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Ecosystem functions of rare arable plants - field study: Carabidae data

Partly taken from the materials and methods of https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2022.12.003: To compare the activity densities of ground-dwelling predators between treatments with and without RAPs, carabids were sampled using pitfall traps, which were set up after each round of aphid counting (one per plot, twice per year; Brown & Matthews, 2016). The traps (with a volume of 400 ml and a width of 90 mm) were filled with a mixture of water and ethylene glycol (1:1; 120 ml) and dug at ground level into the middle of each plot. The traps were covered with a plastic roof and a metal grid (15 × 15 mm grid size) to avoid overflowing during rain and accidental rodent catches (Császár et al., 2018). The traps were activated for 7 days. Subsequently, all arthropods were transferred into 70% ethanol. Carabids were identified to species according to Hůrka (1996). Carabid feeding behavior was classified according to Homburg et al. (2014). To simplify the dataset, carabid feeding behavior was classified as predominantly granivorous (species mainly feed on seeds and fruits) or as carnivorous/omnivorous, because carnivorous and omnivorous species are potentially feeding on aphids and other non-plant material.

Bekanntmachung gem. § 5UVPG- Trans Tank GmbH

Die Firma Trans Tank GmbH, Am Stadthafen 60 in 45881 Gelsenkirchen hat die Genehmigung zur wesentlichen Änderung und zum Betrieb der Anlage zur Lage-rung von Flüssigkeiten gemäß Ziffer 9.2.1 des Anhangs 1 der 4. BImSchV auf dem Grundstück Am Stadthafen 60 in 45881 Gelsenkirchen (Gemarkung Heßler, Flur 4, Flurstück 600, 701), beantragt. Gegenstand des Antrages ist das Blenden des Produktes BOB (Base of Blendstock) mit Ethanol zu Super E5 und / oder Super E10. Geändert wird die Lagerung von Ethanol in den vorhandenen Tanks 37 und 38 sowie die Errichtung einer neuen Entladeleitung vom Schiffsanleger 4 zum Verteiler III. Weitere bauliche Änderungen erfolgen nicht.

Plasmaunterstützte Elektrodenprozesse an elektrochemischen Zellen für die Energieumwandlung (PLEKTRON)

Induktion des Umsatzes von Aethanol in Mikrosomen und Cytosol der Maeuseleber durch chronische orale Verabreichung von Aethanol und Inhalation von Cyclohexan oder D,L-Campher

Bei einem 3-methylcholanthrenempfindlichen Maeusestamm (C57BL/6N) soll geprueft werden, ob chronische orale Verabreichung von Aethanol in der Leber sowohl die mikrosomale Aethanoloxidation als auch die Dehydrierung von Aethanol durch die Alkohol-Dehydrogenase des Lebercytosols induziert. Die induzierende Wirkung des Aethanols soll mit derjenigen von D,L-Campher und Cyclohexan verglichen werden. Es soll versucht werden, die Induktionen durch Induktionshemmer zu verhindern. Inzwischen ist nachgewiesen worden: In den Lebermikrosomen induziert orale chronische Verabreichung von Aethanol MEOS bei maennlichen C57-Maeusen in 4 Monaten, um den Faktor 2-3. Die Induktion ist bereits nach 14 Tagen nachweisbar und durchlaeuft ein Minimum nach 1,5 Monaten. Alkohol-Dehydrogenase wird im Cytosol anscheinend nicht induziert, wohl aber andere Proteine, denen moeglicherweise Acetaldehyd-Dehydrogenaseaktivitaet zukommt. Diese induzierbaren Nicht-Haem-Proteine erscheinen auch vermehrt nach Vorbehandlung der Maeuse mit anderen Induktoren. Es soll 1982 geprueft werden, wie weit die Dehydrierung von Acetaldehyd durch Aethanol induziert werden kann, und ob andere Induktoren diese nicht wirksamer induzieren.

Produktion elektrolysebasierter Methanolkraftstoffe und wasserwirtschaftliche Sauerstoffnutzung auf der Kläranlage Bottrop, Elektrolysebasierte Methanolkraftstoffe und wasserwirtschaftliche Sauerstoffnutzung auf Kläranlagen in Bottrop (E-BO2t)

Monitoring of sandy beach meiofauna before and after sand nourishment (Ahrenshoop, Baltic Sea): metabarcoding data (number of reads per operational taxonomic unit)

We provide metabarcoding data (number of reads per operational taxonomic unit, OTU) determined from sediment samples collected on the sandy-beach water line of Ahrenshoop (Baltic Sea). Five sampling stations lay within the zone impacted by the sand nourishment between the boundary of the nature reserve in the north east and a site just north of the breakwater (AH01-AH05). An unaffected reference station was located south of Ahrenshoop (close to Niehagen) at the end of the road Pappelallee (PAP). Samples were collected at four dates. The first sampling was carried out before the sand nourishment took place (T0: 14 and 16 September 2021). Three samplings were realised after the impact: T1 (23 March 2022), T2 (27 September 2022), and T3 (28 March 2023). Latitude and longitude of each sampling location per station were recorded at each sampling date using a hand-held GPS application on a mobile phone. At the stations sampling locations varied over time. Prior to the sand nourishment the beach was narrow due to sand erosion in previous years. After the nourishment the additional extent of the beach was approximately 40 m at sampling date T1. Subsequently, progressive sand erosion forced the sampling locations (situated at the water line) further inland at T2 and T3. Samples were taken from the beach-water interface (water line) in the middle of the area between two groynes. Plexiglass cores (inner core diameter 5.4 cm) were inserted vertically into the sediment down to 15 cm depth. Each core was sliced in 5 cm-layers (0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm). Sediment horizons were preserved in 96-99% ethanol. Three cores (2 cores at T0) per sampling date were taken for metabarcoding analyses. The organisms were extracted by decantation over a 32-μm sieve. Genomic DNA was extracted from the filters using the DNeasy PowerSoil pro kit (Qiagen). Realtime-PCR was performed to amplify V1&V2, two hypervariable regions of 18S rDNA gene. The sequencing run was performed using the MiSeq Reagent Nanokit v2 (250 cycles paired end) on an Illumina MiSeq platform at the DZMB Metabarcoding lab in Wilhelmshaven, Germany. High-resolution amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were obtained and compared to the NCBI database to assign taxonomic information to each ASV. The target meiofauna ASVs were further classified into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with a 3% cut-off threshold using the statistical software R. Here, we present two Tables: (1) the taxonomic description of the 843 OTUs and their assigned ID number; (2) the number of reads per OTU per sample. The metabarcoding data are part of a larger ecological study on the influence of sand nourishment on meiofauna communities, which included grain-size and meiofauna abundances (see Related to and Supplement to).

Water and sediment analysis from column experiments

This data set contains data from water analyses from column experiments. The water analyses included cations (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron and manganese), anions (nitrate, chloride, sulphate, bromide and phosphate) and selected trace elements (arsenic, cobalt, nickel, vanadium and zinc). The column experiments were conducted with two different types of unconsolidated sandy sediments from aquifers in Denmark (Quaternary) and Germany (Cretaceous). In both sediments, the nitrate degradation capacity was almost exhausted. To induce denitrification, 5 mmol ethanol was added to the column experiments. This also caused a decrease in the concentration of trace elements in the water. A sequential extraction procedure was performed to determine the trace element sinks. The data set therefore also contains contents of selected elements (equal to water analyses) from the sequential extraction procedure of the sediment before and after the column tests. The results observed in the laboratory were additionally modeled with Phreeqc. The Phreeqc input data complete the data set.

Reproductive parameters and oocyte fatty acid compositions in European sprat Sprattus sprattus sampled in the Baltic Sea

Fecundity of marine fish species is highly variable, but trade-offs between fecundity and egg quality have rarely been observed at the individual level. We investigated spatial differences in reproductive investment of individual European sprat Sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus 1758) females by determining batch fecundity, condition indices (somatic condition index and gonadosomatic index) as well as oocyte dry weight, protein content, lipid content, spawning batch energy content, and fatty acid composition. Sampling was conducted in five different spawning areas within the Baltic Sea between March and May 2012. Sampling was conducted in the Baltic Sea during three cruises of the German RV “Alkor” in March (https://www2.bsh.de/aktdat/dod/fahrtergebnis/2012/20120331.htm), April (http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/CR_AL390), and May (http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/CR_AL392) 2012. Five different areas were sampled: KB, AB, Bornholm Basin (BB), Gdansk Deep (GD), and Gotland Basin (GB). Fish were caught with a pelagic trawl. Trawling time was in general 30 minutes per haul. The total lengths (TL, ±0.1 cm) of at least 200 sprat per haul were measured for length frequency analysis. Only female sprat with ovaries containing fully hydrated oocytes were sampled, running ripe females were rejected to avoid possible loss of oocytes, as this would lead to an underestimation of batch fecundity. Sprat were sampled immediately after the haul was on deck and stored on crushed ice. The sampled fish were weighed (wet mass WM, ±0.1 g) and measured (TL, ±0.1 cm), and their ovaries were dissected carefully. Oocytes were extracted from a single ovary lobe, rinsed with deionized water, and counted under a stereo microscope (Leica MZ 8). A counted number of oocytes (around 50 oocytes per fish) were transferred to pre-weighed tin-caps (8 x 8 x 15 mm). These samples were used to determine the oocyte dry weight, lipid content, and fatty acid composition. In addition, a counted number of oocytes (around 10 oocytes per fish) were sampled in Eppendorf caps for determination of protein content. Oocyte samples were stored at -80 °C for subsequent fatty acid and protein analysis in the laboratory. Finally, both ovary lobes were stored in 4% buffered formaldehyde solution for further fecundity analysis. Ovary free body mass (OFBM, ±0.1 g) of sampled frozen fish and fixed ovary mass (OM, ±0.1 g) were measured (Sartorius, 0.01 g) in the laboratory on land, to avoid imprecise measurements due to the ship's motion at sea. Absolute batch fecundity (ABF) was determined gravimetrically using the hydrated oocyte method suggested by Hunter et al. (1985) for indeterminate batch spawners. For ascertainment of the relative batch fecundity per unit body weight (RBF), ABF was divided by OFBM. Further, a condition index (CI) was determined: CI = (OFBM/〖TL〗^3 )× 100. A gonadosomatic index (GSI) was calculated with the following formula: GSI = (OM/OFBM)× 100. Oocyte dry weight was determined to the nearest 0.1 µg (Sartorius SC 2 micro-scale), using the samples stored in pre-weighed tin caps, after freeze-drying (Christ Alpha 1-4) for at least 24 hours. After subtracting the weight of the empty tin cap, the average oocyte dry mass (ODM) was then calculated by dividing the total weight by the number of oocytes contained in the tin cap. The fatty acid signature of oocytes was determined by gas chromatography (GC). Lipid extraction of the dried oocytes was performed using a 1:1:1 solvent mix of dichloromethane:methanol:chloroform. A five component fatty acid methyl ester Mix (13:0 - 21:0, Restek, Bad Homburg, Germany; c = 8.5 ng component µl-1) was added as an internal standard and a 23:0 fatty acid standard (Restek, Bad Homburg, Germany, c = 25.1 ng µl-1) was added as an esterification efficiency control. Esterification was performed over night at 50 °C in 200 µl 1% H2SO4 and 100 µl toluene. The solvent phase was transferred to 100 µl n-hexane and a 1 µl aliquot measured in a Thermo Fisher Trace GC Ultra with a Thermo Fisher TRACETM TR-FAME column (10 m*0.1 mm*0.2 µm). For more details on sample preparation and GC settings, see Hauss et al. (2012). The total lipid content per oocyte was determined by adding up the weights of all detected fatty acids. To ensure comparability with past studies, results for FA are given as a percentage of the combined weights of all detected FA. An average of 10 oocytes were transferred to 5*9 mm tin cups (Hekatech) and dried at 50 °C for >24 h. Total organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content was measured using a Thermo Fisher Scientific Elemental Analyzer Flash 2000. From the total amount of N in the sample, the oocyte protein content was calculated according to Kjeldahl (Bradstreet, 1954), using a factor of 6.25. The oocyte gross energy content was calculated on the basis of measured protein and lipid content, which were multiplied with corresponding energy values from literature. The measured amount of proteins per given oocyte (P, mg) was multiplied by a factor of 23.66 J mg-1 and was added to the total amount of lipids per oocyte (L, mg) multiplied by 39.57 J mg-1 (Henken et al. 1986). Consequently, the oocyte energy content of each individual female sprat was multiplied by its relative batch fecundity in order to obtain a standardized estimate of the total amount of energy invested into a single spawning batch (SBEC, J g-1 OFBM): SBEC = [(P × 23.66 (J )/mg)+(L × 39.57 (J )/mg)]× RBF

Morphologically identified benthic stomach contents from Solenette (Buglossidium luteum) in the German Bight

This dataset contains morphological stomach content data of the demersal flatfish Buglossidium luteum (solenette) collected at multiple sampling stations in the German Bight. At each station, B. luteum individuals were sampled during daytime using an epibenthic dredge (1 m width, 1 cm mesh size) towed for 5 minutes. Immediately after capture, fish were individually sealed in storage bags and frozen at −80 °C to preserve gut contents. In the laboratory, specimens were transferred to freezers and stored at −28 °C until further processing. Selected fish were defrosted and stomachs were removed and weighed. All prey items were sorted and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level using a stereomicroscope (Leica MZ12), based on regional identification keys, taxonomic catalogues, expert consultation, and comparisons with fresh reference material. Occasionally, digestion and mastication of individuals resulted in the loss of diagnostic features. In those cases, individuals were determined at a higher taxonomic level. All taxa were quantified in terms of abundance and biomass (wet mass; measured to 0.0001g) within the stomachs, and stored in 70% ethanol. Following analysis, prey items were preserved in 70% ethanol. The stomach content dataset was curated by excluding foraminifera, nematodes, and parasites.

Molecular DOM composition (relative peak intensities) obtained through ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS)

Here we present the dissolved organic matter (DOM) data of the sea surface microlayer (SML) and underlying water (ULW) during a multidisciplinary mesocosm study at the Sea sURface Facility (SURF) of the Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM) in Wilhelmshaven, Germany (53.5148 °N, 8.1463 °E). The study was conducted from 18 May to 16 June 2023. Water samples were collected using a glass plate for the SML and a tube at a depth of 40 cm. DOM was extracted and desalinated by solid-phase extraction as described by Dittmar et al. (2008). The extracts were stored frozen in methanol until analysis. Aliquots were mixed with 50% ultrapure water (50:50 v/v) and diluted to a final carbon concentration of 2.5 ppm. DOM composition was analysed using a SolariX XR FT-ICR-MS (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany) with a 15 Tesla superconducting magnet and an electrospray ionisation source (ESI; Bruker Apollo II ion source) in negative ion mode. Data processing and molecular formula assignment were performed in ICBM-OCEAN, as described by Merder et al. (2020).

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