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Multi-frequency, multi-constellation, GNSS observations at low-cost tectonic GNSS stations in Greece

The TectoVision GNSS network in Greece was set up using European Research Council funding in partnership between German and Greek institutions. The project aims to deepen our understanding of suspected microplate motions in Greece. A total of 72 GNSS stations are planned for the TectoVision network. Two types of GNSS station equipment is used, reflected by the 4 character station ID. Stations with ID beginning with 'TT' were installed using the tinyBlack receiver. The stations with ID beginning 'TM' were set up using the Minimum Cost GNSS System (MCGS) design. RINEX (v3.05 as of May 2024) data at 30 seconds sampling interval are provided. Most of the data are sent over mobile internet via routers that are connected to the receivers via LAN cable. If required, the RINEX files can be converted to other versions using the GFZ software GFZRNX (Nischan, 2016). Raw observation data can be made available upon specific request. Hardware: The GFZ developed tinyBlack receiver combines cost efficient L2C GNSS receivers (here Swiftnav Piksi) with PC-based data logger package, internal storage, and interfaces. The control software is designed for remote operation ensuring long-term continuous tracking. The tinyBlack receivers provided by the GFZ spin-off maRam UG (Germany) are installed in combination with Harxon GPS500 survey antennas. The tinyBlack stations provide GPS (L1/L2), GLONASS (G1/G2), and Galileo (E1/E5b) data. The low-cost MCGS stations are coming in 2 versions from a GNSS technology transfer project at GFZ. Both versions operate a ublox F9P receiver and an integrated chip-antenna with a pyramidal antenna radome. One version provides GPS (L1/L2), Glonass (G1/G2), Galileo (E1/E5b) and also Beidou (B1/B2) data. The other version (currently only 3 systems installed) is designed for low power operation in remote areas with data telemetry over a narrrow bandwidth radio link. This version delivers only GPS (L1/L2) data without doppler observations at a reduced data rate of 60 seconds. Monumentation: There is a variety of monumentation for these stations, with the design of the monumentation being low-cost. Most are connected to a thread that is attached to a stainless steel pin which is glued into masonry or bedrock. Most sites are installed on rooftops of public buildings. The MCGS is sometimes clamped to an existing sturdy pole connected to the roof of the building. Some stations are connected to an extending stainless-steel arm that we have drilled into the side of a building. Photos of the station are provided with the standard GNSS station log-files (as metadata). If the instrumentation at existing monuments is later changed to other hardware types, the station ID retain the original TT and TM 4-character IDs. Metadata: Station-specific metadata records are stored in IGS sitelog files available via ftp.

GFZ GNSS-derived precipitable water vapor for climate reference network GRUAN

The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Reference Upper Air Network (GRUAN, https://www.gruan.org/ ) of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is an international observing network, designed to meet climate requirements. Upper air observations within the GRUAN network will provide long-term high-quality climate records. A GNSS receiver is part of the GRUAN station equipment with highest priority for measuring of atmospheric water vapor. GRUAN observations are intended to provide long-term high-quality data for the reliable determination of climatological trends and to provide further insight into atmospheric processes. Precise GNSS data analysis is a key to reach data quality on the highest level. Due to its long-term experience in GNSS data processing, GFZ was selected as a Central GRUAN GNSS Data Processing Centre. This data publicatoion includes the GRUAN Data Product (GDP) of GFZ: GNSS Precipitable Water (PW).

GFZ GNSS-derived tropospheric data products (rapid)

The GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) acts as an operational analysis center of the EUMETNET EIG GNSS water vapour programme (E-GVAP, https://egvap.dmi.dk/). GFZ provides all types of tropospheric products in near-real time in three processing lines: ultra-rapid (E-GVAP solution ID is GF1U), rapid (GF1R), and global (GF1G). The rapid solution series is published hourly with a delay of around 25 minutes after the end of each hour. Operational tropospheric products of GFZ included in this data publication are: (1) Zenith Total Delays (ZTD), Integrated Water Vapor (IWV); (2) Tropospheric gradients in North and East directions; (3) Slant Total Delays (STD)

GFZ GNSS-derived tropospheric data products (global)

The GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) acts as an operational analysis center of the EUMETNET EIG GNSS water vapour programme (E-GVAP, https://egvap.dmi.dk/). GFZ provides all types of tropospheric products in near-real time in three processing lines: ultra-rapid (E-GVAP solution ID is GF1U), rapid (GF1R), and global (GF1G). The global solution series is published hourly with a delay of around 50 minutes after the end of each hour. Operational tropospheric products of GFZ included in this data publication are: (1) Zenith Total Delays (ZTD), Integrated Water Vapor (IWV); (2) Tropospheric gradients in North and East directions; (3) Slant Total Delays (STD)

GFZ GNSS-derived tropospheric data products (ultra-rapid)

The GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) acts as an operational analysis center of the EUMETNET EIG GNSS water vapour programme (E-GVAP, https://egvap.dmi.dk/). GFZ provides all types of tropospheric products in near-real time in three processing lines: ultra-rapid (E-GVAP solution ID is GF1U), rapid (GF1R), and global (GF1G). The ultra-rapid solution series is published hourly with a delay of around 15 minutes after the end of each hour. Operational tropospheric products of GFZ included in this data publication are: (1) Zenith Total Delays (ZTD), Integrated Water Vapor (IWV); (2) Tropospheric gradients in North and East directions; (3) Slant Total Delays (STD)

GFZ SAC-C Rapid Science Orbits (version 1)

This dataset provides Rapid Science Orbits (RSO) from the Low Earth Orbiter (LEO) satellite SAC-C. It is part of the compilation of GFZ RSO products for various LEO missions and the appropriate GNSS constellation in sp3 format. The individual solutions for each satellite mission are published with individual DOI as part of the compilation (Schreiner et al., 2022). • The SAC-C RSO cover the period from 2000 202 to 2010 247 The LEO RSOs in version 1 are generated based on the 24-hour GPS RSOs in two pieces for the actual day with arc lengths of 14 hours and overlaps of 2 hours. One starting at 22:00 and ending at 12:00, one starting at 10:00 and ending at 24:00. For day overlapping arcs two 24h GNSS constellations are concatenated. The accuracy of the LEO RSOs is at the level of 1-2 cm in terms of SLR validation. Each solution in version 1 is given in the Conventional Terrestrial Reference System (CTS) based on the IERS 2003 conventions and related to the ITRF-2008 reference frame. The exact time covered by an arc is defined in the header of the files and indicated as well as in the filename.

GFZ TerraSAR-X Rapid Science Orbits (version 2)

This dataset provides Rapid Science Orbits (RSO) from the Low Earth Orbiter (LEO) satellite TerraSAR-X. It is part of the compilation of GFZ RSO products for various LEO missions and the appropriate GNSS constellation in sp3 format. The individual solutions for each satellite mission are published with individual DOI as part of the compilation (Schreiner et al., 2022). • The TerraSAR-X RSO cover the period - from 2007 264 to up-to-date The LEO RSOs in version 2 are generated based on the 30-hour GPS RSOs in two pieces for the actual day with arc lengths of 14 hours and overlaps of 2 hours. One starting at 22:00 and ending at 12:00, one starting at 10:00 and ending at 24:00. Due to the extended length of the constellation, there is no need to concatenate several constellations for day-overlapping arcs. The accuracy of the LEO RSOs is at the level of 1-2 cm in terms of SLR validation. Each solution in version 2 is given in the Conventional Terrestrial Reference System (CTS) based on the IERS 2010 conventions and related to the ITRF-2014 reference frame. The exact time covered by an arc is defined in the header of the files and indicated as well as in the filename.

GFZ GNSS-derived precipitable water vapor for climate reference network GRUAN

The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Reference Upper Air Network (GRUAN, https://www.gruan.org/ ) of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is an international observing network, designed to meet climate requirements. Upper air observations within the GRUAN network will provide long-term high-quality climate records. A GNSS receiver is part of the GRUAN station equipment with highest priority for measuring of atmospheric water vapor. GRUAN observations are intended to provide long-term high-quality data for the reliable determination of climatological trends and to provide further insight into atmospheric processes. Precise GNSS data analysis is a key to reach data quality on the highest level. Due to its long-term experience in GNSS data processing, GFZ was selected as a Central GRUAN GNSS Data Processing Centre. This data publicatoion includes the GRUAN Data Product (GDP) of GFZ: GNSS Precipitable Water (PW).

GFZ GNSS-derived tropospheric data products (ultra-rapid)

The GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) acts as an operational analysis center of the EUMETNET EIG GNSS water vapour programme (E-GVAP, https://egvap.dmi.dk/). GFZ provides all types of tropospheric products in near-real time in three processing lines: ultra-rapid (E-GVAP solution ID is GF1U), rapid (GF1R), and global (GF1G). The ultra-rapid solution series is published hourly with a delay of around 15 minutes after the end of each hour. Operational tropospheric products of GFZ included in this data publication are: (1) Zenith Total Delays (ZTD), Integrated Water Vapor (IWV); (2) Tropospheric gradients in North and East directions; (3) Slant Total Delays (STD)

GFZ TerraSAR-X Near Realtime Orbits (version 2)

This dataset provides Near Realtime Orbits (NRT) from the Low Earth Orbiter (LEO) satellite TerraSAR-X. It is part of the compilation of GFZ NRT products for various LEO missions and the appropriate GNSS constellation in sp3 format. The individual solutions for each satellite mission are published with individual DOI as part of the compilation (Schreiner et al., 2022). The TerraSAR-X NRT cover the period - from 2007 264 to up-to-date The LEO NRTs in version 2 are generated based on the 30-hour GPS NRTs in two pieces for the actual day with arc lengths of 14 hours and overlaps of 2 hours. One starting at 22:00 and ending at 12:00, one starting at 10:00 and ending at 24:00. Due to the extended length of the constellation, there is no need to concatenate several constellations for day-overlapping arcs. The accuracy of the LEO NRTs is at the level of 1-2 cm in terms of SLR validation. Each solution in version 2 is given in the Conventional Terrestrial Reference System (CTS) based on the IERS 2010 conventions and related to the ITRF-2014 reference frame. The exact time covered by an arc is defined in the header of the files and indicated as well as in the filename.

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