Die biologischen Verfahren zur Abgasreinigung lassen sich in nasse und trockene Verfahren unterteilen. Das vorliegende Projekt beschaeftigt sich mit der trockenen biologischen Abgasreinigung. Das Ziel ist die Erprobung von herkoemmlichen Filtermedien, d.h. Gewebefilter aus Natur- und Kunstfasern fuer die Ansiedlung von Bakterien zu verwenden. Die Filtermedien werden von dem zu reinigenden Gas durchstroemt. Die darin befindlichen Schadstoffe, in ueberwiegendem Masse Geruchsstoffe, werden in die mit einer duennen Feuchtigkeitsschicht ueberzogenen Fasern uebertragen. An dieser Stelle werden sie sodann von den Mikroorganismen in unschaedliche Stoffe umgewandelt. Die Verwendung von Filtermedien zur biologischen Abgasreinigung eroeffnet diesem Verfahren neue Einsatzbereiche in Industrie und Gewerbe. Die bisher ueblichen Verfahren sind weitgehend auf die Landtechnik beschraenkt.
Nearly all processes in soils take place at biogeochemical interfaces. Until now, specific interfacial parameters which are able to link the chemical surface structure with physical interactions in the liquid phase (wettability, sorption) are still missing. Our hypothesis is that thermodynamically defined surface parameters like the contact angle and surface free energy components (dispersive and acid-base components) may be appropriate as effective parameters, complementary to soil properties like pH, texture or cation exchange capacity. To relate effective parameters to chemical structure, the contact angle relevant interphase will be analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Knowledge of effective parameters should allow to detect relevant modifications of the interfaces or to explain interactions between surfaces and pore water (liquid penetration dynamics), solutes (pesticides) or dispersed particles (colloids). We will apply a thermodynamically-based concept to quantify the transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic wetting systems. The significance of this transition i.e. on pore liquid distribution and geometry (film thickness and fragmentation), will be analyzed with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Modification of natural and model soils by chemical treatment and cation exchange will ensure a wide range of parameter variation.
The increasing proportion of carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) in different branches of industry will result in an increasingly larger quantity of CFRP wastes in future. With regard to improved management of natural resources, it is necessary to add these fibres that require energy-intensive production to effective recycling management. But high-quality material recycling is only ecoefficient if the recycled fibres can be used to produce new high-quality and marketable products. Tests carried out up to now indicate that very good results can be expected for large-scale recycling of carbon fibres by means of pyrolysis. The waste pyrolysis plant (WPP) operated in Burgau is the only large-scale pyrolysis plant for municipal wastes in Germany. Use of this plant to treat CFRP wastes represents a unique opportunity for the whole Southern German economy and in particular the Augsburg economic region. In a study funded by the Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Health ('Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Umwelt und Gesundheit'), the specific implementation options for the recovery of carbon fibres from composites by means of large-scale pyrolysis have been under investigation since November 2010. To this end, in the first step a development study was carried out, which in particular examined the options for modifying the Burgau WPP for the recycling of CFRP. The knowledge acquired from the pyrolysis tests, the fibre tests and the economic feasibility study confirmed the positive assessment of the overall concept of CFRP recycling in Burgau. As an overall result, unlimited profitability was found for all scenarios with regard to investments in CFRP recycling in Burgau WPP. The work on the development study was carried out by bifa Umweltinstitut GmbH together with the Augsburg-based 'function integrated lightweight construction project group ('Funktionsintegrierter Leichtbau' - FIL) of the Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology (ICT). Methods: analysis and moderation of social processes, economy and management consulting, process engineering
To overcome the limitation in spatial and temporal resolution of methane oceanic measurements, sensors are needed that can autonomously detect CH4-concentrations over longer periods of time. The proposed project is aimed at:- Designing molecular receptors for methane recognition (cryptophane-A and -111) and synthesizing new compounds allowing their introduction in polymeric structure (Task 1; LC, France); - Adapting, calibrating and validating the 2 available optical technologies, one of which serves as the reference sensor, for the in-situ detection and measurements of CH4 in the marine environments (Task 2 and 3; GET, LAAS-OSE, IOW) Boulart et al. (2008) showed that a polymeric filmchanges its bulk refractive index when methane docks on to cryptophane-A supra-molecules that are mixed in to the polymeric film. It is the occurrence of methane in solution, which changes either the refractive index measured with high resolution Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR; Chinowsky et al., 2003; Boulart et al, 2012b) or the transmitted power measured with differential fiber-optic refractometer (Boulart et al., 2012a; Aouba et al., 2012).- Using the developed sensors for the study of the CH4 cycle in relevant oceanic environment (the GODESS station in the Baltic Sea, Task 4 and 5; IOW, GET); GODESS registers a number of parameters with high temporal and vertical resolution by conducting up to 200 vertical profiles over 3 months deployment with a profiling platform hosting the sensor suite. - Quantifying methane fluxes to the atmosphere (Task 6); clearly, the current project, which aims at developing in-situ aqueous gas sensors, provides the technological tool to achieve the implementation of ocean observatories for CH4. The aim is to bring the fiber-optic methane sensor on the TRL (Technology Readiness Level) from their current Level 3 (Analytical and laboratory studies to validate analytical predictions) - to the Levels 5 and 6 (Component and/or basic sub-system technology validation in relevant sensing environments) and compare it to the SPR methane sensor, taken as the reference sensor (current TRL 5). This would lead to potential patent applications before further tests and commercialization. This will be achieved by the ensemble competences and contributions from the proposed consortium in this project.
Grain size composition of loess samples from LGM European loess sequences. Loess samples of about 200 g were prepared to extract the grain size fractions studied. Grain size separations were performed on at least 10 g of dry sample. First, the entire sample was sieved with demineralized water on 63 microns and 20 microns sieves. The rejects were collected, dried and weighed. The clay fraction was obtained by decanting the fraction below 20 microns. The rest of the sample was mixed and left to settle for 1 hour. This procedure is repeated until a transparent supernatant is obtained. The two fractions thus obtained are dried and weighed. The size of the different fractions was then checked by laser granulometry.