Entwicklung biologisch abbaubarer flüssig applizierbarer Bodenbeschichtungen. Weiterentwicklung von Rezepturen mit angepassten Hafteigenschaften, Lebensdauer und Härte, um folgende Ziele zu erreichen: - physikalische Bodenstabilisierung gegen Erosion, - Reduktion des Unkrautdrucks, - Wasserrückhalt/Wasserspeicherung um das Pflanzenwachstum zu fördern. Entwicklung einer Vorgehensweise zur Beeinflussung und Bestimmung der biologischen Abbaubarkeit von CBAB nach dem geplanten Ende der Nutzungsdauer.
Zielsetzung: Dauerbegrünungen der Fahrgassen sind vom Management her wie intensiv bewirtschaftete Grünlandflächen zu betrachten. Durch einen Know How Transfer aus dem Grünlandbereich, verbunden mit der Entwicklung spezifischer Saatgutmischungen und Begrünungsstrategien kann eine deutliche Verbesserung bzw. Problemlösung auf Weinbauflächen der Süd- und Oststeiermark und allen Obstbauflächen mit dauerbegrünten Fahrgassen erreicht werden. Das Forschungsvorhaben setzt sich zum Ziel, bestehende Grünlandtechnik im Wein- und Obstbau zu etablieren sowie neue Strategien bei Zusammensetzung, Etablierung und Pflege von Dauerbegrünungen zu entwickeln. Auf geeigneten Flächen des Wein- und Obstbauzentrums Silberberg sollen in den nächsten Jahren die folgenden Forschungsvorhaben umgesetzt werden: - Entwicklung und Einsatz neuer Begrünungsmischungen - Sanierung/Verbesserung bestehender Begrünungen mittels Nachsaat - Neuanlage mit geteilten Mischungen - Nachträgliche Etablierung von geteilten Mischungen - Einsatz alternativer Deckfrüchte. Bedeutung des Projekts für die Praxis: Verbesserte Bewirtschaftung mit vermindertem Ressourceneinsatz. Betriebswirtschaftliche Vorteile durch Einsparungen bei Mulchfrequenz und Pflegekosten Verringerung des Bodenabtrages und des Verlustes an Bodenfruchtbarkeit Kontrollierte Versickerung von Oberflächenwasser anstatt unkontrollierter Wasserabfluss bei Starkregenereignissen Hangbefestigung und Erosionsschutz Vermutete positive Effekte auf Produktqualität Steigerung der Biodiversität im Wein- und Obstgarten Erhaltung regionaler Genetik von Pflanzen des Extensivgrünlandes durch Einsatz in passenden Saatgutmischungen.
Dieser Datensatz enthält die Abgrenzung der Sanierungs- und Fördergebiete in der Stadt Osnabrück.
Roots are currently discussed to store considerable amounts of carbon in the subsoil. Although it is well known that roots can penetrate the subsoil and deep subsoil (greater than 2 m) several meters deep, it remains unclear, how much carbon they contribute, if they lead to net carbon sequestration in the long-term and under which conditions they lead to carbon accumulation. Rhizoliths and biopores are root-related features that frequently occur in soil and underlying soil parent material. Recent studies in unconsolidated sediments show that they enable investigating the long-term effects of root penetration even after the lifetime of the source plant and thus the assessment of sustainable impacts of roots on subsoil organic matter (OM). While other research groups deal with the subsoil less than 2 m, (eg German Research Foundation (DFG) Research Group SUBSOM the current project focuses on the deep subsoil (greater than 2 m), where a significant overprint of OM is expected. In fact, this part of the subsurface is usually not regarded by soil scientists, but of large interest for paleoenvironmental researchers as valid e.g. for loess-paleosol sequences. So far, the effect of roots on subsoil OM was only studied on a single site in SW Germany during a precursor project, DFG (WI2810/10). Based on that project, the current proposal aims at the investigation of the transferability of the results to other sedimentary settings and ecological contexts. At several sites along a NE-SW transect across Europe (from The Netherlands across Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Hungary towards Serbia), unconsolidated material like dune and fluvial sands, as well as loess-paleosol sequences will be investigated with respect to OM quantity and quality as influenced by root penetration. Preliminary investigations of six potential sites in Germany, Hungary and Serbia showed that biopores and other root-related features can reach similar abundances in different settings. Nevertheless, consequences for OM sequestration and turnover may be different, depending not only on the respective source vegetation but also sedimentary properties. The target of the current project is to identify carbon losses or sequestration related to root penetration, which will be assessed by bulk organic and inorganic carbon contents as well as a variety of lipid biomarkers including alkanes, fatty acids, alcohols, glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers and suberin markers. The combination of these biomarkers enables the assessment of root-related overprint, if transects from root features to surrounding material free of them are investigated. The data will be fed into the VERHIB model for source apportionment of sedimentary and root-related OM. (abridged text)
Most of Earth is covered by soils and sediments. In this upper layer processes of decomposition of organic matter and structure formation are mediated by microorganisms. In this context, MICSTAB asks how and to which extend microorganisms control the stabilization and formation of Earths surface. We hypothesize that the mechanisms of stabilization by microorganisms occur under all climate conditions but with varying intensity and different microbiological community structure in the presence of different types of vegetation providing energy to the microorganisms. Further, we assume that initial pedogenesis following soil erosion, i.e. structure formation differs in intensity and microbial community structure between erosional and depositional sites and that related process intensities are controlled by climate. To address these questions, we conduct research in three primary study areas along a climate gradient from north to south in Chile. In each area, typical topographic positions, such as (i) geomorphodynamic stable reference site on hill top with no erosion or deposition, (ii) eroded site at the upper slopes, and (iii) depositional site at toe slopes, will be used for an in-field rainfall simulation experiment and a laboratory soil structure simulation experiment. We use rainfall simulation under natural conditions to analyze the erosion resistance of the land surface as a self-regulatory process after hundreds to thousands of years of soil formation under equilibrium conditions. The soil structure simulation experiment applies wet/dry cycles to samples from all climate regions and topographic positions to highlight soil structure formation with and without microorganism as a crucial part of surface stabilization processes. Both experiments are designed to better understand i) how microbiological processes control soil structure formation and stabilize Earths surface, ii) how microbial-mediated soil structure formation is influenced by redistribution of solid material and iii) how microbial communities react to changes in soil erosionunder different climate conditions. High resolution imaging techniques such as epifluorescence microscopy, SEM-EDX, confocal laser scanning microscopy and NanoSIMS can help to understand better the interrelationship of microorganisms and soil structure formation. These cutting-edge technologies, combined with integrated stable isotope techniques (e.g stable isotope probing, SIP) and state-of-the-art molecular ecological, soil chemical analyses as well as modern techniques of soil erosion research, will serve to identify and understand microbial-mediated key processes of land surface stabilization.