Entwicklungs-, Pflege- und Erschließungsmaßnahmen gem. § 13 LNatSchG NRW
Das Projekt "Forest dynamics following windthrow in 10 forest districts in Bavaria" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität München, Fachgebiet Geobotanik durchgeführt. The storms Vivian and Wiebke, that crossed Central Europe in early spring 1990 (26.2. to 1.3. 1990) destroyed many forest stands in Bavaria. In order to obtain information about the development of natural and planted tree regeneration and vegetation development following windthrow more than fifty permanent observation plots were established in the more heavily affected forest regions of Bavaria. The first record took place in 1991, the second in 1995, and the third in 2000. Data of the development of ground layer vegetation and tree regeneration were recorded together with information on site conditions and structure of the stands. Final analysis of the data will start after finishing the year 2000-record.
Das Projekt "Zukunft selber bauen - Jugendliche erlernen ökologisches Bauen in Theorie und Praxis" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Stadtverwaltung Markkleeberg durchgeführt. Zielsetzung und Anlass des Vorhabens Ziel ist die Standortverlagerung der Ökoschule im Markkleeberger agra-Park von der Stadtgrenze in Zentrumsnähe. Jährlich nutzen 8.000 Kinder und Jugendliche die bisherige Bildungsstätte, deren Schulungsräume baulich verfallen sind. Der Neubau selbst ist ein umweltpädagogisches Projekt, bei dem 20 benachteiligte Jugendliche mittels der konkreten Baumaßnahme das ökologische Bauen in Theorie und Praxis erlernen. Das geplante Gebäude entspricht als 160 m2 großes Strohballenhaus konsequent den ökologischen und ökonomischen Anforderungen für ein Bauwerk des 21. Jahrhunderts. Fazit Umweltbildung und ökologisches Bauen sind unter Beachtung der Kriterien der Nachhaltigkeit kombinierbar. Das umgesetzte Vorhaben ist grundsätzlich im In- und Ausland übertragbar, überall gibt es arbeitslose Menschen, Bedarf an öffentlichen Räumen, ökologische Baustoffe, wie Holz, Lehm und Stroh. Öffentliche Gebäude sind einfach konstruierbar. Der örtliche Erschließungsaufwand ist stark kostenrelevant.
Das Projekt "Phase 1: Earth and Space Based Power Generation Systems" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Technische Thermodynamik, Abteilung Systemanalyse und Technikbewertung durchgeführt. This study has to be understood in the frame of the global Energy Policy. A great part of world energy production is currently based on non-renewable sources: oil, gas and coal. Global warming and restricted fossil energy sources force a strong demand for another climate compatible energy supply. Therefore, fossil energy sources will nearly disappear until the end of this century. The question is to find a viable replacement. By using viable' it is meant a low-cost and environmental friendly energy. In other words, the question is to find an alternative to nuclear energy among all proposed but still not mature renewable energies. One of the solutions proposed is solar energy. Yet, two major concerns slow down its development as an alternative: first, it lacks of technological maturity and secondly it suffers from alternating supply during days and nights, winters and summers. The idea proposed by Glaser in the sixties to bypass this inconvenient is to take the energy at the source (or at least, as near as possible): in other words, to put a solar station on orbit that captures the energy without problems of climatic conditions and to redirect it through a beam to the ground. That is the concept of Solar Power Satellites. Its principal feasibility was shown by DOE / NASA in 1970 years studies (5 GW SPS in GEO). Project objectives: This phase 1 study activity is to be seen as the initial step of a series of investigations on the viability of power generation in space facing towards an European strategy on renewable, CO2 free energy generation, including a technology development roadmap pacing the way to establish in a step-wise approach on energy generation capabilities in space. The entire activity has to be embedded in an international network of competent, experienced partners. As part of this, an interrelationship to and incorporation of activities targeting the aims of the EU 6th FP ESSPERANS should be maintained. In particular, the activities related to following objectives are described: The generation of scientifically sound and objective results on terrestrial CO2 emission free power generation solutions in comparison with state-of-the-art space based solar power solutions The detailed comparison and trades between the terrestrial and the space based solutions in terms of cost, reliability and risk The identification of possible synergies between ground and space based power generation solutions The assessment on terrestrial energy storage needs by combining ground based with space based energy generation solutions The investigation of the viability of concepts in terms of energy balance of the complete systems and payback times.
Das Projekt "Soil Erosion Control and Ecological Restoration on the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province, P.R. China" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität München, Fachgebiet Geobotanik durchgeführt. The Central Loess Plateau of north-western China is well known for its massive soil erosion which has emerged as one of the major environmental problems in China. It is reported that about 90 percent of the silt load washed into the Yellow River every year is generated from this area, which accounts for only about 40 percent of the total area of the Yellow River Basin. In addition to soil erosion and severe ecological degradation the region is considered to be one of the least developed and poorest regions in China. Incomes of the local population range already below the national average and continued degradation of farmland and water resources can only further deteriorate local living standards and ecological conditions. The Central Government of China has given high priority to a stable growth in the agricultural sector of the region but has also recognized that one important option to reduce soil erosion besides implementing improved farming techniques is to implement large scale restoration programmes of natural vegetation. However, current activities such as the development of fruit tree plantations and mono-species afforestation might only be of limited use in this regard. In 1999 a joint Sino-German research project between the Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM) and the Northwest Science and Technology University of Agriculture and Forestry (NWUF) of Yangling was initiated. The overall goal of this project is two-fold: One objective is to consolidate knowledge on remnant natural forests in the Loess Plateau Region and to explore if remaining local vegetation types can be used as guidance for larger-scale restoration in areas where original vegetation has been destroyed completely. The second component of the project is designed to generate reliable scientific data on how soil and farmland conservation can be integrated into agricultural development by using remote sensing technologies.
Das Projekt "SAFIRA - Abstracts of the Workshop of November 17-18, 1999 at Bitterfeld / Germany" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Umweltforschungszentrum Leipzig-Halle, Projektbereich Industrie- und Bergbaufolgelandschaften durchgeführt. The SAFIRA project (Sanierungsforschung in regional kontaminierten Aquiferen) focuses an the development of reactive walls for the treatment of regional contaminated aquifers. The project is managed by UFZ (Umweltforschungszentrum Leipzig-Halle) and the University of Tübingen. Within the SAFIRA project, different research groups are investigating a number of different technologies at an underground test site in Bitterfeld. Among them is a consortium from the Netherlands, lead by TNO (Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research), with Tebodin, HBG/HWZ and Shell as partners. The Dutch research project is supported by NOBIS (Netherlands Research Programme for Biological in situ Remediation). Fall 1999, the SAFIRA programme at Bitterfeld had come at an interesting point. The test site had been officially opened, most results of the on-site mobile test unit had been obtained and the in-situ reactors had been started up. On November 17-18, 1999, UFZ and TNO jointly organised a workshop at the test site in Bitterfeld. The Workshop was attended by about 50 representatives from the different research groups involved in SAFIRA, NOBIS representatives and members of the Knowledge Exchange Group related to the Dutch research project. The workshop focused on: - the methods applied; - the results obtained so far; - practical, large scale solutions for the regional groundwater problem. This report presents the workshop programme, the abstracts of the presentations and a selection of the slides that were used within the brainstorm session. We do hope that the workshop and this report will be followed-up by a further and fruitful knowledge exchange between all parties involved and that this may contribute to finding innovative, optimal solutions for the regional groundwater problems in Bitterfeld and other areas.
Das Projekt "Hotspot Ecosystem Research on the Margins of European Seas (HERMES)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von IFM-GEOMAR Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften durchgeführt. HERMES is designed to gain new insights into the biodiversity, structure, function and dynamics of ecosystems along Europe's deep-ocean margin. It represents the first major attempt to understand European deep-water ecosystems and their environment in an integrated way by bringing together expertise in biodiversity, geology, sedimentology, physical oceanography, microbiology and biogeochemistry, so that the generic relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning can be understood. Study sites will extend from the Arctic to the Black Sea and include open slopes, where landslides and deep-ocean circulation affect ecosystem development, and biodiversity hotspots, such as cold seeps, coldwater coral mounds, canyons and anoxic environments, where the geosphere and hydrosphere influence the biosphere through escape of fluids, presence of gas hydrates and deep-water currents. These important systems require urgent study because of their possible biological fragility, unique genetic resources, global relevance to carbon cycling and possible susceptibility to global change and man-made disturbances. Past changes, including catastrophic events, will be assessed using sediment archives. We will make estimates of the flow rates of methane from the geosphere and calculate how much is utilised by benthic communities, leaving the residual contribution to reach the atmosphere as a greenhouse gas. HERMES will enable forecasting of biodiversity change in relation to natural and man-made environmental changes by developing the first comprehensive pan-European margin Geographic Information System. This will provide a framework for integrating science, environmental modelling and socio-economic indicators in ecosystem management. The results will underpin the development of a comprehensive European Ocean and Seas Integrated Governance Policy enabling risk assessment, management, conservation and rehabilitation options for margin ecosystems. Prime Contractor: Natural Environment Research Council; Athens; United Kingdom.
Das Projekt "Solar and Wind Energy Resource Assessment (SWERA)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Technische Thermodynamik, Abteilung Systemanalyse und Technikbewertung durchgeführt. The project SWERA will provide solar and wind resource data and geographic information assessment tools to public and private sector executives who are involved in energy market development. It will demonstrate the use of these instruments in investment and policy decision making and build local capacities for their continuous use. The project will enable private investors and public policy makers to assess the technical, economic and environmental potential for large-scale investments in technologies that enable the exploitation of two increasingly important sources of renewable energy. During this pilot project, tools for analysis and use of resource information will be developed, a global archive and review mechanism will be initiated, regional/national solar and wind resource maps generated and national assessment demonstrations performed. The overall goal is to promote the integration of wind and solar alternatives in national and regional energy planning and sector restructuring as well as related policy making. The project will enable informed decision making and enhance the ability of participating governments to attract increased investor interest in renewable energy. Thirteen countries will be directly involved in the pilot stage of the project. Global and regional maps will be available to all developing countries. The German Aerospace Center (DLR) will provide high resolution solar maps of the Direct Normal Irradiation. This is particularly important for concentrating solar power collectors. DLR will work with SUNY and INPE/LABSOLAR to integrate their high-resolution horizontal total radiation model. DLR and TERI will jointly execute the South Asian mapping using INSAT and METEOSAT-5 data. DLR will provide advice to national executing agencies and stakeholders on their activities and assist in the comparison of measurements and different mapping models.
Das Projekt "Optimised Radar to Find Every buried Utility in the street (ORFEUS)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Tracto-Technik GmbH & Co. KG durchgeführt. This project addresses the requirement for advanced technologies for locating, maintaining and rehabilitating buried infrastructures (area II.3.3). Specifically it fulfils the requirement for locating buried assets. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is the only known non-invasive technique that can detect metallic and non-metallic buried objects, but conventional pulse time-domain technology has reached the limit of its development potential. This project will use innovative techniques to provide a clear advance in the state of the art. The project has three major objectives: - To provide a step change in the depth penetration and spatial resolution of GPR used for surveys carried out from the ground surface. This will be achieved by increasing the frequency and dynamic range of the radar by researching and developing Stepped Frequency Continuous Wave techniques and ultra wide-band antennas whose performance is independent of ground characteristics. - To prototype an innovative GPR-based real-time obstacle detection system for steerable bore- heads of Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) pipe and cable laying systems so that they can operate more safely below ground. This will require new antenna designs to be developed to provide a look-ahead capability and robust systems to be designed to protect against the hostile mechanical environment. - To increase knowledge of the electrical behaviour of the ground, by means of in-situ measurements to enhance understanding of the sub-soil electrical environment, and to provide information for scientifically based antenna design. The project will lead to practical solutions that can be implemented cost-effectively to provide a capability to locate buried infrastructure with accuracy and reliability. This will reduce the need for excavations in the highway, thus minimising direct and indirect costs, reducing the incidence of pollution and enhancing safety. Prime Contractor: Osys Technology Ltd., Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Das Projekt "Forest vegetation development in the Bavarian Forest National Park following the 1983 windfall event" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität München, Fachgebiet Geobotanik durchgeführt. In the Bavarian Forest National Park a brief, but intense storm event on 1 August 1983 created large windfall areas. The windfall ecosystems within the protection zone of the park were left develop without interference; outside this zone windfall areas were cleared of dead wood but not afforested. A set of permanent plots (transect design with 10 to 10 m plots) was established in 1988 in spruce forests of wet and cool valley bottoms in order to document vegetation development. Resampling shall take place every five years; up to now it was done in 1993 and 1998. On cleared areas an initial raspberry (Rubus idaeus) shrub community was followed by pioneer birch (Betula pubescens, B. pendula) woodland, a sequence well known from managed forest stands. In contrast to this, these two stages were restricted to root plates of fallen trees in uncleared windfalls; here shade-tolerant tree species of the terminal forest stages established rather quickly from saplings that had already been present in the preceeding forest stand. Soil surface disturbances are identified to be causal to the management pathway of forest development, wereas the untouched pathway is caused by relatively low disturbance levels. The simulation model FORSKA-M is used to analyse different options of further stand development with a simulation time period of one hundred years.