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In FarmPath wird davon ausgegangen, dass die Nachhaltigkeit der Landwirtschaft eher erreicht werden kann, wenn unterschiedliche Landwirtschaftsmodelle flexibel kombiniert werden können. Die unterschiedlichen Modelle reflektieren die Möglichkeiten der regionalen Kultur, Produktionsmöglichkeiten, Multifunktionalitätspotenzial, Ökologie und historische Besitzverhältnisse und Strukturen. Das Projekt soll Wege aufzeigen, wie die regionale Nachhaltigkeit erhöht werden kann. Der Ansatz ist Transdisziplinär, d.h. wir arbeiten eng mit PraxispartnerInnen zusammen. FarmPath baut auf die theoretischen Ansätze von 'Transition studies' auf, sowie auf den Ansätze von Anpassungsfähigkeit und Resilienz von landwirtschaftlichen Systemen.
BIOFECTOR is an integrated project with the aim to reduce input of mineral fertilisers in European agriculture by development of specifically adapted bio-effectors (BEs) to improve the efficiency of alternative fertilisation strategies, such as organic and low-input farming, use of fertilisers based on waste recycling products and fertiliser placement technologies. Bio-effectors addressed comprise fungal strains of Trichoderma, Penicillium and Sebacinales, as well as bacterial strains of Bacillus and Pseudomonades with well-characterized root growth promoting and nutrient-solubilising potential. Natural extraction products of seaweed, compost and plant extracts, as well as their purified active compounds with protective potential against biotic and abiotic stresses are also tested in various combinations. These features offer perspectives for a more efficient use of nutrients by strategic combination with the alternative fertilisation strategies. Maize, wheat and tomato are chosen as representative crops. Laboratory and European-wide field experiments assure product adaptation to the various geo-climatic conditions characteristic for European agriculture. The final goal is the development of viable alternatives to the conventional practice of mineral fertilisation as contribution to a more efficient management of the non-renewable resources of mineral nutrients, energy and water, to preserve soil fertility and to counteract the adverse environmental impact of agricultural production.
Ziel des gesamten Projektes besteht zum einen in der Entwicklung neuer Anbau-, Futter- und Weide-Produktionssysteme mit Leguminosen, die die Umweltauswirkungen der europ. Agrar-Systeme reduzieren und zum anderen in der Durchführung sozio-ökonom. Analysen und Umweltbewertungen. Dazu wird die Forschung einen wissenschaftl. fundierten Rahmen, Strategien, Methoden und Instrumente zur Bewertung der ökologischen und ökonomischen Auswirkungen neuer leguminosenbasierten Anbausysteme aufstellen. Die spez. Ziele des Projekts sind: 1. Das Verwalten von 18 Fallstudien in Europa basierend auf etablierte Feldversuche, welche über neue Anbausystem-Designs informieren und diese validieren und die Schaffung einer Anlaufstelle für die lokale Entwicklung der Rolle von Leguminosen in neuen Anbausysteme (WP1). 2 Die Entwicklung neuer Anbausysteme für Europas pedo-klimatische Zonen durch Nutzung der Modellierung unter der Inanspruchnahme der Daten der Fallstudien, die durch das Projekt vernetzt sind (WP 1, 2, 4, und 6). 3 Die Quantifizierung der Ressourcennutzung unter Nutzung von biophysikalischen und ökonomischen Modellen (z.B. fossile Energieträger), zusammen mit den sozio-ökonomischen und ökol. Auswirkungen von kontrastierenden Anbau- und Landwirtschaftssystem-Szenarien in einem Skalenbereich (von lokal zu global) (WP 4, 6). 4 Die Identifizierung der großflächigen Umweltauswirkungen der Leguminosennutzung innerhalb der Anbausysteme (z.B. Kohlenstoff- und Stickstoff-Kreislauf, Treibhausgasemissionen, Bodenqualität, Biodiversität, Auswirkungen auf Schädlinge und Krankheiten), einschließl. der systematischen Messungen der Lachgasemissionen (WP3). 5 Die Inanspruchnahme von Daten aus bestehenden und neuen Feldexperimenten und aus Stakeholder-Interaktionen, um das Elitesaatgut einer breiten Palette von Leguminosenarten und ihrer symbiotischen Organismen im Hinblick auf ihre Eignung in den neuen Anbausystemen zu beurteilen (WP2). 6 Die Bereitstellung von bewerteten Szenarien um die Entwicklung von Lieferketten, einschließlich der Tierfütterungssysteme (für Wiederkäuer, Monogastrier, Geflügel und Fisch), zu unterstützen, basierend auf diese Anbausysteme in Verbindung mit den fortlaufenden Forschungsarbeiten im Konsortium, dem Input unserer lokalen und internationalen Stakeholder-Foren und der umfangreichen Literatur (WP1, 2, 4, 5, 6). 7 Die Bereitstellung einer ausführlichen und vollständigen Bewertung des Potenzials von Leguminosen im Non-Food-Sektor und die Auswirkung dieses Potenzials für die Gestaltung der Anbausysteme (WP5). 8 Das Erleichtern des Zugangs zur umfassenderen Wissensbasis über Leguminosen und die Verbreitung von Informationen über neue agronomische, ökologische und soziale Auswirkungen von Leguminosen in Anbausysteme (WP1, 2, 5). 9 Die Entwicklung und Verbesserung von Leguminosen-Wissensressourcen durch die Sammlung und Verknüpfung von Daten und Wissen, die zur Einrichtung eines 'European Legume Crop Biological Resources Centre' führen (WP2, 5).
SUNBIOPATH - towards a better sunlight to biomass conversion efficiency in microalgae - is an integrated program of research aimed at improving biomass yields and valorisation of biomass for two Chlorophycean photosynthetic microalgae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Dunaliella salina. Biomass yields will be improved at the level of primary processes that occur in the chloroplasts (photochemistry and sunlight capture by the light harvesting complexes) and in the cell (biochemical pathways and signalling mechanisms that influence ATP synthesis). Optimal growth of the engineered microalgae will be determined in photobioreactors, and biomass yields will be tested using a scale up approach in photobioreactors of different sizes (up to 250 L), some of which being designed and built during SUNBIOPATH. Biomethane production will be evaluated. Compared to other biofuels, biomethane is attractive because the yield of biomass to fuel conversion is higher. Valorisation of biomass will also be achieved through the production of biologicals. Significant progress has been made in the development of chloroplast genetic engineering in microalgae such as Chlamydomonas, however the commercial exploitation of this technology still requires additional research. SUNBIOPATH will address the problem of maximising transgenic expression in the chloroplast and will develop a robust system for chloroplast metabolic engineering by developing methodologies such as inducible expression and trans-operon expression. A techno economic analysis will be made to evaluate the feasibility of using these algae for the purposes proposed (biologicals production in the chloroplast and/or biomethane production) taking into account their role in CO2 mitigation.
EnviGuard is a response to the growing need for accurate real time monitoring of the seas/ocean and the aquaculture industries need for a reliable and cost-effective risk management tool. The implementation of the EnviGuard system will allow for early detection of harmful algae blooms (HAB), chemical contaminants, viruses and toxins thus preventing economic losses. The modular EnviGuard system will be made up of three different sensor modules (microalgae / pathogens, i.e. viruses & bacteria / toxins & chemicals), that are connected to the common interface 'EnviGuard Port' which collects and sends the information to a server. The data will be accessible through a website in real-time. The modularity of the system enables an individual setup for each purpose thus offering a tailor-made solution for each future client.
Global apiculture is facing an unprecedented crisis of increasing parasite pressure and a loss of hon-eybee biodiversity. SMARTBEES unites a team of experts with the necessary skills to build a bright and sustainable future. The SMARTBEES concept is low risk and high impact, using established protocols and state-of-the-art methods. Including world leading researchers from outwith the traditional honeybee sphere (e.g. acarology, genetic breeding and insect immunology). We will identify crucial facets of honeybee resistance to colony losses, Varroa and viruses. We will provide a step-change in the current mechanistic understanding of these traits, and will characterise the genetic background of the resistance mechanisms in honeybees. We will develop breeding strategies to increase the frequencies of these valuable traits in local honeybee populations, considering the variable need of both common and endangered subspecies and local beekeeping practises. Breeding efforts concentrating on very few races may endanger genetic diversity, to avoid this SMARTBEES will promote multiple local breeding efforts, to conserve local resilient populations and will develop molecular tools for describing and safeguarding future populations. SMARTBEES recognizes responsibility to protect our natural honeybee heritage. SMARTBEES will commission extension science, and work in cooperation with stakeholders to attain conservation by utilisation. SMARTBEES will establish a network of apiaries for performance testing, to encourage local uptake of resistant traits. These will be run mainly by beekeepers, thereby improving the local acceptability and dissemination, and support the long-term sustainability of the apicultural sector. SMARTBEES recognises the need to horizon scan for new threats, and the consortium includes the current EU reference laboratory to that end. SMARTBEES is an opportunity to make a lasting difference to the health, resilience and genetic diversity of our honeybees.
Ergebnis von FutureFarm soll ein neues Farm-Informationsverwaltungssysteme (FMIS) sein, das helfen wird, Kommunikation, Anbau-Management und Dokumentation zu verbessern. Daten intensive Technologien wie Präzisionslandwirtschaft und Robotertechnik stellen eine Flut an Informationen zur Verfügung, die systematisiert, analysiert und spezifisch ausgewertet werden muss.
MariaBox will develop a wireless marine environment analysis device for monitoring chemical and biological pollutants while installed into a buoy, a maritime means of transport or a mooring. The device, based on novel biosensors, will be of high-sensitivity, portable and capable of repeating measurements over a long time, allowing permanent deployment at sea. The word 'MARIA' is the plural of the Latin 'mar' (sea) and expresses the wide applicability that this system offers in multiple locations where low-cost and real-time in situ analytical monitoring devices are required. The approach includes: a) a sensing and analysis box, b) a modular communication system, c) a flexible power system, d) a software platform, and e) a cell phone application. The box will transmit the collected data in real time through different channels according to local needs and geographical location: radio, GSM/GPRS/3G, WiFi, WiMAX or satellite link. The unit will be designed to be remotely controlled and will implement the OTA programming and OTA configuration features which will allow the user to update the firmware of the MariaBox unit and modify various configuration parameters wirelessly. Remote updates are a key factor in deployment scalability since it offers the only possibility of easily updating or reprogramming the devices after the initial deployment. Therefore, the maintenance costs are significantly reduced. Biosensors will be developed for 5 man-made chemicals and for 4 categories of microalgae toxins relevant to shell fish and fish farming. The novel biosensors will contribute to new standards for environmental analysis. The analytes selected for the biosensors are in line with 1) the Article 16 of the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), 2) the Decision 2455/2001/EC and 3) The Commission Directive 2009/90/EC. The system developed will be demonstrated and validated in four different scenarios in selected locations in Norway, Spain, Cyprus and Ireland.
Das Projekt zielt darauf ab die genetischen Ressourcen von Leguminosen in Europa zu untersuchen um Ihre nachhaltige Produktion und Nutzung zu fördern. Neue Sorten und neue Lebens-und Futtermittel sollen die Proteinproduktion in der EU wettbewerbsfähiger und nachhaltiger machen. Kurzfristige Ziele S & T: 1. Bewertung lokaler genetischer Ressourcen von Erbse (Pisum sativum L.), Ackerbohne (Vicia faba L.) und Augenbohne (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) für die Entwicklung von neuen Sorten für Lebens- und Futtermittel und die weitere Verwendung in der Zucht; 2. Entwicklung neuer Lebens- und Futtermittel aus verfügbaren europäischen Sorten von Erbse, Ackerbohne und Augenbohne; 3. Auswahl geeigneter Rhizobienstämme und arbuskulären Mykorrhizapilze zur Unterstützung der Stickstofffixierung und Entwicklung von neuen, kommerziellen Sporen-Impfstoffen; 4. Bewertung des Einflusses von Leguminosen auf die Bodeneigenschaften in nachhaltigen, regional-spezifischen Anbausystemen. Projektschwerpunkt an der BOKU sind die Wurzelsysteme.
OPTIBIOCAT is a 48 months project aimed at developing biocatalysts based on feruloyl esterases (FAEs) and glucuronoyl esterases (GEs) for production of phenolic fatty- and sugar- esters with antioxidant activity for cosmetic industry, expanding the number/type of industrial biotransformations. Selected FAEs and GEs available within the consortium will be improved for their thermo- and solvent- resistance and substrate specificity by site-directed mutagenesis and directed evolution. Novel enzymes will be discovered by mining for new genes from available genomes. An inventory of novel FAEs and GEs will be developed including 50 fungal and 500 bacterial esterases, 25 site-directed and 20 directed evolved mutants. Enzymatic performances will be optimized to enhance the yield (up to the theoretical yield of 100%) and productivity (up to 0.5-1 g/l/h) of reactions giving the main targeted antioxidants: butyl ferulate, p-coumarate, caffeate, sinapate and 5-O-(trans-feruloyl)-arabinofuranose (using FAEs), glucuronate and benzyl glucuronate (using GEs). FAEs and GEs will be also tested for production of other compounds with improved biological activity and properties of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity for cosmetic applications. Cost-effective methods will be developed for production of the new biocatalysts, in the g/L scale, and for their technical application to produce antioxidants for cosmetic industry, up to 20L. Enzyme immobilization will increase their recyclability up to ten cycles. The ability of the developed catalysts to work in conditions miming the industrial ones with reduced use of solvents and lower temperature than the chemical routes will be demonstrated. The techno-economic viability and environmental friendliness will be assessed considering a full industrial scale scenario. OPTIBIOCAT involves a highly skilled and multidisciplinary partnership of 16 partners from 8 EU countries, and it is a strongly industry driven project through the participation of 8 SMEs and 1 large company.
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