The IUSD13 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IU): Upper air T1T2A1 (IUS): Radiosondes/pibal reports from fixed land stations (entire sounding) A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere(The bulletin collects reports from stations: 10771;Kümmersbruck;) (Remarks from Volume-C: high resolution 2 sec.)
The IUKD26 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IU): Upper air T1T2A1 (IUK): Radio soundings from fixed land stations (up to 100 hPa) A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere(The bulletin collects reports from stations: 10548;Meiningen;) (Remarks from Volume-C: High resolution 2 sec., BUFR309057) IUKD26 BUFR bulletin available 10548 Meiningen from EDZW (Deutscher Wetterdienst) up to 100 hPa. at 00 UTC, 12 UTC, ON DEMAND 06 UTC, 18 UTC
The ISND01 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IS): Surface/sea level T1T2A1 (ISN): Synoptic observations from fixed land stations at non-standard time (i.e. 01, 02, 04, 05, ... UTC) A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere (The bulletin collects reports from stations: 10004;UFS TW Ems;10015;Helgoland;10020;List auf Sylt;10035;Schleswig;10055;Fehmarn;10147;Hamburg-Fuhlsbüttel;10162;Schwerin;10184;Greifswald;10200;Emden;10224;Bremen;10270;Neuruppin;10338;Hannover;10361;Magdeburg;10393;Lindenberg;10400;Düsseldorf;10469;Leipzig/Halle;10488;Dresden-Klotzsche;10506;Nürburg-Barweiler;10548;Meiningen;10637;Frankfurt/Main;10685;Hof;10738;Stuttgart-Echterdingen;10763;Nürnberg;10788;Straubing;10852;Augsburg;10946;Kempten;) (Remarks from Volume-C: SYNOP)
The USDL03 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (U): Upper air data T1T2 (US): Upper level pressure, temperature, humidity and wind (Part A) A1A2 (DL): Germany (The bulletin collects reports from stations: 10238;Bergen;10618;Idar-Oberstein;10771;Kümmersbruck;)
Chromium (Cr) is introduced into the environment by several anthropogenic activities. A striking ex-ample is the area around Kanpur in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, where large amounts of Cr-containing wastes have been recently illegally deposited. Hexavalent Cr, a highly toxic and mobile contaminant, is present in significant amounts in these wastes, severely affecting the quality of sur-roundings soils, sediments, and ground waters. The first major goal of this study is to clarify the solid phase speciation of Cr in these wastes and to examine its leaching behavior. X-ray diffraction and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques will be employed for quantitative solid phase speciation of Cr. Its leaching behavior will be studied in column experiments performed at un-saturated moisture conditions with flow interruptions simulating monsoon rain events. Combined with geochemical modeling, the results will allow the evaluation of the leaching potential and release kinetics of Cr from the waste materials. The second major goal is to investigate the spatial distribution, speciation, and solubility of Cr in the rooting zone of chromate-contaminated soils surrounding the landfills, and to study the suitability of biochar as novel soil amendment for mitigating the deleterious effects of chromate pollution. Detailed field samplings and laboratory soil incubation studies will be carried out with two agricultural soils and biochar from the Kanpur region.
We study the effects of plants and root-associated fungi on wind erosion within the alpine environment of Tibet. China is one of the countries most affected by desertification processes and Tibet, in particular, a key region in desertification combat. The presented project focuses on the Barkha Plain surrounded by Mount Kailash and the Lake of Manasarovar (Ngari Prefecture). This Western Tibet region experienced little scientific attention but, nowadays, faces rapidly increasing touristic activities and expanding local settlements associated with socio-economic changes that are serious threats to the delicate ecological balance and potential triggers of desertification. It exists almost unanimous agreement that revegetation is the most efficient and promising strategy to combat wind erosion and desertification in the long term. However, re-colonising success is often poor, mainly under extreme environmental conditions. Compared to conventional practices, the approach of the presented project attains better accordance with natural succession processes and promises acceleration of both plant and soil development and, conclusively, more efficient desertification control. The project assesses the potential of native plants and symbiotic fungi to control wind erosion and desertification processes. It aims to identify key plants and fungi that increase soil aggregate stability and efficiently drive succession into a natural and self-maintaining cycle of the ecosystem. Furthermore, it provides crucial information for implementing environmentally compatible and cost-effective measures to protect high-elevation ecosystems against desertification. Within three successional stages (early, intermediate, late), field investigations are performed on the basis of Modified-Whittaker plots. Classic methods of vegetation analysis and myco-sociology are combined with analysis of distribution patterns at different scales (patchiness, connectivity). Comprehensive soil analysis is performed comprising grain size distribution, aggregate stability, pH as well as water and nutrient contents. Additionally, important parameters of wind erosion are measured concurrently and continuously to assess their magnitude and variability with respect to vegetation and soil at different levels of development. The parameters addressed, include sediment transport, air temperature, radiation, precipitation, relative humidity as well as speed and direction of wind. Surface moisture is recorded periodically and roughness described. Species and environmental parameters are checked for spatial correlation. Cutting edge technologies are applied in laboratory work, comprising molecular methods for fungal species identification and micro-tomography to analyse soil structure. Furthermore, successfully cultivated fungi and plants are subject of synthesis experiments and industrial propagation in view of practical implementation in restoration measures.
First GRUAN product (beta)
The IUXD53 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IU): Upper air T1T2A1 (IUX): Other upper air reports A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere(The bulletin collects reports from stations: 10184;Greifswald;) (Remarks from Volume-C: High resolution 2 sec., BUFR309057, Level 500) IUXD53 BUFR bulletin available 10184 Greifswald from EDZW (Deutscher Wetterdienst) up to 500 hPa at 00 UTC, 12 UTC, ON DEMAND 06 UTC, 18 UTC
The IUXD52 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IU): Upper air T1T2A1 (IUX): Other upper air reports A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere(The bulletin collects reports from stations: 10113;Norderney;) (Remarks from Volume-C: High resolution 2 sec., BUFR309057, Level 500) IUXD52 BUFR bulletin available 10113 Norderney from EDZW (Deutscher Wetterdienst) up to 500 hPa. at 00 UTC, 12 UTC, ON DEMAND 06 UTC, 18 UTC
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