Data collection of concentration dependent abnormal larval development of Crassostrea gigas during 24 h at 24°C and 48 h at 18°C for the trace metals copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). Data were collected via microscopic observation. Data collection of concentration dependent mortality within a 24 h period at 18°C and 24°C for the D- larvae stage of Ostrea edulis and C. gigas for Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb. Data were collected via microscopic observation. All data were collected from February to April 2024 at IFREMER Bouin (La plateforme mollusques marins de Bouin) in France. Data includes the measured environmental concentrations (MEC) of the summer Cu concentration in the German Bight from 1986 to 2021 (MUDAB database, https://geoportal.bafg.de/MUDABAnwendung/), including sampling points coordinates, year of sampling and Cu concentration. Additionally the Hazard quotient (HQ) is provided by dividing the MEC with the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC), defined as EC10 estimates from C. gigas embryos exposed for 48 h at 18°C and LC10 estimates from C. gigas larvae exposed for 24 h at 24°C, divided by an assessment factor (AF) of 5.
This dataset contains oyster mortality records and the main physicochemical parameters monitored in the exposure mesocosms, the tanks holding 60 oysters per treatment (unamended control, dissolved alkalinity addition with NaOH and CaCl2 at +250 or +500 µmol/kg, and olivine-based coastal enhanced silicate weathering at +250 or +500 µmol/kg). Mortality is reported as the number of oysters alive, the interval and cumulative number of oysters found dead, and the relative cumulative mortality (a proportion of the initial 60 individuals per tank). Physicochemical parameters include water temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, salinity, total chlorophyll a, suspended particulate matter and ammonia concentration. Measurements span 17 April to 10 July 2024, covering the alkalinization period and the subsequent 63-day chronic exposure. Water temperature, oxygen and conductivity/salinity were recorded with a multi-probe (Xylem Analytics Germany). Total chlorophyll a was measured by fluorescence on unfiltered seawater with a bbe fluorimeter. Suspended particulate matter was determined gravimetrically from filtered seawater. Ammonia was quantified fluorometrically with a microplate reader assay kit.
Adult European flat oysters (Ostrea edulis) were exposed in indoor mesocosms to two contrasting approaches for ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE): dissolved alkalinity addition using NaOH and CaCl2, and olivine-based coastal enhanced silicate weathering, each targeting a total alkalinity increase of +250 or +500 µmol/kg over unamended seawater. An alkalinization phase (17 April to 19 June 2024) established the target total alkalinity in each treatment tank before oysters were introduced for a subsequent chronic exposure phase (8 May to 10 July 2024). Seawater pH and total alkalinity, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a, suspended particulate matter and ammonia were monitored throughout both phases, alongside oyster mortality. Full carbonate system parameters (CO2, HCO3-, CO32-, dissolved inorganic carbon, pCO2 and the aragonite and calcite saturation states) were calculated from the measured pH, total alkalinity, salinity and temperature using the seacarb package in R. At the end of the chronic exposure, oyster gill, mantle and hepatopancreas tissue was sampled for trace metal accumulation (nickel, chromium and cobalt) by ICP-OES, gill and mantle tissue for untargeted polar metabolite profiling by ¹H-NMR spectroscopy, and labial palps tissue for glycogen quantification. A separate short-term feeding experiment (12 to 21 November 2024) tested whether the shellfish diet used to feed the oysters (Reed Mariculture SD1800) contributes to the total alkalinity increase observed in the treatment tanks, independent of the OAE treatments. This submission bundles nine related data tables from this study; an individual, table-specific abstract accompanies each file in the file description.
Data includes the measured environmental concentrations (MEC) of the summer copper (Cu) concentration in the German Bight from 1986 to 2021 (MUDAB database, https://geoportal.bafg.de/MUDABAnwendung/), including sampling points coordinates, year of sampling and Cu concentration. Additionally the Hazard quotient (HQ) is provided by dividing the MEC with the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC), defined as EC10 estimates from Crassostrea gigas embryos exposed for 48 h at 18°C and LC10 estimates from C. gigas larvae exposed for 24 h at 24°C, divided by an assessment factor (AF) of 5.
This dataset shows the hourly valve behavioral data of the 16 oysters Ostrea edulis throughout the 18 months of the experiment (11th of May 2023 - 31st of August 2024) in Helgoland (Margate) as well as the temperature recorded by the HFNI valvometer. The oyster valve behavior is characterized by 3 parameters: the Valve Opening Amplitude (VOA, the percentage of the valve opening relative to maximum opening), the Valve Opening Duration (VOD, the percentage of time that an oyster spends with its valves open), and the VOA/VOD. The data are presented for each oyster and as a group average. Missing data corresponds to the death of the oyster number 7 or to the stop of recording due to electrical failure on the oyster's valvometer electrodes.
This dataset contains nickel, chromium and cobalt concentrations measured in gill, mantle and hepatopancreas tissue of individual European flat oysters (Ostrea edulis) sampled on day 63 (9 July 2024) at the end of the chronic alkalinity-enhancement exposure experiment. A total of 19 individual oysters were sampled (5 control, 5 olivine 250, 3 olivine 500, 3 dissolved 250 and 3 dissolved 500); not all three tissues could be obtained from every individual due to tissue availability. Ten measurements of the certified reference material ERM-CE278k (mussel tissue) are included across the three tissue batches for quality control. Samples for metal analysis were freeze-dried for 24 h, and dry weight was recorded prior to extraction. Extraction vials were pre-cleaned (p.a. quality) with concentrated nitric acid (65 %, single-distilled) and dried for 48 h. Approximately 2 mL of nitric acid was added to the dried tissues, followed by thermic digestion using a microwave digestion system (5 min heating at 400 W; 5 min heating to 100 °C at 800 W; 20 min heating to 175 °C and 20 min held, 1600 W). The digested solutions were transferred to clean vials and diluted to 25 mL; vials were weighed before and after filling to determine the precise sample weight. Metal concentrations of Ni, Cr and Co were measured on 12 March 2025 at the AWI ICP Facility on a Thermo Scientific iCAP 7000 Series Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). Calibration was performed with an in-house standard composed of the respective individual element standards (ICP-Standards ROTI® Star, Carl Roth). The standard deviation of the control standard was 0.1 µg/l for Ni, 0.3 µg/l for Cr and 0.2 µg/l for Co. External reproducibility (RSD) was 0.5 % for Ni, 1.2 % for Cr and 0.7 % for Co. Limits of detection and quantification were 0.13 and 0.7 µg/l for Ni; 0.26 and 1.32 µg/l for Cr; and 0.10 and 0.47 µg/l for Co. Analytical accuracy was verified with the certified reference material ERM-CE278k.
This dataset contains calculated carbonate chemistry parameters, including the concentrations of dissolved CO2, HCO3-, CO32- and dissolved inorganic carbon, the fugacity and partial pressure of CO2 and the saturation states of aragonite (Ωarag) and calcite (Ωcalc), for the exposure mesocosms. Values were calculated from pH, total alkalinity, salinity and temperature measured between 8 May and 10 July 2024, using the seacarb package (Orr et al., 2018) in R (V. 4.3.2). Measured pH values, which refer to the NBS scale, were first converted to the total scale using the total proton activity coefficient fH of Takahashi et al. (1982), lowering pH by 0.12 to 0.13 units across the measured salinity and temperature range. Calculations used the carbonic acid dissociation constants of Lueker et al. (2000), the bisulfate dissociation constant of Dickson (1990), the hydrogen fluoride constant of Perez & Fraga (1987), total boron after Uppström (1974) and the aragonite and calcite solubility products of Mucci (1983), all evaluated at in situ temperature and salinity. The conversion from the NBS to the total scale carries a residual uncertainty of about 0.01 to 0.02 pH units, because the liquid junction potential between the dilute calibration buffers and seawater is not fully captured by fH. This propagates to an uncertainty of roughly 5 to 15 % in calculated pCO2 and a correspondingly smaller uncertainty in the saturation states.
This dataset contains calculated carbonate chemistry parameters, including the concentrations of dissolved CO2, HCO3-, CO32- and dissolved inorganic carbon, the fugacity and partial pressure of CO2 and the saturation states of aragonite (Ωarag) and calcite (Ωcalc), for the alkalization mesocosms. Values were calculated from pH, total alkalinity, salinity and temperature measured between 17 April and 19 June 2024, using the seacarb package (Orr et al., 2018) in R (V. 4.3.2). Measured pH values, which refer to the NBS scale, were first converted to the total scale using the total proton activity coefficient fH of Takahashi et al. (1982), lowering pH by 0.12 to 0.13 units across the measured salinity and temperature range. Calculations used the carbonic acid dissociation constants of Lueker et al. (2000), the bisulfate dissociation constant of Dickson (1990), the hydrogen fluoride constant of Perez & Fraga (1987), total boron after Uppström (1974) and the aragonite and calcite solubility products of Mucci (1983), all evaluated at in situ temperature and salinity. The conversion from the NBS to the total scale carries a residual uncertainty of about 0.01 to 0.02 pH units, because the liquid junction potential between the dilute calibration buffers and seawater is not fully captured by fH. This propagates to an uncertainty of roughly 5 to 15 % in calculated pCO2 and a correspondingly smaller uncertainty in the saturation states.
This dataset contains measurements of seawater pH and total alkalinity from a short-term factorial feeding experiment conducted independently of the main chronic alkalinity-enhancement exposure. The experiment tested whether the shellfish diet used to feed the oysters in the main experiment (Reed Mariculture SD1800, a concentrated microalgae feed) contributes to seawater total alkalinity, and whether this contribution depends on the presence of oysters. Four treatment combinations were run in parallel over a 9-day period (12 to 21 November 2024): unamended seawater without oysters or feed (control), seawater with food but without oysters (SD 1800), seawater with oysters but without feed (oysters) and seawater with both oysters and feed (oysters + SD 1800). Oysters in the unfed treatments were left entirely without feed for the full 9 days. Each treatment was sampled on six days (day 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9) in triplicate. Seawater pH was measured with a pH electrode and total alkalinity by open-cell potentiometric titration, both on a Metrohm 855 Robotic Titrosampler.
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