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Sentinel-5P TROPOMI - Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Level 3 - Global

Aerosol optical depth (AOD) as derived from TROPOMI observations. AOD describes the attenuation of the transmitted radiant power by the absence of aerosols. Attenuation can be caused by absorption and/or scattering. AOD is the primary parameter to evaluate the impact of aerosols on weather and climate. Daily AOD observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Aerosol Index (AI), Level 3 – Global

Aerosol Index (AI) as derived from TROPOMI observations. AI is an indicator for episodic aerosol plumes from dust outbreaks, volcanic ash, and biomass burning. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI - Aerosol Single-Scattering Albedo (ASSA), Level 3 - Global

Aerosol single-scattering albedo (ASSA) as derived from TROPOMI observations. ASSA is a measure of how much light is scattered by aerosols compared to how much is absorbed. It is important for understanding the impact of aerosols on climate and radiative forcing. ASSA is unitless; a value of unity implies that extinction is completely due to scattering; conversely, a single-scattering albedo of zero implies that extinction is completely due to absorption. Daily ASSA observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Aerosol Layer Height (ALH), Level 3 – Global

Aerosols are an indicator for episodic aerosol plumes from dust outbreaks, volcanic ash, and biomass burning. Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The Aerosol layer height is provided in kilometres. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Erosion der Ernährungssicherheit - Ackerlandbodenverlust im Ruwenzori-Gebirge von Uganda

Ein Brennpunkt steigenden Nahrungsmittelbedarfs ist das Albertine Rift in Afrika. Diese Region leidet unter massiver Bodendegradation aufgrund von steilen Hängen, hoher Frequenz von erosiven Starkniederschlägen und einer geringen Vegetationsbedeckung über die gesamte Vegetationsperiode. Aus dem hohen Landnutzungsdruck auf Bodenressourcen resultieren zahlreiche soziale und ökologische Probleme (Ernährungsunsicherheit, politische Unruhen, Migration). Da der Bodenverlust auf ackerbaulich genutzten Flächen die Bodenneubildung in der Region substanziell übersteigt, ist die landwirtschaftliche Nutzbarkeit der Bodensysteme zeitlich begrenzt. Flächen mit einem vollständigen Verlust der Bodenoberfläche verlieren dauerhaft das Potenzial eine gesunde Biozönose zu beherbergen. Dabei ist die Zeitskala bis zum endgültigen Verlust der Bodenoberfläche sehr heterogen und wird durch die lokale Bodenerosionsrate und die Tiefe des Bodens bis zum Ausgangsgestein bestimmt. Solozori hat zum Ziel die Bodendegradationsdynamik und ihre Auswirkungen auf die landwirtschaftliche Produktivität, die Bodenqualität und schließlich den Zusammenbruch der Ökosystemleistungen im tropischen Afrika zu verstehen und zu quantifizieren. Solozori untersucht das Ruwenzori-Gebirge von Uganda, in welchem ein hoher Landnutzungsdruck besteht und zur Entwaldung und ackerbaulichen Nutzung von steilen Hängen führt. Diese Ackerflächen sind einer enorm hohen Degradationsgeschwindigkeit ausgesetzt, welche ihre Ertragsfähigkeit aufgrund flacher Böden innerhalb von Jahrzehnten verlieren. Aufgrund dieser flachen Böden ist die Region ein ideales Beispiel für die Untersuchung von Prozessen im Zusammenhang mit begrenzten Bodenressourcen, die langfristig die Nahrungsmittelsicherheit gefährden und die Chancen einer erfolgreichen Wiederaufforstung verhindern. Solozori nutzt Fernerkundungsinformationen zur Erschließung der Landnutzungsgeschichte und Vegetationsmuster, während topografische Landschaftsmerkmale und Fallout-Radionuklide Aufschluss über die langfristigen Bodenumverteilungsraten geben. Diese Bodenumverteilungsraten werden mit den vorhandenen Bodenressourcen (Bodentiefe bis zum Ausgangsgestein) verglichen, um die räumliche Ausdehnung und die verbleibende Zeit bis zum Verlust der Anbauflächen des Rwenzori-Gebirges zu ermitteln. Solozori ist ein Beispielprojekt zur Demonstration von Ertragseffekten vor dem Hintergrund von sich verknappenden Bodenressourcen. Solozori dient damit dem dringend notwendigen Verständnis über langfristige Bodendegradationsprozesse, welche die Grundlage zur Entwicklung von nachhaltigen Agroökosystemnutzungsstrategien sind, um den Landnutzungsdruck auf Waldressourcen zu verringern und den dramatischen Verlust von bodenbezogenen Ökosystemleistungen einzudämmen. Solozori setzt den Verlust von Ackerland in eine zeitliche Dimension, was den Handlungsbedarf zum Schutz von Bodensystemen der afrikanischen Tropen auf einer neuen Ebene veranschaulicht.

Räumliche Handlungsschwerpunkte (mit Indizfunktion)

Auf dem Gebiet der Klimaanpassung werden eine Vielzahl an Daten auf Grundlage einer umfangreichen Analyse der Ist-Situation u. a. in Bezug auf die Temperaturmuster (universelle Hot- und Coldpost), die Landnutzung (z. B. Versiegelungsgrad) und die Blau-Grüne-Infrastruktur (Indikatoren) bereitgestellt. Ferner werden eine Vielzahl an weiteren Daten z. B. zur Bevölkerungsdichte und vulnerablen Nutzungen sowie die daraus abgeleiteten räumlichen Handlungsschwerpunkte für die Klimaanpassung in ganz Hessen bereitgestellt.

Sustainable Water Resources Management in the Yanqi Basin, Sinkiang, China

Irrigation in the Yanqi Basin, Sinkiang, China has led to water table rise and soil salination. A model is used to assess management options. These include more irrigation with groundwater, water saving irrigation techniques and others. The model relies on input data from remote sensing.The Yanqi Basin is located in the north-western Chinese province of Xinjiang.This agriculturally highly productive region is heavily irrigated with water drawn from the Kaidu River. The Kaidu River itself is mainly fed by snow and glacier melt from the Tian Mountain surrounding the basin. A very poor drainage system and an overexploitation of surface water have lead to a series of environmental problems: 1. Seepage water under irrigated fields has raised the groundwater table during the last years, causing strongly increased groundwater evaporation. The salt dissolved in the groundwater accumulates at the soil surface as the groundwater evaporates. This soil salinization leads to degradation of vegetation as well as to a loss of arable farmland. 2. The runoff from the Bostan Lake to the downstream Corridor is limited since large amount of water is used for irrigation in the Yanqi Basin. Nowadays, the runoff is maintained by pumping water from the lake to the river. The environmental and ecological system is facing a serious threat.In order to improve the situation in the Yanqi Basin, a jointly funded cooperation has been set up by the Institute of Environmental Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) , China Institute of Geological and Environmental Monitoring (CIGEM) and Xinjiang Agricultural University. The situation could in principle be improved by using groundwater for irrigation, thus lowering the groundwater table and saving unproductive evaporation. However, this is associated with higher cost as groundwater has to be pumped. The major decision variable to steer the system into a desirable state is thus the ratio of irrigation water pumped from the aquifer and irrigation water drawn from the river. The basis to evaluate the ideal ratio between river and groundwater - applied to irrigation - will be a groundwater model combined with models describing the processes of the unsaturated zone. The project will focus on the following aspects of research: (...)

In situ high spectral resolution inherent and apparent optical property data from diverse aquatic environments

Light emerging from natural water bodies and measured by remote sensing radiometers contains information about the local type and concentrations of phytoplankton, non-algal particles and colored dissolved organic matter in the underlying waters. An increase in spectral resolution in forthcoming satellite and airborne remote sensing missions is expected to lead to new or improved capabilities to characterize aquatic ecosystems. Such upcoming missions include NASA's Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) Mission; the NASA Surface Biology and Geology observable mission; and NASA Airborne Visible / Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) - Next Generation airborne missions. In anticipation of these missions, we present an organized dataset of geographically diverse, quality-controlled, high spectral resolution inherent and apparent optical property (IOP/AOP) aquatic data. The data are intended to be of use to increase our understanding of aquatic optical properties, to develop aquatic remote sensing data product algorithms, and to perform calibration and validation activities for forthcoming aquatic-focused imaging spectrometry missions. The dataset is comprised of contributions from several investigators and investigating teams collected over a range of geographic areas and water types, including inland waters, estuaries and oceans. Specific in situ measurements include coefficients describing particulate absorption, particulate attenuation, non-algal particulate absorption, colored dissolved organic matter absorption, phytoplankton absorption, total absorption, total attenuation, particulate backscattering, and total backscattering, as well as remote sensing reflectance, and irradiance reflectance.

Auswertung von Fernerkundungsaufnahmen von Wattgebieten

Wattgebiete im Bereich der deutschen Nordseekueste, insbesondere im Raum Wilhelmshaven sollen mit Methoden der digitalen Bildverarbeitung moeglichst detailiert klassifiziert werden (Sand/ - Schlick/ - Mischwatt, verschiedene Vegetation etc.) als Ausgangsdaten dienen Magnetbaender des Erderkundungssatelliten LANDSAT (4 Kanaele), des M2S-Multispektralabtasters (11 Kanaele) sowie digitalisierte Reihenmesskammeraufnahmen.

Regelmaessige Beobachtungen zur Entwicklung der Erkrankung bei Fichten auf ausgewaehlten Flaechen (Dauerbeobachtungsflaechen) (V1)

Auf 49 ausgewaehlten Flaechen wird regelmaessig die Schadensentwicklung der Fichten beobachtet, teilweise unterstuetzt durch Nadelanalysen (Dauerbeobachtungsflaechen). Ferner wird in verschiedenen Gebieten Bayerns das Schadensausmass ueber Infrarotstrahlung und mit Hilfe terrestrischer Aufnahmen interpretiert.

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