The increasing proportion of carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) in different branches of industry will result in an increasingly larger quantity of CFRP wastes in future. With regard to improved management of natural resources, it is necessary to add these fibres that require energy-intensive production to effective recycling management. But high-quality material recycling is only ecoefficient if the recycled fibres can be used to produce new high-quality and marketable products. Tests carried out up to now indicate that very good results can be expected for large-scale recycling of carbon fibres by means of pyrolysis. The waste pyrolysis plant (WPP) operated in Burgau is the only large-scale pyrolysis plant for municipal wastes in Germany. Use of this plant to treat CFRP wastes represents a unique opportunity for the whole Southern German economy and in particular the Augsburg economic region. In a study funded by the Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Health ('Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Umwelt und Gesundheit'), the specific implementation options for the recovery of carbon fibres from composites by means of large-scale pyrolysis have been under investigation since November 2010. To this end, in the first step a development study was carried out, which in particular examined the options for modifying the Burgau WPP for the recycling of CFRP. The knowledge acquired from the pyrolysis tests, the fibre tests and the economic feasibility study confirmed the positive assessment of the overall concept of CFRP recycling in Burgau. As an overall result, unlimited profitability was found for all scenarios with regard to investments in CFRP recycling in Burgau WPP. The work on the development study was carried out by bifa Umweltinstitut GmbH together with the Augsburg-based 'function integrated lightweight construction project group ('Funktionsintegrierter Leichtbau' - FIL) of the Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology (ICT). Methods: analysis and moderation of social processes, economy and management consulting, process engineering
Die Carboxylat-Exsudation ist ein wichtiger Prozess für Pflanzen, um eine ausreichende Nährstoffaufnahme, insbesondere in Böden mit Phosphor-Mangel, sicherzustellen. Die Gewinnung von Carboxylatproben von im Boden gewachsenen Wurzeln ist aufgrund der geringen Konzentrationen von Carboxylaten in der Bodenlösung und ihrer schnellen Mineralisierung durch Mikroben sehr anspruchsvoll. Deshalb wurden die meisten Studien bisher mit künstlichen Wachstumssystemen (z. B. Hydroponik) durchgeführt, von denen viele die Zusammensetzung und Menge der Wurzelexsudate beeinflussen können. Wegen dieser erheblichen technischen Lücke besteht immer noch eine große Wissenslücke hinsichtlich der räumlichen Verteilung von Carboxylat-Exsudaten in der Rhizosphäre, sowie hinsichtlich des zeitlichen Verlaufs der Exsudation über die Vegetationsperiode von Kulturpflanzen. Wir haben kürzlich eine niedrig-invasive Citrat-Exsudat-Probenahmemethode entwickelt, die auf der “Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films” Methode (DGT) basiert. Diese Methode stellt eine signifikante Verbesserung gegenüber bestehenden Techniken dar. In diesem Projekt werden wir (1) unsere DGT-Citrat-Probenahmemethode weiterentwickeln, um weitere wichtige Carboxylat-Exsudat-Verbindungen einzubeziehen, (2) die DGT-Chemical-Imaging-Funktion nutzen, um Carboxylat-Exsudations-Bildgebungs-Workflows mit mm- und sub-mm-Auflösung zu entwickeln, (3) die entwickelten DGT-Carboxylat-Probenahmemethoden hinsichtlich ihrer Möglichkeiten und Einschränkungen charakterisieren und (4) die DGT-Carboxylat-Probenahme anwenden, um die Rolle der Carboxylat-Exsudation bei der Phosphoraufnahmeeffizienz von Hartweizen-Genotypen über ihre Vegetationsperiode und mit hoher räumlicher Auflösung zu untersuchen. Ausgewählte Anionenaustauscherharze werden auf ihre Carboxylatbindungseigenschaften charakterisiert. Räumliche Carboxylatverteilungen werden durch Schneiden der DGT-Gele und durch hochauflösende Massenspektrometrie (LDI-FTICR-MS) visualisiert. Die Probenahmeeffizienz der neuen Methode wird unter Verwendung von Mikrodialyse (künstliche Wurzelsonden) in Kombination mit C-14-markierten Carboxylatverbindungen quantifiziert. Die numerische Simulation der Probenahme und der experimentelle Vergleich mit herkömmlichen Methoden werden die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der DGT-Carboxylat-Probenahme demonstrieren. Die neu entwickelte Probenahmetechnik wird die Probenahme von ganzen Wurzelsystemen und Wurzelsystemteilen, die Kartierung mit einer Auflösung im mm-Maßstab, die Abbildung von Exsudatgradienten im Mikrometer-Maßstab, und die wiederholte Probenahme über die gesamte Vegetationsperiode ermöglichen. Mit dieser neuartigen Methodik werden beispiellose Daten zu Carboxylat-Exsudationsmustern in Wurzelsystemen von Hartweizen gesammelt werden. Diese Methode wird eine wichtige technische Lücke schließen und zur Entwicklung/Auswahl von Kultursorten mit hoher Phosphoraufnahmeeffizienz beitragen.
Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem Ozean und der Troposphäre sind für viele Prozesse in beiden Systemen wichtig. Ein Schlüsselprozess stellt der Austausch von Spurengasen zwischen der Atmosphäre und dem Ozean dar. Die Emission von Dimethylsulfid (DMS) stellt die größte natürliche Quelle für reduzierten Schwefel in die Atmosphäre dar. Dort kann DMS zu Schwefeldioxid, Schwefelsäure oder Methansulfonsäure oxidiert werden. Diese Verbindungen sind wichtige Vorläufersubstanzen für sekundäre Aerosole, die den natürlichen Strahlungshaushalt und die Wolkenbildung beeinflussen können. Die chemische Prozessierung, d.h. die sekundäre Bildung und Oxidation von DMS-Oxidationsprodukten, ist jedoch noch immer schlecht verstanden. Daher ist die Implementierung in aktuelle Multiphasenchemiemechanismen und Klimamodellen begrenzt, wodurch die aktuellen Vorhersagen noch sehr unsicher sind. Um die bestehenden Lücken in unserem Verständnis der DMS-Multiphasenchemie weiter zu schließen, zielt das Projekt ADOniS darauf ab, (i) fortgeschrittene Laboruntersuchungen zur Gas- und Flüssigphasenchemie von DMS-Oxidationsprodukten durchzuführen, (ii) ein fortgeschrittenes Multiphasen-DMS-Chemiemodul zu entwickeln und (iii) Prozess- und 3D-Modelluntersuchungen durchzuführen. Die vorgeschlagenen detaillierten Laboruntersuchungen konzentrieren sich auf die OH-Oxidation von Gasphasenprodukten der ersten Generation, Hydroperoxymethylthioformat (HPMTF) und Dimethylsulfoxid (DMSO), sowie auf die Bildung von DMS-Oxidationsprodukten der zweiten Generation. Die detaillierten mechanistischen Untersuchungen werden mit einem Freistrahl-Strömungsreaktor durchgeführt. Weitere kinetische und mechanistische Untersuchungen werden sich auf die Chemie von DMS-Oxidationsprodukten in der wässrigen Phase konzentrieren. OH Radikalreaktionen von HPMTF-Surrogaten werden mit Hilfe eines Laser Flash Photolysis - Long Path Absorption (LFP-LPA) Systems untersucht. Weiterhin wird die Oxidation von MSA/MS- durch OH(aq) und die Oxidation von MSIA/MSI- durch O3(aq) in wässriger Phase untersucht. Ferner soll die Aufnahme von wichtigen DMS-Oxidationsprodukten an verschiedenen Aerosolpartikeln durch Kammerstudien untersucht werden. Die Bildung von DMS-Oxidationsprodukten in der Gasphase und deren Aufnahme auf injizierten Aerosolpartikeln wird mit einem CI-APi-TOF Massenspektrometer gemessen. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen der Laborstudien wird ein fortschrittliches DMS-Reaktionsmodul entwickelt und anschließend im Multiphasenchemiemodell SPACCIM für detaillierte Prozessstudien eingesetzt. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse über die wichtigsten DMS-Oxidationswege werden dann die Grundlage für eine aktualisierte Behandlung DMS in globalen Klimachemiemodellen (CCMs), hier ECHAM-HAMMOZ, bilden. Schließlich werden Simulationen mit ECHAM-HAMMOZ die Auswirkungen des verbesserten DMS-Mechanismus auf die globale atmosphärische DMS-Chemie untersuchen und die Auswirkungen auf das Klima und die zukünftige Sensitivität bewerten.
This dataset contains experimental data from a one-month aquarium-based bleaching experiment conducted on Large Benthic Foraminifera (Amphistegina lobifera) from 16 November to 16 December 2022 at the Marine Experimental Facility of the Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany. The aim of the experiment was to obtain symbiont-free A. lobifera individuals for future re-inoculation studies and symbiont switching experiments. The foraminifera were originally collected in May 2022 at the Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences (IUI) in Eilat, Israel (29°30'07.8N, 34°55'04.9E) and maintained in culture in Germany until the start of the experiment. To assess the effectiveness of two chemical agents—menthol and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU)—in disrupting symbiosis, photosynthetic efficiency (measured as maximum quantum yield, Fv/Fm) was recorded every other day during the first week of the experiment using a Pulse-Amplitude-Modulated (PAM) fluorometer. Fv/Fm measurements were discontinued after the first week due to complete inhibition of photosynthesis. Symbiont coverage (%) was assessed on day one and then weekly until week four using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM).
This dataset contains geochemical variables measured in six depth profiles from ombrotrophic peatlands in North and Central Europe. Peat cores were taken during the spring and summer of 2022 from Amtsvenn (AV1), Germany; Drebbersches Moor (DM1), Germany; Fochteloër Veen (FV1), the Netherlands; Bagno Kusowo (KR1), Poland; Pichlmaier Moor (PI1), Austria and Pürgschachen Moor (PM1), Austria. The cores AV1, DM1 and KR1 were taken using a Wardenaar sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands) and had diameter of 10 cm. The cores FV1, PM1 and PI1 had an 8 cm diameter and were obtained using an Instorf sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands). The cores FV1, DM1 and KR1 were 100 cm, core AV1 was 95 cm, core PI1 was 85 cm and core PM1 was 200 cm. The cores were subsampeled in 1 cm (AV1, DM1, KR1, FV1) and 2 cm (PI1, PM1) sections. The subsamples were milled after freeze drying in a ballmill using tungen carbide accesoires. X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF; ZSX Primus II, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) was used to determine Al (μg g-1), As (μg g-1), Ba (μg g-1), Br (μg g-1), Ca (g g-1), Cl (μg g-1), Cr (μg g-1), Cu (μg g-1), Fe (g g-1), K (g g-1), Mg (μg g-1), Mn (μg g-1), Na (μg g-1), P (μg g-1), Pb (μg g-1), Rb (μg g-1), S (μg g-1), Si (μg g-1), Sr (μg g-1), Ti (μg g-1) and Zn (μg g-1). These data were processed and calibrated using the iloekxrf package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024) in R. C, N and their stable isotopes were determined using an elemental analyser linked to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-3000, Eurovector, Pavia, Italy & Nu Horizon, Nu Instruments, Wrexham, UK). C and N were given in units g g-1 and stable isotopes were given as δ13C and δ15N for stable isotopes of C and N, respectively. Raw data C, N and stable isotope data were calibrated with certified standard and blank effects were corrected with the ilokeirms package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024). Using Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIR) (Agilent Cary 670 FTIR spectromter, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, Ca, USA) humification indices (HI) were determined. Spectra were recorded from 600 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1 with a resolution of 2 cm-1 and baselines corrected with the ir package (Teickner, 2025) to estimate relative peack heights. The HI (no unit) for each sample was calculated by taking the ratio of intensities at 1630 cm-1 to the intensities at 1090 cm-1. Bulk densities (g cm-3) were estimated from FT-MIR data (Teickner et al., in preparation).
This dataset contains geochemical variables measured in six depth profiles from ombrotrophic peatlands in North and Central Europe. Peat cores were taken during the spring and summer of 2022 from Amtsvenn (AV1), Germany; Drebbersches Moor (DM1), Germany; Fochteloër Veen (FV1), the Netherlands; Bagno Kusowo (KR1), Poland; Pichlmaier Moor (PI1), Austria and Pürgschachen Moor (PM1), Austria. The cores AV1, DM1 and KR1 were taken using a Wardenaar sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands) and had diameter of 10 cm. The cores FV1, PM1 and PI1 had an 8 cm diameter and were obtained using an Instorf sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands). The cores FV1, DM1 and KR1 were 100 cm, core AV1 was 95 cm, core PI1 was 85 cm and core PM1 was 200 cm. The cores were subsampeled in 1 cm (AV1, DM1, KR1, FV1) and 2 cm (PI1, PM1) sections. The subsamples were milled after freeze drying in a ballmill using tungen carbide accesoires. X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF; ZSX Primus II, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) was used to determine Al (μg g-1), As (μg g-1), Ba (μg g-1), Br (μg g-1), Ca (g g-1), Cl (μg g-1), Cr (μg g-1), Cu (μg g-1), Fe (g g-1), K (g g-1), Mg (μg g-1), Mn (μg g-1), Na (μg g-1), P (μg g-1), Pb (μg g-1), Rb (μg g-1), S (μg g-1), Si (μg g-1), Sr (μg g-1), Ti (μg g-1) and Zn (μg g-1). These data were processed and calibrated using the iloekxrf package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024) in R. C, N and their stable isotopes were determined using an elemental analyser linked to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-3000, Eurovector, Pavia, Italy & Nu Horizon, Nu Instruments, Wrexham, UK). C and N were given in units g g-1 and stable isotopes were given as δ13C and δ15N for stable isotopes of C and N, respectively. Raw data C, N and stable isotope data were calibrated with certified standard and blank effects were corrected with the ilokeirms package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024). Using Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIR) (Agilent Cary 670 FTIR spectromter, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, Ca, USA) humification indices (HI) were determined. Spectra were recorded from 600 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1 with a resolution of 2 cm-1 and baselines corrected with the ir package (Teickner, 2025) to estimate relative peack heights. The HI (no unit) for each sample was calculated by taking the ratio of intensities at 1630 cm-1 to the intensities at 1090 cm-1. Bulk densities (g cm-3) were estimated from FT-MIR data (Teickner et al., in preparation).
This dataset contains geochemical variables measured in six depth profiles from ombrotrophic peatlands in North and Central Europe. Peat cores were taken during the spring and summer of 2022 from Amtsvenn (AV1), Germany; Drebbersches Moor (DM1), Germany; Fochteloër Veen (FV1), the Netherlands; Bagno Kusowo (KR1), Poland; Pichlmaier Moor (PI1), Austria and Pürgschachen Moor (PM1), Austria. The cores AV1, DM1 and KR1 were taken using a Wardenaar sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands) and had diameter of 10 cm. The cores FV1, PM1 and PI1 had an 8 cm diameter and were obtained using an Instorf sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands). The cores FV1, DM1 and KR1 were 100 cm, core AV1 was 95 cm, core PI1 was 85 cm and core PM1 was 200 cm. The cores were subsampeled in 1 cm (AV1, DM1, KR1, FV1) and 2 cm (PI1, PM1) sections. The subsamples were milled after freeze drying in a ballmill using tungen carbide accesoires. X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF; ZSX Primus II, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) was used to determine Al (μg g-1), As (μg g-1), Ba (μg g-1), Br (μg g-1), Ca (g g-1), Cl (μg g-1), Cr (μg g-1), Cu (μg g-1), Fe (g g-1), K (g g-1), Mg (μg g-1), Mn (μg g-1), Na (μg g-1), P (μg g-1), Pb (μg g-1), Rb (μg g-1), S (μg g-1), Si (μg g-1), Sr (μg g-1), Ti (μg g-1) and Zn (μg g-1). These data were processed and calibrated using the iloekxrf package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024) in R. C, N and their stable isotopes were determined using an elemental analyser linked to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-3000, Eurovector, Pavia, Italy & Nu Horizon, Nu Instruments, Wrexham, UK). C and N were given in units g g-1 and stable isotopes were given as δ13C and δ15N for stable isotopes of C and N, respectively. Raw data C, N and stable isotope data were calibrated with certified standard and blank effects were corrected with the ilokeirms package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024). Using Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIR) (Agilent Cary 670 FTIR spectromter, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, Ca, USA) humification indices (HI) were determined. Spectra were recorded from 600 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1 with a resolution of 2 cm-1 and baselines corrected with the ir package (Teickner, 2025) to estimate relative peack heights. The HI (no unit) for each sample was calculated by taking the ratio of intensities at 1630 cm-1 to the intensities at 1090 cm-1. Bulk densities (g cm-3) were estimated from FT-MIR data (Teickner et al., in preparation).
This dataset contains geochemical variables measured in six depth profiles from ombrotrophic peatlands in North and Central Europe. Peat cores were taken during the spring and summer of 2022 from Amtsvenn (AV1), Germany; Drebbersches Moor (DM1), Germany; Fochteloër Veen (FV1), the Netherlands; Bagno Kusowo (KR1), Poland; Pichlmaier Moor (PI1), Austria and Pürgschachen Moor (PM1), Austria. The cores AV1, DM1 and KR1 were taken using a Wardenaar sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands) and had diameter of 10 cm. The cores FV1, PM1 and PI1 had an 8 cm diameter and were obtained using an Instorf sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands). The cores FV1, DM1 and KR1 were 100 cm, core AV1 was 95 cm, core PI1 was 85 cm and core PM1 was 200 cm. The cores were subsampeled in 1 cm (AV1, DM1, KR1, FV1) and 2 cm (PI1, PM1) sections. The subsamples were milled after freeze drying in a ballmill using tungen carbide accesoires. X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF; ZSX Primus II, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) was used to determine Al (μg g-1), As (μg g-1), Ba (μg g-1), Br (μg g-1), Ca (g g-1), Cl (μg g-1), Cr (μg g-1), Cu (μg g-1), Fe (g g-1), K (g g-1), Mg (μg g-1), Mn (μg g-1), Na (μg g-1), P (μg g-1), Pb (μg g-1), Rb (μg g-1), S (μg g-1), Si (μg g-1), Sr (μg g-1), Ti (μg g-1) and Zn (μg g-1). These data were processed and calibrated using the iloekxrf package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024) in R. C, N and their stable isotopes were determined using an elemental analyser linked to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-3000, Eurovector, Pavia, Italy & Nu Horizon, Nu Instruments, Wrexham, UK). C and N were given in units g g-1 and stable isotopes were given as δ13C and δ15N for stable isotopes of C and N, respectively. Raw data C, N and stable isotope data were calibrated with certified standard and blank effects were corrected with the ilokeirms package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024). Using Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIR) (Agilent Cary 670 FTIR spectromter, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, Ca, USA) humification indices (HI) were determined. Spectra were recorded from 600 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1 with a resolution of 2 cm-1 and baselines corrected with the ir package (Teickner, 2025) to estimate relative peack heights. The HI (no unit) for each sample was calculated by taking the ratio of intensities at 1630 cm-1 to the intensities at 1090 cm-1. Bulk densities (g cm-3) were estimated from FT-MIR data (Teickner et al., in preparation).
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