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Improving our understanding of the Earths climate phenomena, such as El Niño, has a huge economic and social impact for present and future generations, and can underpin advances in areas as diverse as energy, environment, agricultural, etc. There is a great shortage of qualified workforce to perform this task and a major challenge is the training of qualified researchers that can approach climate phenomena from a complex systems point of view. The ITN proposed here, Learning about Interacting Networks in Climate (LINC) aims to address these issues by training 12 ESRs and 3 ERs in the complete set of skills required to undertake a career in physics and geosciences with expertise in climatology, networks and complex systems. We will combine recent advances in network methodologies with state-of-the-art climate understanding. The consortium, comprising of 6 academic partners, 3 SMEs and one associate partner (also an SME) is in an excellent position to impart these skills, with expertise ranging from complex systems (network construction, nonlinear time series analysis), and environment and geosciences (nonlinear processes in the oceans and atmosphere) up to commercial applications (climate risk analysis, using climate networks to predict extreme events). The skills to be imparted in each of the 5 WPs (Network Construction and Analysis, Interacting Networks, Natural Climate Variability, Future Climate Change, and Tipping Points in the Climate System) can be applied across a wide range of interdisciplinary fields. In LINC the training of researchers will be aided by secondments at the commercial partners premises, a series of workshops, schools and a conference. The strong commitment towards training and research of the partners will guarantee graduates with full interdisciplinary capabilities, that will allow them to significantly advance the present knowledge of climate phenomena, and which will provide them a wide-range of career opportunities.
Die Kunststoffindustrie trägt etwa 23% zu den Gesamtverkaufszahlen der Chemischen Industrie in Europa bei, ist jedoch traditionell auf petrochemische Erzeugnisse für ihre Rohstoffe, Zusätze und Reaktionsmedien angewiesen. Im REFINE Projekt sollen nachhaltige Strategien zur Entwicklung von funktionellen Materialien für verschiedenste Polymer/Plastik-Anwendungen entwickelt werden. Im Netzwerk REFINE werden ausnahmslos grüne Rohmaterialien mit grünen Synthesewegen (Biotechnologie) und grünen Prozessen kombiniert. Vervollständigt wird dieser Ansatz durch kritische 'life cycle' Analysen und Endverbraucher Benchmarking, wobei gezielte relevante Anwendungen im industriellen Bereichen mit Polymeren für Coatings sowie mit Körperpflegeprodukten durchgeführt werden. Am Projekt beteiligt sind führende Experten aus den Polymer-, Materialwissenschafts- und Biotechnologiebereichen aus 6 akademischen Forschungseinrichtungen, 2 multinationalen Industrie End-Usern mit verschiedenen Anwendungsgebieten (Performance Polymere und Körperpflegeprodukten) und 1 SME. REFINE wird eine neue Generation von Materialforschern ausbilden, die sich der Auswirkung ihrer Arbeiten auf die Umwelt bewusst sind und die die dabei entwickelten Tools in ihren zukünftigen Arbeitsbereichen anwenden werden (nachhaltige Materialwissenschaftler). Diese einzigartige Kombination aus Wissenschaft, Industrieanwendungen und individuellem Training sowohl in lokalen Bereichen als auch im Netzwerk wird sich positiv auf die Arbeitsplatzsituation in der Bioplastik-Industrie auswirken. Vorhersagen zufolge wird es bis 2020 eine Zunahme von größer als 25% an verfügbaren Arbeitsplätzen in diesem Bereich geben. Die im REFINE Projekt entwickelte grüne Technologie kann direkt in die Industrie integriert werden, was wiederum zu einer grüneren und nachhaltigeren Gesellschaft führen wird.
The aim of CHANGEHABITATS 2 is the initiation of a long lasting intersectoral and international network in the field of environmental monitoring between industry and academia. Its aim is to develop operable, time and cost effective procedures, and (software) solutions for monitoring habitats using innovative airborne data acquisition techniques. Within the project two complementary data acquisition methods which are currently becoming established in the market will be concentrated on: airborne laser scanning and airborne hyperspectral imagery. These methods will be evaluated and their potential for manual and automatic derivation of habitat parameters - an unsolved problem so far - will be investigated for selected sites. Added value of the developed methods beyond habitat mapping will be explored, e.g. for river basin management. These aims will be achieved by tight integration of data producers, data processors and end users, building the network both from industry and academia. The project will support EU s NATURA2000 Directive, which prescribes repeated monitoring of over 50 million ha of habitat sites in Europe. The complexity and importance of habitat monitoring by airborne techniques will ensure close cooperation within the network beyond the project duration. Cost savings in an order of up to 3.4 Billion Euros at European level could be achieved by reducing expensive and laborious field work for habitat mapping by automated analysis of airborne sensed data, which is cheaper in acquisition and more homogeneous than subjective perception during the field work. The contributing SMEs will gain economic benefits and clear competitive advantages. For device manufacturers a new market for data acquisition devices will be opened, and for service providers faster and more accurate habitat mapping will result in enlarged project execution capacity, supporting national and regional administrative bodies in their environmental protection duties.
In the last years, Protists (Protozoa) gained a significant attention from the scientific community because of their role as Trojan horses respect to opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals. Although this role is nowadays well established and accepted for some Protists like Acanthamoeba, little is known for other groups of possible hosts. Recently, members of the coordinating unit of Pisa got evidences that many of the natural occurring bacterial symbionts of ciliates have a strong phylogenetic affiliation to human and animal (especially fish) pathogens like Rickettsia (Vannini et al., 2005; Ferrantini et al., 2009; Ferrantini et al., in prep) and Francisella (Schrallhammer et al., in prep.). These observations raised the question whether ciliates may also represent natural reservoirs for potentially pathogenic bacteria especially in tropical regions where the environmental conditions favor microbial growth and fast evolution. Furthermore tropical countries are predicted as the Hot Spot for emerging infectious diseases and zoonosis due to hygienic standards lower than in Western countries and the living together of humans with their farmed animals. Aim of the present project is to set up an international research network that, starting from the collection of novel isolates especially from tropical regions, performs a complete ecological, functional and evolutionary genomic investigation on symbiotic bacteria retrieved from ciliates that shows phylogenetic affinities to pathogenic ones. Units from the proposed network posses expertise that ranges from the traditional morphological investigation to advanced ultrastructure, ecology, functional biology, molecular phylogeny, comparative genomics and postgenomics. Aim of the research network will be to coordinate the research activities of the involved units into joined projects and to transfer know-how to the younger researcher to allow them to reestablish the acquired competences in their home laboratories.
There is a pressing need to improve our understanding of climate processes and their impacts in order to develop appropriate adaptation and mitigation measures. Increasing concentrations of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) are known to be causing changes in global climate patterns, and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. However, our ability to predict future climatic states is still limited for a variety of reasons. Key among these is our understanding of the coupled behaviour of the components of the Earth system that contribute to the evolution of GHG concentrations, climate responses, and the impacts of environmental change. Earth System Models (ESMs) have emerged as our most important tool with which to test our understanding and predict the coupled behaviour of the many interacting components. However, a variety of recent observations indicate that changes are occurring at faster rates than predicted, suggesting that we are underestimating the strength of feedbacks in the Earth system. We propose a research training programme that will have as its scientific focus the evaluation, improvement, and application of a range of different ESMs. We will consider all the important anthropogenic greenhouse gases and will undertake a range of projects, broadly classed into data and model benchmarking, marine processes, terrestrial processes, high latitude feedbacks, and coupled modelling. Science projects by individual fellows will enhance links between network partners as well as considerably improve our understanding of Earth system feedbacks. A comprehensive, coordinated range of training events will be provided. We will foster the next generation of Earth system scientists and reduce uncertainties in future Earth system behaviour, thereby greatly improving the quality of knowledge available to policy makers and significantly strengthening European science.
This project aims to provide improved process understanding, new knowledge, methods, new and improved numerical tools, resulting in decision support systems serving decision-making at protection of coasts against flooding and erosion. Project resultys will contribute to improve reliability of coastal protection structures, and introduce an environmentally friendly approach in coastal protection. The activities will focus on work-out/improve/coordinate numerical model tools that are able to manage interactive data and forecast (by numerical simulations) short term (storm surge, tsunami) and long term (erosion, water level change) phenomena with respect to coastal protection. Project objectives will be pursued by exploring the available experience of the partners, creating complementarities /synergies between them, and using basic preconditions, as follows: - Scientific potential of all partners, the available theoretical knowledge, and expected new findings in the field of coastal hydrodynamics and flooding and - Long-term research cooperation with Chinese partners (dated from 1989) in the field of coastal protection (including some joint model developments, and published papers) - Experience in use of advanced numerical models (MIKE FLOOD, MIKE 21HD/CAMS, SWAN, VOF), as well as GIS data handling abilities, providing links to field observations and related monitoring programs - Well proven expertise in the field of coastal protection & risk management (via EU Coastal protection Projects: EU-FLOWS/FLOODsite/DELOS/CLAS and other - Experience in Environmentally Friendly Coastal Protection, advanced & innovative coastal technologies. Project output should finally help decision makers in: - improving co-ordination of coastal erosion and surface water flood risk - strengthening emergency planning arrangements - managing the investment of significant levels of public funding - helping communities adapt to climate change.
The CI-NERGY Marie Curie Initial Training Network (ITN) aims to train young scientists to develop urban decision making and operational optimisation software tools to minimise non-renewable energy use in cities. The training will be carried out by a close collaboration of six of the best academic research centres and four leading industrial companies from the energy and software technology sector (Siemens, WienEnergie, EDF/EIFER, and IES). The research fellows will apply their results in two case study cities (Geneva and Vienna), which were chosen for their very ambitious sustainability goals. The CI-NERGY network will be a highly multi-disciplinary coordinated PhD programme on urban energy sustainability, covering the key challenges in cities related to a low carbon future. There is a gap in high level integrated training in the urban energy research field, which is due to the wide range of fragmented disciplines from building physics and energy supply technologies with electrical and thermal engineering up to software engineering and information technology. The CI-NERGY network wide training provided by excellent academic and industry partners from all areas of smart cities will close this gap. The impact of the network training activities will be highly noticeable for energy supply utilities, IT companies, policy makers, urban planners, researchers on sustainable urban energy systems and finally the inhabitants of cities themselves. All sectors mentioned will provide excellent career opportunities for the research fellows, who will gain excellent knowledge of the sectorial requirements by a structured secondment plan.
The strong temporal dynamics of the East African landscape and natural-resource distributions have always encouraged people to innovate and adapt to changing conditions. However, increasing population growth, changes in patterns of land tenure, industrialization, weak systems of governance, and global climate change have exacerbated previously localized environmental problems such as soil erosion, depletion of water catchments, loss of forests and grazing land, falling soil fertility and biodiversity. Novel approaches for resolving these challenges are thus urgently needed. Based on the premise that the past is key to understanding the present and planning for the future, this ITN will establish a leading European training network devoted to combining state-of-the-art research methods to tap into under-appreciated knowledge of how indigenous peoples have previously adapted to East Africa's intrinsically unstable climate and land/water resources. By bringing together ecologists, archaeologists, anthropologists, geographers, historians and agronomists the ITN will provide cross-disciplinary training to a new generation of researchers, enabling them to interpret data relating to past and present socio-cultural and ecological dynamics from across the environmental and social sciences and the humanities. Organized by researchers from seven European universities in partnership with Bayer East Africa and U&We, the ITN will co-operate closely with academic counterparts, private-sector stakeholders, NGOs and local communities in East Africa. It will highlight how detailed awareness of the complex history of human-environment interaction in East Africa is central to well-founded and ecologically sustainable resource management, thereby restore the important function of indigenous know-how crucial for devising development policies and climate-risk management for specific areas, and train a new generation of future ecosystem-service managers, policy makers and entrepreneurs.
The proposed European-US and South American network IMet will advance climate and (eco-) system change research at the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), a region of recent rapid aerial warming. WAP glaciers tribute to global sea level rise, and functioning and services of coastal ecosystems are massively threatened by the fast regional warming. Data sets from recent interdisciplinary European-South American field work within ESF-IMCOAST (PolarCLIMATE April 2010-March 2013) and from the Jubany scientific core programme at King George Island (KGI) will be nected and cross-validated with southern stations on WAP: the US Palmer and the British Rothera station. Links with both stations and program leaders (Ducklow, CU, New York, US (formerly at MBL Woods Hole,US); and Meredith, NERC-BAS, Cambridge, UK) have been established in IMCOAST. IMet objectives are A) to develop predictive climate change and ecosystem models for the whole WAP coastal environment based on existing data sets and data exchange policies, B) transfer of knowledge between partner countries to enhance collaboration with high quality long-term measuring programs at all 3 stations, to fill present measuring gaps. This will solidify the basis for the prediction of climate change effects in the South. The proposed sortium sists of 16 institutional partners across 10 countries with 85 travelling scientists. Ten partners already collaborate successfully as EU and associated teams in ESF-IMCOAST, and IMet will be coordinated by the same PI (Abele, AWI). Whereas ESRs are seded mostly for longer training and collaboration periods, exchange of ERs will also foster joint teaching in the partner countries and collaboration in future science projects. The cept of IMet is to strengthen European engagement in Antarctic climate change research, as complementing approach to the major EU focus in the Arctic. It will sustain ongoing European Antarctic research in a future network with competent South American partners.
Permafrost ecosystems in the high Northern latitudes are estimated to store about 1700 Petagram of carbon, which is roughly 50% of the total global belowground carbon, or about double the amount currently contained in the global atmosphere. Future climate projections indicate a strong warming potential for these regions over the next century, which may significantly alter the biogeochemical processes governing the carbon cycle, and thus holds the potential to partly destabilize and release these enormous existing carbon reservoirs. At the same time, the database on carbon exchange fluxes between surface and atmosphere is sparse compared to the size of the region, and significant gaps exist concerning e.g. the coverage of specific landscape units, or observations during the cold season. As a consequence, many processes within the permafrost carbon cycle remain poorly understood, leading to large uncertainties in climate model simulations for this region. To close existing gaps in both flux Arctic flux databases and process understanding, integrated monitoring and modeling tools are required that provide insight into feedback mechanisms between permafrost ecosystems and climate change. This project will establish year-round observation systems in the permafrost region that integrate over multiple spatiotemporal scales to capture carbon flux variability from local to continental levels. The obtained information will be used to identify causal links between environmental drivers and patterns in carbon fluxes based on an integrated framework of atmospheric transport modeling, multivariate statistics, geostatistical inversion and biogeochemical process modeling. The resulting insights into biogeochemical mechanisms will help to improve process representation in modeling frameworks, with the overarching objective to reduce uncertainties in climate projections.
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