During the BALTIC'15 campaign in August 2015 over the Southern Baltic Sea, measurements of chemical composition and vacuum-aerodynamic diameter of individual aerosol particles were conducted by the Aircraft-based laser ablation aerosol mass spectrometer (ALABAMA) operated by the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (Particle Chemistry Department). Measurements were performed on board the Alfred Wegener Institute research aircraft Polar 5. Four research flights were conducted: - Scientific flight 1 (SF1) on August 26, 2015 - Scientific flight 2 (SF2) on August 28, 2015 - Scientific flight 3 (SF3) on August 28, 2015 - Scientific flight 5 (SF4) on August 30, 2015. The data set contains sampling time, location, identified particle types, and particle size (if available). For detailed information on data processing and particle type characterization, please refer to the publication by Zanatta et al. (2019) or contact the authors: Franziska Köllner (f.koellner@mpic.de) and Johannes Schneider (Johannes.schneider@mpic.de).
Nearly all processes in soils take place at biogeochemical interfaces. Until now, specific interfacial parameters which are able to link the chemical surface structure with physical interactions in the liquid phase (wettability, sorption) are still missing. Our hypothesis is that thermodynamically defined surface parameters like the contact angle and surface free energy components (dispersive and acid-base components) may be appropriate as effective parameters, complementary to soil properties like pH, texture or cation exchange capacity. To relate effective parameters to chemical structure, the contact angle relevant interphase will be analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Knowledge of effective parameters should allow to detect relevant modifications of the interfaces or to explain interactions between surfaces and pore water (liquid penetration dynamics), solutes (pesticides) or dispersed particles (colloids). We will apply a thermodynamically-based concept to quantify the transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic wetting systems. The significance of this transition i.e. on pore liquid distribution and geometry (film thickness and fragmentation), will be analyzed with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Modification of natural and model soils by chemical treatment and cation exchange will ensure a wide range of parameter variation.
The high-resolution digital surface model (DSM1, DOM1) of the watercourses Elbe and Lower Havel is based on the airborne laser scanning data, undertaken from 06 January 2022 to 18 March 2022 in the Elbe area and from 20 to 22 December 2021 in the Havel area. It was produced and published by Germany’s Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), on behalf of the River Basin Community Elbe (RBC Elbe, FGG Elbe). The work was supported by the German Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration (WSV) and the surveying offices and water management administrations of six German states - Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Brandenburg, Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Schleswig-Holstein. The data cover both the area around the inland water stretches of the Elbe from the Czech-German border to the village of Zollenspieker (part of the city of Hamburg) and the Lower Havel waterway from the town of Rathenow to its confluence with the Elbe. Since the dataset has a large coverage of 4,043 km², it is split into 62 sections. They were either labelled *HW in case of flood relevant areas (in German: “hochwasser-relevante Gebiete”) or *AU in case of historical floodplains (in German: “Altauengebiete”). Financing was divided according to these categories: In the HW areas, the project was co-funded by BfG, the WSV and the federal states, while in the AU areas, BfG covered all project costs. For each section we provide hillshade (*HS) and height maps (*NHN). The data are available in a raster resolution of 1 meter in GeoTiff format; Coordinate reference frame: ETRS89.DREF91.R16; Coordinate projection: UTM Zone 33N; EPSG-Code: 25833; Height reference system: DHHN2016, national vertical reference frame in Germany (2022). For further information please contact us. Citation short: BfG et al. / i.A. FGG Elbe (2025)
This dataset contains experimental data from a one-month aquarium-based bleaching experiment conducted on Large Benthic Foraminifera (Amphistegina lobifera) from 16 November to 16 December 2022 at the Marine Experimental Facility of the Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany. The aim of the experiment was to obtain symbiont-free A. lobifera individuals for future re-inoculation studies and symbiont switching experiments. The foraminifera were originally collected in May 2022 at the Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences (IUI) in Eilat, Israel (29°30'07.8N, 34°55'04.9E) and maintained in culture in Germany until the start of the experiment. To assess the effectiveness of two chemical agents—menthol and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU)—in disrupting symbiosis, photosynthetic efficiency (measured as maximum quantum yield, Fv/Fm) was recorded every other day during the first week of the experiment using a Pulse-Amplitude-Modulated (PAM) fluorometer. Fv/Fm measurements were discontinued after the first week due to complete inhibition of photosynthesis. Symbiont coverage (%) was assessed on day one and then weekly until week four using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM).
Nanopartikel (NP) sind neuartige Schadstoffe, deren Umweltverhalten sich grundlegend von molekularen Schadstoffen unterscheidet. Die Sorption von natürlichen organischen Substanzen (NOM) an NP ist ein Schlüsselfaktor für das weitere Umweltverhalten der NP wie Aggregation oder Sorption auf Oberflächen. Verfügbaren Daten zum Verhalten von NP beschränken sich auf Laborstudien unter stark vereinfachte Bedingungen. Für die Modellierung des Verbleibs von NP in der Umwelt ist es daher unerlässlich, die Sorptionsmechanismen unter umweltrelevanten Bedingungen zu erforschen. Dafür haben wir eine neue Methode entwickelt und validiert, bei der die NP mittels eines Dialysebeutels im Kontakt mit den gelösten Komponenten des Gewässers gebracht werden. Diese Methode ermöglicht es erstmals Partikel mit einer realistischen NOM Oberflächenbeschichtung (Coating) zu erhalten. Moderne Methoden der Oberflächencharakterisierung erlauben es zudem, die Zusammensetzung und Eigenschaften von NP Coatings detailliert zu untersuchen. Ziel dieses Projekts ist es, die Sorptionsmechanismen unter Umweltbedingungen, ihren Einfluss auf die kolloidale Stabilität und ihren Zusammenhang mit dem initialen NP Coating zu erforschen und vorherzusagen. Dazu werden die Zusammensetzungen und die Eigenschaften der unter Feldbedingungen gebildeten NP Coatings für fünf TiO2-Nanopartikeltypen, einschließlich der aus kommerziellen Produkten extrahierten Partikel, untersucht. Diese Partikel werden in 60 ausgewählten Gewässern, welche einer großen Bandbreite an wasserchemischen Parametern entsprechen, mittels Dialysebeutelmethode exponiert. Nach der Entnahme werden die Partikel mit XPS, FT-IR, ToF-SIMS und AFM analysiert, um die Oberflächenzusammensetzung, den Sorptionsmodus und die Schichtdicke des Coatings zu bestimmen. Zur Untersuchung der Schichtdicke mittels AFM wird eine neu entwickelte Probenpräparationsmethode weiterentwickelt und validiert. Die molekulare Zusammensetzung und Stabilität der NP Coatings werden mittels direkter Messung von Molekülen auf der Partikeloberfläche mit einer neu entwickelten Laser-Desorptions-Ionisation ultrahochauflösender FT-ICR MS Methode sowie sequentieller Extraktion, gefolgt von Elektrospray-Ionisation FT-ICR MS untersucht. Zudem werden Experimente zur Aggregationskinetik der exponierten NP durchgeführt. Dazu werden Proben der 60 Gewässer mit und ohne natürliche Kolloide verwendet, um Hetero- und Homoaggregation zu berücksichtigen. Die gewonnenen Daten werden in ein multivariates Machine-Learning-Modell einfließen, um die Beziehung zwischen initialem Coating, Coating mit NOM nach Exposition, der Gewässerchemie und der Aggregation der Partikel zu bestimmen und um die Eigenschaften des Coatings und die Aggregationsrate aus den vorliegenden Wasserparametern vorherzusagen. Die Modellergebnisse werden wertvolle Beiträge für die Vorhersage des Umweltverhaltens von Nanopartikeln in natürlichen Gewässern liefern.
Agriculture is the major contributor of nitrogen to ecosystems, both by organic and inorganic fertilizers. Percolation of nitrate to groundwater and further transport to surface waters is assumed to be one of the major pathways in the fate of this nitrogen. The quantification of groundwater and associated nitrate flux to streams is still challenging. In particular because we lack understanding of the spatial distribution and temporal variability of groundwater and associated NO3- fluxes. In this preliminary study we will focus on the identification and quantification of groundwater and associated nitrate fluxes by combining high resolution distributed fiber-optic temperature sensing (DTS) with in situ UV photometry (ProPS). DTS is a new technique that is capable to measure temperature over distances of km with a spatial resolution of ca1 m and an accuracy of 0.01 K. It has been applied successfully to identify and quantify sources of groundwater discharge to streams. ProPS is a submersible UV process photometer, which uses high precision spectral analyses to provide single substance concentrations, in our case NO3-, at minute intervals and a detection limit of less than 0.05 mg l-1 (ca.0.01 mg NO3--Nl-1). We will conduct field experiments using artificial point sources of lateral inflow to test DTS and ProPS based quantification approaches and estimate their uncertainty. The selected study area is the Schwingbach catchment in Hessen, Germany, which has a good monitoring infrastructure. Preliminary research on hydrological fluxes and field observations indicate that the catchment favors the intended study.
To overcome the limitation in spatial and temporal resolution of methane oceanic measurements, sensors are needed that can autonomously detect CH4-concentrations over longer periods of time. The proposed project is aimed at:- Designing molecular receptors for methane recognition (cryptophane-A and -111) and synthesizing new compounds allowing their introduction in polymeric structure (Task 1; LC, France); - Adapting, calibrating and validating the 2 available optical technologies, one of which serves as the reference sensor, for the in-situ detection and measurements of CH4 in the marine environments (Task 2 and 3; GET, LAAS-OSE, IOW) Boulart et al. (2008) showed that a polymeric filmchanges its bulk refractive index when methane docks on to cryptophane-A supra-molecules that are mixed in to the polymeric film. It is the occurrence of methane in solution, which changes either the refractive index measured with high resolution Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR; Chinowsky et al., 2003; Boulart et al, 2012b) or the transmitted power measured with differential fiber-optic refractometer (Boulart et al., 2012a; Aouba et al., 2012).- Using the developed sensors for the study of the CH4 cycle in relevant oceanic environment (the GODESS station in the Baltic Sea, Task 4 and 5; IOW, GET); GODESS registers a number of parameters with high temporal and vertical resolution by conducting up to 200 vertical profiles over 3 months deployment with a profiling platform hosting the sensor suite. - Quantifying methane fluxes to the atmosphere (Task 6); clearly, the current project, which aims at developing in-situ aqueous gas sensors, provides the technological tool to achieve the implementation of ocean observatories for CH4. The aim is to bring the fiber-optic methane sensor on the TRL (Technology Readiness Level) from their current Level 3 (Analytical and laboratory studies to validate analytical predictions) - to the Levels 5 and 6 (Component and/or basic sub-system technology validation in relevant sensing environments) and compare it to the SPR methane sensor, taken as the reference sensor (current TRL 5). This would lead to potential patent applications before further tests and commercialization. This will be achieved by the ensemble competences and contributions from the proposed consortium in this project.
This dataset contains geochemical variables measured in six depth profiles from ombrotrophic peatlands in North and Central Europe. Peat cores were taken during the spring and summer of 2022 from Amtsvenn (AV1), Germany; Drebbersches Moor (DM1), Germany; Fochteloër Veen (FV1), the Netherlands; Bagno Kusowo (KR1), Poland; Pichlmaier Moor (PI1), Austria and Pürgschachen Moor (PM1), Austria. The cores AV1, DM1 and KR1 were taken using a Wardenaar sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands) and had diameter of 10 cm. The cores FV1, PM1 and PI1 had an 8 cm diameter and were obtained using an Instorf sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands). The cores FV1, DM1 and KR1 were 100 cm, core AV1 was 95 cm, core PI1 was 85 cm and core PM1 was 200 cm. The cores were subsampeled in 1 cm (AV1, DM1, KR1, FV1) and 2 cm (PI1, PM1) sections. The subsamples were milled after freeze drying in a ballmill using tungen carbide accesoires. X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF; ZSX Primus II, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) was used to determine Al (μg g-1), As (μg g-1), Ba (μg g-1), Br (μg g-1), Ca (g g-1), Cl (μg g-1), Cr (μg g-1), Cu (μg g-1), Fe (g g-1), K (g g-1), Mg (μg g-1), Mn (μg g-1), Na (μg g-1), P (μg g-1), Pb (μg g-1), Rb (μg g-1), S (μg g-1), Si (μg g-1), Sr (μg g-1), Ti (μg g-1) and Zn (μg g-1). These data were processed and calibrated using the iloekxrf package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024) in R. C, N and their stable isotopes were determined using an elemental analyser linked to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-3000, Eurovector, Pavia, Italy & Nu Horizon, Nu Instruments, Wrexham, UK). C and N were given in units g g-1 and stable isotopes were given as δ13C and δ15N for stable isotopes of C and N, respectively. Raw data C, N and stable isotope data were calibrated with certified standard and blank effects were corrected with the ilokeirms package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024). Using Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIR) (Agilent Cary 670 FTIR spectromter, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, Ca, USA) humification indices (HI) were determined. Spectra were recorded from 600 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1 with a resolution of 2 cm-1 and baselines corrected with the ir package (Teickner, 2025) to estimate relative peack heights. The HI (no unit) for each sample was calculated by taking the ratio of intensities at 1630 cm-1 to the intensities at 1090 cm-1. Bulk densities (g cm-3) were estimated from FT-MIR data (Teickner et al., in preparation).
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