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Release of hexavalent chromium from ore processing residues and the potential of biochar for chromium immobilization in polluted soils

Chromium (Cr) is introduced into the environment by several anthropogenic activities. A striking ex-ample is the area around Kanpur in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, where large amounts of Cr-containing wastes have been recently illegally deposited. Hexavalent Cr, a highly toxic and mobile contaminant, is present in significant amounts in these wastes, severely affecting the quality of sur-roundings soils, sediments, and ground waters. The first major goal of this study is to clarify the solid phase speciation of Cr in these wastes and to examine its leaching behavior. X-ray diffraction and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques will be employed for quantitative solid phase speciation of Cr. Its leaching behavior will be studied in column experiments performed at un-saturated moisture conditions with flow interruptions simulating monsoon rain events. Combined with geochemical modeling, the results will allow the evaluation of the leaching potential and release kinetics of Cr from the waste materials. The second major goal is to investigate the spatial distribution, speciation, and solubility of Cr in the rooting zone of chromate-contaminated soils surrounding the landfills, and to study the suitability of biochar as novel soil amendment for mitigating the deleterious effects of chromate pollution. Detailed field samplings and laboratory soil incubation studies will be carried out with two agricultural soils and biochar from the Kanpur region.

Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1158: Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas; Bereich Infrastruktur - Antarktisforschung mit vergleichenden Untersuchungen in arktischen Eisgebieten, Zirkum-Antarktische Auftrittsfrequenz von Meereis-Rinnen und regionale Verteilung aus Satellitendaten

Ziel dieses Projektvorhabens ist es, einen Einblick in die räumliche und zeitliche Variabilität des Auftretens von Meereisrinnen im Antarktischen Meereis während der Wintermonate zu erhalten. Meereis-Rinnen zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass es in ihrem Einflussbereich zu einem starken Austausch von Wärme, Feuchte und Impuls zwischen dem relativ warmen Ozean und der kalten Atmosphäre kommt. In Meereis-Rinnen bildet sich demnach neues, dünnes Eis und trägt damit zur Meereis-Massenbilanz bei. Wir beabsichtigen auf einer Methode aufzubauen, die entwickelt wurde, um Eisrinnen in der Arktis automatisch aus Thermal-Infrarot Satellitendaten zu identifizieren. Diese Methode muss für eine Anwendung auf Satellitendaten der Antarktis neu implementiert und erweitert werden. In diesem Rahmen gilt es auch, hemisphärische Besonderheiten in den Meereiseigenschaften und atmosphärischen Einflüssen zu berücksichtigen. Darum werden Anpassungen im ursprünglichen Algorithmus mit Hilfe detaillierter Fallstudien vorzunehmen sein. Als Ergebnis erwarten wir umfangreiche Erkenntnisse darüber, wann und wo Meereis-Rinnen gehäuft in der Antarktis auftreten, und wie diese Auftrittsmuster durch atmosphärische und ozeanische Antriebe gesteuert werden.

GTS Bulletin: IUSD32 EDZW - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The IUSD32 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IU): Upper air T1T2A1 (IUS): Radio soundings from fixed land stations (entire sounding) A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere(The bulletin collects reports from stations: 10618;Idar-Oberstein;) (Remarks from Volume-C: High resolution 2 sec., BUFR309057) IUSD32 BUFR bulletin available 10618 Idar-Oberstein from EDZW (Deutscher Wetterdienst) at 00, 06, 12, 18 UTC

GTS Bulletin: ISND72 AMDW - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The ISND72 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IS): Surface/sea level T1T2A1 (ISN): Synoptic observations from fixed land stations at non-standard time (i.e. 01, 02, 04, 05, ... UTC) A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere (Remarks from Volume-C: NATIONAL AUTOMATIC SYNOP)

GTS Bulletin: IUSD11 EDZW - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The IUSD11 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IU): Upper air T1T2A1 (IUS): Radiosondes/pibal reports from fixed land stations (entire sounding) A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere(The bulletin collects reports from stations: 10238;Bergen;) (Remarks from Volume-C: high resolution 2 sec.)

GTS Bulletin: IUSD01 EDZW - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The IUSD01 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IU): Upper air T1T2A1 (IUS): Radiosondes/pibal reports from fixed land stations (entire sounding) A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere(The bulletin collects reports from stations: 10035;Schleswig;) (Remarks from Volume-C: high resolution 2 sec.)

Native plants and mycorrhizal fungi in wind erosion control in the Kailash-Manasarovar region (Tibet, China)

We study the effects of plants and root-associated fungi on wind erosion within the alpine environment of Tibet. China is one of the countries most affected by desertification processes and Tibet, in particular, a key region in desertification combat. The presented project focuses on the Barkha Plain surrounded by Mount Kailash and the Lake of Manasarovar (Ngari Prefecture). This Western Tibet region experienced little scientific attention but, nowadays, faces rapidly increasing touristic activities and expanding local settlements associated with socio-economic changes that are serious threats to the delicate ecological balance and potential triggers of desertification. It exists almost unanimous agreement that revegetation is the most efficient and promising strategy to combat wind erosion and desertification in the long term. However, re-colonising success is often poor, mainly under extreme environmental conditions. Compared to conventional practices, the approach of the presented project attains better accordance with natural succession processes and promises acceleration of both plant and soil development and, conclusively, more efficient desertification control. The project assesses the potential of native plants and symbiotic fungi to control wind erosion and desertification processes. It aims to identify key plants and fungi that increase soil aggregate stability and efficiently drive succession into a natural and self-maintaining cycle of the ecosystem. Furthermore, it provides crucial information for implementing environmentally compatible and cost-effective measures to protect high-elevation ecosystems against desertification. Within three successional stages (early, intermediate, late), field investigations are performed on the basis of Modified-Whittaker plots. Classic methods of vegetation analysis and myco-sociology are combined with analysis of distribution patterns at different scales (patchiness, connectivity). Comprehensive soil analysis is performed comprising grain size distribution, aggregate stability, pH as well as water and nutrient contents. Additionally, important parameters of wind erosion are measured concurrently and continuously to assess their magnitude and variability with respect to vegetation and soil at different levels of development. The parameters addressed, include sediment transport, air temperature, radiation, precipitation, relative humidity as well as speed and direction of wind. Surface moisture is recorded periodically and roughness described. Species and environmental parameters are checked for spatial correlation. Cutting edge technologies are applied in laboratory work, comprising molecular methods for fungal species identification and micro-tomography to analyse soil structure. Furthermore, successfully cultivated fungi and plants are subject of synthesis experiments and industrial propagation in view of practical implementation in restoration measures.

CLIENT II: Neue Lösungsansätze zur Stärkung der Landwirtschaft unter ariden und semiariden Bedingungen am Beispiel Marokkos, Teilprojekt 4: Planung und Test der Echtzeitsensorik zur Überwachung des Wetters und der Bodenfeuchte

CLIENT II: Neue Lösungsansätze zur Stärkung der Landwirtschaft unter ariden und semiariden Bedingungen am Beispiel Marokkos, Teilprojekt 1: Wasserentsalzung mittels Kapazitiver Entioniesierung mit PV-Energieversorgung im Pilotmaßstab

Auswertung von Forschungsergebnissen fuer DIN 4108 und DIN 4109

Die Normen DIN 4108 'Waermeschutz im Hochbau' und DIN 4109 'Schallschutz im Hochbau' werden zur Zeit von verschiedenen Arbeitsausschuessen des Normenausschusses Bauwesen im DIN Deutsches Institut fuer Normung e.V. ueberarbeitet. Durch eine umfassende Auswertung von vorliegenden Forschungsberichten soll sichergestellt werden, dass die Erkenntnisse aus der Bauforschung der letzten Jahre - soweit geeignet - in den Neufassungen der Normen beruecksichtigt und somit der Praxis zugefuehrt werden. Als Schwerpunkte dieser Forschungsarbeit, die in Fortfuehrung eines bereits im Zeitraum Juli 1975 bis Mai 1977 durchgefuehrten Forschungsvorhabens aufgegriffen worden sind, werden folgende Themen behandelt: Beim Waermeschutz: 1. Waermeleitfaehigkeit von Bau- und Daemmstoffen; 2. Feuchtigkeit und Waermeleitfaehigkeit; 3. Waermebruecken; 4. Thermische Beanspruchung von Bauteilen; 5. Raumklima; beim Schallschutz: 1. Schall-Laengsleitung leichter Bauteile; 2. Schalldaemmung zweischaliger Bauteile; 3. Einfluss des Verputzes auf die Luftschalldaemmung von Bauteilen 4. Schallschutz bei haustechnischen Anlagen 5. Erhoehter Schallschutz; 6. Schalldaemmung von Fenstern.

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