierten Chemikalien wird nicht als Einzelstoff sondern als Gemisch vermarktet. Im Rahmen der EU-Chemikalien-Verordnung REACH ist eine Risikobewertung für Einzelstoffe durchzuführen. Seitens der Europäischen Chemikalienagentur (ECHA) existieren bisher jedoch keine Vorgaben/Kriterien für die Risikobewertung von Gemischen. Deshalb leitet die Industrie derzeit einen Bewertungsansatz ab, bei dem sich die Risikobewertung des Gemisches auf die 'gefährlichste' Komponente beschränkt (DPD+ Methode). Grundlage der Identifizierung der 'gefährlichsten' Komponente ist die Einstufung der Einzelstoffe. Die Einstufungen für den Umweltbereich gründen jedoch lediglich auf Informationen zu Wirkungen im aquatischen Kompartiment. Andere Umweltkompartimente (Boden, Luft, Sediment, Grundwasser) und Eigenschaften wie Bakterientoxizität, Hinweise auf endokrine Wirkungen, etc., die entsprechend der REACH-Verordnung gleichrangig zu prüfen sind und die in die Risikobewertung der Einzelstoffe einfließen, bleiben im Bewertungsansatz der Industrie für Gemische unberücksichtigt. Mit diesem Forschungsprojekt wird der Bewertungsansatz der Industrie (DPD+ Methode) überprüft und Hinweise auf Unzulänglichkeiten in der Methode geliefert. Im Ergebnis sollen Empfehlungen für Veränderungen und Weiterentwicklungsbedarf der DPD+ Methode gegeben werden. Das Ziel ist, bei der Risikobewertung von Gemischen durch die Unternehmen alle Eintragspfade in die Umwelt zu berücksichtigen und einen Verlust an Informationen für die Verwender von Gemischen zu verhindern.
Das Projekt "Models for Assessing and Forecasting the Impact of Environmental Key Pollutants on Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems and Biodiversity - MODELKEY, Models for Assessing and Forecasting the Impact of Environmental Key Pollutants on Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems and Biodiversity - MODELKEY" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH.MODELKEY comprises a mulitdisciplinary approach aiming at developing interlinked and verified predictive modelling tools as well as state-of-the-art effect-assessment and analytical methods generally applicable to European freshwater and marine ecosystems: 1) to assess, forecast, and mitigate the risks of traditional and recently evolving pollutants on fresh water and marine ecosystems and their biodiversity at a river basin and adjacent marine environment scale, 2) to provide early warning strategies on the basis of sub-lethal effects in vitro and in vivo, 3) to provide a better understanding of cause-effect-relationships between changes in biodiversity and the ecological status, as addressed by the Water Framework Directive, and the impact of environmental pollution as causative factor, 4) to provide methods for state-of-the-art risk assessment and decision support systems for the selection of the most efficient management options to prevent effects on biodiversity and to prioritise contamination sources and contaminated sites, 5) to strengthen the scientific knowledge on an European level in the field of impact assessment of environmental pollution on aquatic eco-systems and their biodiversity by extensive training activities and knowledge dissemination to stakeholders and the scientific community. This goal shall be achieved by combining innovative predictive tools for modelling exposure on a river basin scale including the estuary and the coastal zone, for modelling effects on higher levels of biological organisation with powerful assessment tools for the identification of key modes of action, key toxicants and key parameters determining exposure. The developed tools will be verified in case studies representing European key areas including Mediterranean, Western and Central European river basins. An end-user-directed decision support system will be provided for cost-effective tool selection and appropriate risk and site prioritisation.
Das Projekt "A Regional Model for Integrated Water Management in Twinned River Basins (RIVERTWIN), Sub project: University Innsbruck" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Landwirtschaftliche Betriebslehre.The project 'RIVERTWIN' aims in adjusting, testing and implementing an integrated regional model for the strategic planning of water resources management in twinned river basins under contrasting ecological, social and economic conditions. The regional model will take into account the impacts of demographic trends, economic and technological development, the effects of global climate and land use changes on the availability and quality of water bodies in humid temperate, subhumid tropical as well as semiarid regions. The existing integration framework will be first tested in a European river basin with high data availability and data density. The Transferability of the model to other regions with different economic level, ecological standards and with low data availability will be jointly tested by the project team and river basin organisations in two river basins in Westafrica and Uzbekistan. Here, the problem of adequate human resources and the uncertainties of input data for the implementation of computer based decision suppport tools will be addressed. Capacity building through training of end users supports the transfer of the research results into application. In cooperation with stakeholders and potential users integrated scenarios of economic growth, land use and climate change will be developed and the model will be used to assess the implications for water management under the respective scenario assumptions. The twinning of river basins will promote mutual transfer of know-how and technology between European and Third countries. Based on the results, river basin management plans can be prepared. Through its holistic basin wide approach, the project contributes to the EU water directive, the Millennium Goals defined by the WSSD and the EU water initiative for Africa and Newly Independent States.
Das Projekt "Vergleichende Bewertung von Epoxidharzen - Teil A: Entwicklung eines Rankingsystems für Epoxidharze" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Forschungs- und Beratungsinstitut Gefahrstoffe GmbH (FoBiG).Berufliche Tätigkeiten mit Epoxidharzsystemen, z. B. in der Bauwirtschaft, können zu erheblichen gesundheitlichen Schäden führen. Insbesondere ist das sensibilisierende Potential zu beachten. Je nach spezifischer Zusammensetzung ist das Risiko für Erkrankungen unterschiedlich. Diese Differenzierung in der gesundheitlichen Bedenklichkeit kommt jedoch in der Kennzeichnung der gefährlichen Eigenschaften von Epoxidharzsystemen nicht zum Ausdruck. Aus diesem Grunde wurde ein Rankingsystem entwickelt, das eine Auswahl unter gesundheitlichen Gesichtspunkten ermöglichen soll, wobei ein niedriges sensibilisierendes Potential ein Hauptkriterium darstellt. Hierfür soll eine Liste erstellt werden, in der die relative sensibilisierende Wirkstärke zahlreicher Substanzen vermerkt ist, die in Harzen, Beschleunigern oder Härtern eingesetzt werden ('Ranking Parameter Liste für Epoxidharz-Inhaltsstoffe'). Die Wirkstärke wird z. B. im Maus-Lymphknotentest (LLNA) experimentell erfasst, kann aber auch durch substanzspezifische Auswertung weiterer Testbefunde abgeschätzt werden. Zusammen mit dieser Liste, dem Sicherheitsdatenblatt und den darin ausgewiesenen Mengenangaben (Stoffmenge in der Zubereitung) wird eine Risikokennziffer abgeleitet, die für das Ranking alternativer Epoxidharzsysteme heranzuziehen ist. Der vorliegende Bericht dokumentiert die Methodik für ein solches Ranking und erläutert das Vorgehen mit zahlreichen Beispielen. Es handelt sich dabei um ein pragmatisches Vorgehen, das eine gesundheitsbasierte Prioritätssetzung und Produktauswahl ermöglicht, jedoch aufgrund der beschränkten Kenntnisse über die toxikologische Wirkungsweise komplexer Gemische und aufgrund der nicht genau erfassbaren Expositionsbedingungen nur orientierenden Charakter besitzt. Andere vorliegende Rankingsysteme für Epoxidharzsysteme werden vergleichend eingeordnet.
Das Projekt "FP6-SUSTDEV, Reduction, modification and valorisation of sludge (REMOVALS)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Verfahrenstechnik, Fachgebiet Verfahrenstechnik I.The adoption of the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive 91/271/EEC imposes the sewage sludge to be subsequently treated so it is expected by 2005 to increase twofold in comparison whit 1992. However, classical incineration to treat this vast amount of sludge must be no longer accepted from an environmental point of view. In addition, the Sewage Sludge Directive 86/278/EEC regulates the uses and properties of stabilised sludge for being either recycled or disposed. Both directives drive specific actions in two complementary ways. Firstly, a deep knowledge of current sludge treatment, such as mesophilic, thermophilic or autothermophilic processes, must be promoted to solve that problem in the UE ambit, taking in account the particular considerations of each treatment facility. In second place, the development of new processes must be supported to open new alternatives that could valorise that waste.The proposal aims at developing strategies for the disposal and reuse of waste sludge. The scope envisages to develop several processes for reducing both amount and toxicity of sludge, with simultaneous transformation into green energy vectors such as methane or hydrogen. In outline, mesophilic and mainly thermophilic and autothermophilic conditions will be deeply explored as classical alternatives for sludge stabilisation, assuring sanitary conditions of the treated sludge. Also, valuable materials will be obtained from sludge, such as activated carbons, which will be used in conventional adsorption processes and in innovative advanced oxidation processes.The main outcomes expected at the end of the projects are guidelines for technology selection in agreement with the geographic, economic and technical characteristics of the sewage plants, demonstration of the feasibility of new applications for the sewage sludge, manufacturing of activated carbon from sludge sewage as innovative recycling of sludge waste, and a deep understanding of the methods involved. Prime Contractor: Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
Das Projekt "SO2 IN AIR" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Messer-Griesheim GmbH.Community Directive 80/779/EEC specifies maximum permissible levels of sulphur dioxide in the ambient air. Intercomparisons organized by DG XI in support of the implementation of this Directive have shown differences in excess of 10 percent between central laboratories and in excess of 30 percent between network monitors. The aim of the project was to improve the analytical technique and agreement between results. STATUS: In the first intercomparison the values obtained ranged from 78 to 94 nmol/mol. In the final stage the sampling procedure had been improved (dead volume minimised, length of sampling line minimised, sufficient equilibration time). All laboratories agreed to within a range of 4 nmol/mol. Prime Contractor: L'Air Liquide Belge, Schelle, BE.
Das Projekt "FP6-POLICIES, Background Criteria for the Identification of Groundwater Thresholds (BRIDGE)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Energieforschung, Systemforschung und Technologische Entwicklung (IEF-STE) GmbH.The Commission proposal of Groundwater Directive COM(2003)550 developed under Article 17 of the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) sets out criteria for the assessment of the chemical status of groundwater, which is based on existing Community quality standards (nitrates, pesticides and biocides) and on the requirement for Member States to identify pollutants and threshold values that are representative of groundwater bodies found as being at risk, in accordance with the analysis of pressures and impacts carried out under the WFD. In the light of the above, the objectives of BRIDGE are: i) to study and gather scientific outputs which could be used to set out criteria for the assessment of the chemical status of groundwater, ii) to derive a plausible general approach, how to structure relevant criteria appropriately with the aim to set representative groundwater threshold values scientifically sound and defined at national river basin district or groundwater body level, iii) to check the applicability and validity by means of case studies at European scale, iv) to undertake additional research studies to complete the available data, v) and to carry out an environmental impact assessment taking into account the economic and social impacts. The project shall be carried out at European level, involving a range of stakeholders and efficiently linking the scientific and policy-making communities. Considering the requirement of the diary of the Groundwater Daughter Directive proposal, which implies that groundwater pollutants and related threshold values should be identified before December 2005 and listed by June 2006, the duration of the project should be 24 months. In that way the proposed research will contribute to provide research elements that will be indispensable for preparing discussions on further steps of the future Groundwater Directive. Prime Contractor: Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres, Service Analyse et Caracterisation Minerale, Paris FR
Das Projekt "VALIUM subproject 3- Tracer Experiments within an Urban Street Canyon - Field Measurements for Establishing a Validation Data Set" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Ingenieurbüro Lohmeyer GmbH & Co. KG.Objectives: The EU Air Quality Directives include air pollutant dispersion models as instruments of environmental politics. The quality of the models needs to be guaranteed. One part of the control process is the validation, a comparison of the modelled results with especially designed and acquired, trustworthy reference data sets from field and wind tunnel experiments. Activities: Air pollutants and meteorological parameters are measured continuously by in situ stations at different sites within Goettinger street in Hanover and its vicinity. Apart from these long-term measurements three intensive measurement campaigns are planned with additional tracer experiments. In August 2001 and August 2002 tracer experiments have been executed. A line source consisting of 8 pipe sections with a total length of about 96 m has been installed on the median of Goettinger Strasse. A mixture of the tracer gas SF6 and air, monitored by flow controllers, has been released from openings regularely spaced along the pipes. The source has been operated with a sufficient overpressure to avoid a feedback of external pressure fluctuations on the source strength and distribution. At 12 positions within the street canyon and on the roof of a nearby building, air samples have been collected simultaneously for at least 5 hours. Every 30 minutes a sampling bag has been started to be filled by the sampling equipment at each position. Afterwards, the 30 minutes averaged samples have been analysed on SF6 in the laboratory. Results: The experimental layout had been tested in August 2001. With minor reservations it also passed the second measurement campaign in August 2002 successful. The results of both campaigns exist now. As far as they have been scrutinized they show plausible distributions of the concentrations in the street area such as the typical windward-leeward-effect for street canyons. The influence of traffic induced turbulence and advection of the concentration field along the street by the traffic seems to be significant because the concentration field is shifted according to the direction of the motion of the traffic. Further measurements will be carried out in October 2002 and March 2003 to test and to corroborate that hypothesis and to complete the validation data set.
Das Projekt "FP6-POLICIES, Assessment of Air Pollution Effects on Cultural Heritage - Management Strategies (CULT-STRAT)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Umweltbundesamt.CULT-STRAT will establish a scientific reference for developing strategies for policy and decision-makers on European and national levels within the CAFE Programme and for heritage managers for strategic decisions at local level. It will do this through a choice of material indicators and pollution threshold levels based on best available scientific data including deterioration models, spatial distribution and mapping of pollutants and of stock of materials at risk, cost estimates, comparison studies off different conservation approaches. Damage caused to objects of cultural heritage belongs to the most serious among the detrimental effects of anthropogenic air pollutants as it endangers a vital part of the European identity. There is therefore an urgent need to include the impact of pollutants on cultural heritage alongside the human health and parts of the ecosystem that are already concerned in the EU Directives on urban air quality. This is especially relevant for the CAFE (Clean Air for Europe) programme of the Commission and the Community interventions through the 'Culture 2000' framework programme and the structural funds. The overall aim is to identify material indicators and threshold levels of pollutants to be used for development of strategies for sustainable maintenance and preventive conservation of European cultural heritage and air quality policy to reduce damage. The models will permit ranking of the effects of pollutants on corrosion and soiling of materials. The air pollution models will be related to local fluxes, including indoor concentrations. The stock of cultural heritage materials at risk in selected areas (Paris, Rome, Florence, Prague, Madrid, and Berlin) will be used for assessment and mapping of areas where cultural heritage objects are endangered. Prime Contractor: Korrosionsinstitutet Sci AB, R&D Department Atmospheric Corrosion, Stockholm SE.
Das Projekt "Sustainable management of soil and groundwater under the pressure of soil pollution and soil contamination" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft Österreich.Aiming at solution and prevention of actual and future environmental problems, EU policy resulted in many Directives concerning water and soil. Moreover, the Commission of the European Communities composed a paper 'Toward a Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection' and set up a tight time schedule. Despite of above mentioned legislative efforts an effective EU-wide approach to the problem of site remediation and groundwater contamination is hindered by a number of problems described by the CLARINET Working Group on Co-ordination of RTD on an European level: There is little synergy at EU level between national and EU RTD programmes, leading to a serious overlap of research projects and parallel expenditures and less efficient use of limited resources. The broad dissemination of project results through national RTD programmes at an European level is very modest and fragmented. percent These are the starting points of SNOWMAN-Era-Net: What do we HAVE? The consortium will produce a sound overview on programmes and their contents and management in the field specified. A database containing all relevant information will be produced and analysed. What do we WANT? A Vision Paper will define the goal of European research activities in this specific field of environmental research. How can we GET co-operation NOW? ? Specification of next steps, short- and medium-term, preparing ground in order to reach the overall goal of ERANET, i.e. to implement and conduct a research programme on bi-/multilateral level throughout Europe. Suitable tools (like uniform evaluation criteria etc.) will be developed in Working group meetings and collected within a summary report. Knowledge dissemination will be supported by a close linkage with the EUGRIS project. On this portal, all findings produced within SNOWMAN will be published and made available to a wider community. On interpersonal level, networking with the European Soil Policy Working Group or Cost activities will be maintained.
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