Zielsetzung: Dauerbegrünungen der Fahrgassen sind vom Management her wie intensiv bewirtschaftete Grünlandflächen zu betrachten. Durch einen Know How Transfer aus dem Grünlandbereich, verbunden mit der Entwicklung spezifischer Saatgutmischungen und Begrünungsstrategien kann eine deutliche Verbesserung bzw. Problemlösung auf Weinbauflächen der Süd- und Oststeiermark und allen Obstbauflächen mit dauerbegrünten Fahrgassen erreicht werden. Das Forschungsvorhaben setzt sich zum Ziel, bestehende Grünlandtechnik im Wein- und Obstbau zu etablieren sowie neue Strategien bei Zusammensetzung, Etablierung und Pflege von Dauerbegrünungen zu entwickeln. Auf geeigneten Flächen des Wein- und Obstbauzentrums Silberberg sollen in den nächsten Jahren die folgenden Forschungsvorhaben umgesetzt werden: - Entwicklung und Einsatz neuer Begrünungsmischungen - Sanierung/Verbesserung bestehender Begrünungen mittels Nachsaat - Neuanlage mit geteilten Mischungen - Nachträgliche Etablierung von geteilten Mischungen - Einsatz alternativer Deckfrüchte. Bedeutung des Projekts für die Praxis: Verbesserte Bewirtschaftung mit vermindertem Ressourceneinsatz. Betriebswirtschaftliche Vorteile durch Einsparungen bei Mulchfrequenz und Pflegekosten Verringerung des Bodenabtrages und des Verlustes an Bodenfruchtbarkeit Kontrollierte Versickerung von Oberflächenwasser anstatt unkontrollierter Wasserabfluss bei Starkregenereignissen Hangbefestigung und Erosionsschutz Vermutete positive Effekte auf Produktqualität Steigerung der Biodiversität im Wein- und Obstgarten Erhaltung regionaler Genetik von Pflanzen des Extensivgrünlandes durch Einsatz in passenden Saatgutmischungen.
Entwicklung biologisch abbaubarer flüssig applizierbarer Bodenbeschichtungen. Weiterentwicklung von Rezepturen mit angepassten Hafteigenschaften, Lebensdauer und Härte, um folgende Ziele zu erreichen: - physikalische Bodenstabilisierung gegen Erosion, - Reduktion des Unkrautdrucks, - Wasserrückhalt/Wasserspeicherung um das Pflanzenwachstum zu fördern. Entwicklung einer Vorgehensweise zur Beeinflussung und Bestimmung der biologischen Abbaubarkeit von CBAB nach dem geplanten Ende der Nutzungsdauer.
Dieser Datensatz enthält die Abgrenzung der Sanierungs- und Fördergebiete in der Stadt Osnabrück.
Research aims - The aim of this project is to demonstrate whether increased biodiversity and net primary production lead to increased carbon storage in the ecosystem, especially in the largest carbon pool, the mineral soil, and thus reduces the release of greenhouse gases. Climate change (nitrogen deposition, summer droughts, vegetation fire) - We will analyse plant-soil feedbacks in laboratory experiments, using our newly build Multi Isotope labelling in Controlled Environment (MICE) facility, and in three of the field sites (tropical, temperate, boreal) using transplanted model mini-ecosystems. Global change includes many processes, and we focus on three processes, key to the terrestrial carbon cycle, i.e. increasing chronic atmospheric nitrogen deposition, widespread summer droughts, and more frequent wildfires, with yet unknown consequences for the carbon cycle. We will use the MICE facility to manipulate mini-ecosystems (plants and soil from the three field sites) and expose them to four climatic scenarios: todays equivalent climate (corresponding to the site), increased nitrogen deposition, drought and post-fire conditions (by pyrolising the plant biomass). The plant-soil system will be labelled with stable isotopes (13C, 15N) in order i) to investigate the changes in organic matter dynamics when climate changes are applied and ii) to produce highly labelled experimental material that could be traced in the field. We will transplant the manipulated mini-ecosystem, from the MICE facility to the three URPP GCB sites Siberia, Laegeren and Borneo (tropical, temperate, boreal). The mini-ecosystems will contain highly labelled material (13C and 15N in fresh biomass and charred biomass) in order to follow fluxes related to C losses from the soil (CO2 and organic matter dissolved in water), as well as processes involved in the stabilisation of soil C (microbial, physical and chemical mechanisms). Using a large number of replicates will allow us to follow the underlying processes of C stabilisation in soil and vegetation at a high spatial and temporal precision. Biodiversity experiment - We will use the MICE chambers to grow different species of trees and grasses labelled with 13C (and potentially 15N, 18O and 2H) under todays climatic conditions. Then we recombine the different species (1, 2, 4, 8 species) and transplant them to the temperate site at Laegeren. In the field we can follow the total carbon fluxes and the contributions from the isotopically labelled decomposing biomass, and the living biomass.
Most of Earth is covered by soils and sediments. In this upper layer processes of decomposition of organic matter and structure formation are mediated by microorganisms. In this context, MICSTAB asks how and to which extend microorganisms control the stabilization and formation of Earths surface. We hypothesize that the mechanisms of stabilization by microorganisms occur under all climate conditions but with varying intensity and different microbiological community structure in the presence of different types of vegetation providing energy to the microorganisms. Further, we assume that initial pedogenesis following soil erosion, i.e. structure formation differs in intensity and microbial community structure between erosional and depositional sites and that related process intensities are controlled by climate. To address these questions, we conduct research in three primary study areas along a climate gradient from north to south in Chile. In each area, typical topographic positions, such as (i) geomorphodynamic stable reference site on hill top with no erosion or deposition, (ii) eroded site at the upper slopes, and (iii) depositional site at toe slopes, will be used for an in-field rainfall simulation experiment and a laboratory soil structure simulation experiment. We use rainfall simulation under natural conditions to analyze the erosion resistance of the land surface as a self-regulatory process after hundreds to thousands of years of soil formation under equilibrium conditions. The soil structure simulation experiment applies wet/dry cycles to samples from all climate regions and topographic positions to highlight soil structure formation with and without microorganism as a crucial part of surface stabilization processes. Both experiments are designed to better understand i) how microbiological processes control soil structure formation and stabilize Earths surface, ii) how microbial-mediated soil structure formation is influenced by redistribution of solid material and iii) how microbial communities react to changes in soil erosionunder different climate conditions. High resolution imaging techniques such as epifluorescence microscopy, SEM-EDX, confocal laser scanning microscopy and NanoSIMS can help to understand better the interrelationship of microorganisms and soil structure formation. These cutting-edge technologies, combined with integrated stable isotope techniques (e.g stable isotope probing, SIP) and state-of-the-art molecular ecological, soil chemical analyses as well as modern techniques of soil erosion research, will serve to identify and understand microbial-mediated key processes of land surface stabilization.