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Micro-scaled hydraulic heterogeneity in subsoils

Nutrient and water supply for organisms in soil is strongly affected by the physical and physico-chemical properties of the microenvironment, i.e. pore space topology (pore size, tortuosity, connectivity) and pore surface properties (surface charge, surface energy). Spatial decoupling of biological processes through the physical (spatial) separation of SOM, microorganisms and extracellular enzyme activity is apparently one of the most important factors leading to the protection and stabilization of soil organic matter (SOM) in subsoils. However, it is largely unknown, if physical constraints can explain the very low turnover rates of organic carbon in subsoils. Hence, the objective of P4 is to combine the information from the physical structure of the soil (local bulk density, macropore structure, aggregation, texture gradients) with surface properties of particles or aggregate surfaces to obtain a comprehensive set of physical important parameters. It is the goal to determine how relevant these physical factors in the subsoil are to enforce the hydraulic heterogeneity of the subsoil flow system during wetting and drying. Our hypothesis is that increasing water repellency enforces the moisture pattern heterogeneity caused already by geometrical factors. Pore space heterogeneity will be assessed by the bulk density patterns via x-ray radiography. Local pattern of soil moisture is evaluated by the difference of X-ray signals of dry and wet soil (project partner H.J. Vogel, UFZ Halle). With the innovative combination of three methods (high resolution X-ray radiography, small scale contact angle mapping, both applied to a flow cell shaped sample with undisturbed soil) it will be determined if the impact of water repellency leads to an increase in the hydraulic flow field heterogeneity of the unsaturated sample, i.e. during infiltration events and the following redistribution phase. An interdisciplinary cooperation within the research program is the important link which is realized by using the same flow cell samples to match the spatial patterns of physical, chemical, and biological factors in undisturbed subsoil. This cooperation with respect to spatial pattern analysis will include the analysis of enzyme activities within and outside of flow paths and the spatial distribution of key soil properties (texture, organic carbon, iron oxide content) evaluated by IR mapping. To study dissolved organic matter (DOM) sorption in soils of varying mineral composition and the selective association of DOM with mineral surfaces in context with recognized flow field pattern, we will conduct a central DOM leaching experiment and the coating of iron oxides which are placed inside the flow cell during percolation with marked DOM solution. Overall objective is to elucidate if spatial separation of degrading organisms and enzymes from the substrates may be interconnected with defined physical features of the soil matrix thus explaining subsoil SOM stability and -dynami

GTS Bulletin: IUXD38 EDZW - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The IUXD38 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IU): Upper air T1T2A1 (IUX): Other upper air reports A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere(The bulletin collects reports from stations: 10868;Oberschleißheim;) (Remarks from Volume-C: High resolution 2 sec., BUFR309057, Level 300) IUXD38 BUFR bulletin available 10868 Oberschleißheim from EDZW (Deutscher Wetterdienst) up to 300 hPa. at 00 UTC, 12 UTC, ON DEMAND 06 UTC, 18 UTC

GTS Bulletin: IUXD35 EDZW - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The IUXD35 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IU): Upper air T1T2A1 (IUX): Other upper air reports A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere(The bulletin collects reports from stations: 10410;Essen-Bredeney;) (Remarks from Volume-C: High resolution 2 sec., BUFR309057, Level 300) IUXD35 BUFR bulletin available 10410 Essen from EDZW (Deutscher Wetterdienst) up to 300 hPa. at 00 UTC, 12 UTC, ON DEMAND 06 UTC, 18 UTC

GTS Bulletin: IUSD24 EDZW - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The IUSD24 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IU): Upper air T1T2A1 (IUS): Radio soundings from fixed land stations (entire sounding) A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere(The bulletin collects reports from stations: 10393;Lindenberg;) (Remarks from Volume-C: High resolution 2 sec., BUFR309057) IUSD24 BUFR bulletin available 10393 Lindenberg from EDZW (Deutscher Wetterdienst) at 00 UTC, 06 UTC, 12 UTC, 18 UTC

GTS Bulletin: SIVX81 EDZW - Surface data (details are described in the abstract)

The SIVX81 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (S): Surface data T1T2 (SI): Intermediate synoptic hour (Remarks from Volume-C: SHIP)

GTS Bulletin: SIVX22 EDZW - Surface data (details are described in the abstract)

The SIVX22 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (S): Surface data T1T2 (SI): Intermediate synoptic hour (Remarks from Volume-C: SHIP)

GTS Bulletin: ISND87 AMDN - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The ISND87 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IS): Surface/sea level T1T2A1 (ISN): Synoptic observations from fixed land stations at non-standard time (i.e. 01, 02, 04, 05, ... UTC) A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere (Remarks from Volume-C: NATIONAL AUTOMATIC SYNOP)

GTS Bulletin: ISND77 AMDW - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The ISND77 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IS): Surface/sea level T1T2A1 (ISN): Synoptic observations from fixed land stations at non-standard time (i.e. 01, 02, 04, 05, ... UTC) A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere (Remarks from Volume-C: NATIONAL AUTOMATIC SYNOP)

GTS Bulletin: IUSD11 EDZW - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The IUSD11 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IU): Upper air T1T2A1 (IUS): Radiosondes/pibal reports from fixed land stations (entire sounding) A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere(The bulletin collects reports from stations: 10238;Bergen;) (Remarks from Volume-C: high resolution 2 sec.)

GTS Bulletin: ISII01 EDZW - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The ISII01 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IS): Surface/sea level T1T2A1 (ISI): Intermediate synoptic observations from fixed land stations A2 (I): 0° - 90°W southern hemisphere(The bulletin collects reports from stations: 89002;GEORG VON NEUMAYER;89011;89047;) (Remarks from Volume-C: SYNOP)

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