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Native plants and mycorrhizal fungi in wind erosion control in the Kailash-Manasarovar region (Tibet, China)

We study the effects of plants and root-associated fungi on wind erosion within the alpine environment of Tibet. China is one of the countries most affected by desertification processes and Tibet, in particular, a key region in desertification combat. The presented project focuses on the Barkha Plain surrounded by Mount Kailash and the Lake of Manasarovar (Ngari Prefecture). This Western Tibet region experienced little scientific attention but, nowadays, faces rapidly increasing touristic activities and expanding local settlements associated with socio-economic changes that are serious threats to the delicate ecological balance and potential triggers of desertification. It exists almost unanimous agreement that revegetation is the most efficient and promising strategy to combat wind erosion and desertification in the long term. However, re-colonising success is often poor, mainly under extreme environmental conditions. Compared to conventional practices, the approach of the presented project attains better accordance with natural succession processes and promises acceleration of both plant and soil development and, conclusively, more efficient desertification control. The project assesses the potential of native plants and symbiotic fungi to control wind erosion and desertification processes. It aims to identify key plants and fungi that increase soil aggregate stability and efficiently drive succession into a natural and self-maintaining cycle of the ecosystem. Furthermore, it provides crucial information for implementing environmentally compatible and cost-effective measures to protect high-elevation ecosystems against desertification. Within three successional stages (early, intermediate, late), field investigations are performed on the basis of Modified-Whittaker plots. Classic methods of vegetation analysis and myco-sociology are combined with analysis of distribution patterns at different scales (patchiness, connectivity). Comprehensive soil analysis is performed comprising grain size distribution, aggregate stability, pH as well as water and nutrient contents. Additionally, important parameters of wind erosion are measured concurrently and continuously to assess their magnitude and variability with respect to vegetation and soil at different levels of development. The parameters addressed, include sediment transport, air temperature, radiation, precipitation, relative humidity as well as speed and direction of wind. Surface moisture is recorded periodically and roughness described. Species and environmental parameters are checked for spatial correlation. Cutting edge technologies are applied in laboratory work, comprising molecular methods for fungal species identification and micro-tomography to analyse soil structure. Furthermore, successfully cultivated fungi and plants are subject of synthesis experiments and industrial propagation in view of practical implementation in restoration measures.

GTS Bulletin: SIVX22 EDZW - Surface data (details are described in the abstract)

The SIVX22 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (S): Surface data T1T2 (SI): Intermediate synoptic hour (Remarks from Volume-C: SHIP)

GTS Bulletin: SIVX81 EDZW - Surface data (details are described in the abstract)

The SIVX81 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (S): Surface data T1T2 (SI): Intermediate synoptic hour (Remarks from Volume-C: SHIP)

GTS Bulletin: IUSD24 EDZW - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The IUSD24 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IU): Upper air T1T2A1 (IUS): Radio soundings from fixed land stations (entire sounding) A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere(The bulletin collects reports from stations: 10393;Lindenberg;) (Remarks from Volume-C: High resolution 2 sec., BUFR309057) IUSD24 BUFR bulletin available 10393 Lindenberg from EDZW (Deutscher Wetterdienst) at 00 UTC, 06 UTC, 12 UTC, 18 UTC

GTS Bulletin: IUKD02 EDZW - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The IUKD02 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IU): Upper air T1T2A1 (IUK): Radio soundings from fixed land stations (up to 100 hPa) A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere(The bulletin collects reports from stations: 10113;Norderney;) (Remarks from Volume-C: high resolution 2 sec.)

GTS Bulletin: IUKD13 EDZW - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The IUKD13 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IU): Upper air T1T2A1 (IUK): Radio soundings from fixed land stations (up to 100 hPa) A2 (D): 90°E - 0° northern hemisphere(The bulletin collects reports from stations: 10771;Kümmersbruck;) (Remarks from Volume-C: high resolution 2 sec.)

GTS Bulletin: IUSI01 EDZW - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The IUSI01 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IU): Upper air T1T2A1 (IUS): Radiosondes/pibal reports from fixed land stations (entire sounding) A2 (I): 0° - 90°W southern hemisphere (The bulletin collects reports from stations: 89002;GEORG VON NEUMAYER;) (Remarks from Volume-C: COMPLETE SOUNDING)

GTS Bulletin: ISMI01 EDZW - Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR (details are described in the abstract)

The ISMI01 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (I): Observational data (Binary coded) - BUFR T1T2 (IS): Surface/sea level T1T2A1 (ISM): Main synoptic observations from fixed land stations A2 (I): 0° - 90°W southern hemisphere(The bulletin collects reports from stations: 89002;GEORG VON NEUMAYER;89011;89047;) (Remarks from Volume-C: SYNOP)

Fernerkundung atmosphaerischer Parameter und deren Nutzung fuer die Untersuchung klimarelevanter Prozesse sowie von Spurenstofftransporten und -umsetzungen

Untersuchung klimarelevanter Prozesse im mesoskaligen Bereich durch die Erfassung meteorologischer Groessen und Spurenstoffe mit Hilfe von bodengebundenen, flugzeug-, ballon- oder satellitengetragenen Instrumenten. Dazu gehoeren die Entwicklung und Erprobung neuer Verfahren und Messgeraete zur Fernerkundung atmosphaerischer Parameter. Mit Ballonmessungen werden die photochemischen Umsetzungen und der Tagesgang von Spurenstoffen in der Atmosphaere verfolgt. Beitraege zu umweltrelevanten Problemen (z.B. Ozonloch) ergeben sich aus den bodengebundenen Spurengasmengen. Teilziele sind: Einsatz von Michelson-Interferometern, Erprobung bodengebundener Fernmessverfahren fuer Messungen in der Troposphaere (SODAR, RADAR, RASS), Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Landoberflaechenparametern, meteorologischen Vertikalprofilen und Spurengasverteilungen aus Satellitendaten, Untersuchung von Transportvorgaengen und zeitlichem Verlauf von Konzentrationsaenderungen und photo-chemischen Umsetzungen.

GTS Bulletin: SIAA21 EDZW - Surface data (details are described in the abstract)

The SIAA21 TTAAii Data Designators decode as: T1 (S): Surface data T1T2 (SI): Intermediate synoptic hour A1A2 (AA): Antarctic(The bulletin collects reports from stations: 89002;GEORG VON NEUMAYER;89011;89047;)

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