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Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Cloud Optical Thickness (COT), Level 3 – Global

This product displays the Cloud Optical Thickness (COT) around the globe. Clouds play a crucial role in the Earth's climate system and have significant effects on trace gas retrievals. The cloud optical thickness is retrieved from the O2-A band using the ROCINN algorithm. The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4). Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI - Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Level 3 - Global

Aerosol optical depth (AOD) as derived from TROPOMI observations. AOD describes the attenuation of the transmitted radiant power by the absence of aerosols. Attenuation can be caused by absorption and/or scattering. AOD is the primary parameter to evaluate the impact of aerosols on weather and climate. Daily AOD observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Aerosol Index (AI), Level 3 – Global

Aerosol Index (AI) as derived from TROPOMI observations. AI is an indicator for episodic aerosol plumes from dust outbreaks, volcanic ash, and biomass burning. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Surface Nitrogendioxide (NO2), Level 4 – Regional (Germany and neighboring countries)

The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product displays the Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) near surface concentration for Germany and neighboring countries as derived from the POLYPHEMUS/DLR air quality model. Surface NO2 is mainly generated by anthropogenic sources, e.g. transport and industry. POLYPHEMUS/DLR is a state-of-the-art air quality model taking into consideration - meteorological conditions, - photochemistry, - anthropogenic and natural (biogenic) emissions, - TROPOMI NO2 observations for data assimilation. This Level 4 air quality product (surface NO2 at 15:00 UTC) is based on innovative algorithms, processors, data assimilation schemes and operational processing and dissemination chain developed in the framework of the INPULS project. The DLR project INPULS develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Kontinuierliche Emissionsmessungen

Kontinuierliche Emissionsmessungen erfolgen zur Überwachung der Einhaltung von Emissionsgrenzwerten unter Verwendung von automatischen Messeinrichtungen, die in der Abgasleitung der zu überwachenden Anlage stationär installiert sind. Die immissionsschutzrechtlichen Vorschriften sehen dies für Anlagen mit größeren Emissionsmassenströmen für bestimmte Schadstoffe vor. Die dabei eingesetzten Messeinrichtungen müssen für diese Messaufgabe eine Eignungsprüfung nach der Norm DIN EN 15267 Blatt 3 erfolgreich bestanden haben, ihre Eignung muss im Bundesanzeiger veröffentlicht sein. Eine Datenbank für alle bekannt gegebenen Messeinrichtungen wird vom Umweltbundesamt geführt. Zur Zeit stehen eignungsgeprüfte Messeinrichtungen für die Schadstoffe CO,CO 2 , CH 4 , Formaldehyd, Phenol, SO 2 , NO x , N 2 O, Staub, H 2 S, HCl, HF, Summe organischer Stoffe, NH 3 , Hg und für die Abgasparameter Sauerstoff, Volumenstrom und Feuchtegehalt zur Verfügung. Die automatischen Messeinrichtungen müssen während ihres Betriebes in regelmäßigen Abständen geprüft werden, ob sie bestimmten Qualitätsanforderungen genügen. Dazu gehören die von nach § 29b i. V. m. § 26 BImSchG bekanntgegebenen Prüfinstituten durchzuführenden jährlichen Funktionsprüfungen sowie die Kalibrierung der Messeinrichtungen alle drei Jahre (s. a. DIN EN 14181). Hierbei erfolgt ein Abgleich der Messgeräteanzeige mit Messergebnissen, die parallel mit dem für den jeweiligen Schadstoff zutreffenden Standard-Referenzmessverfahren durch Einzelmessungen ermittelt werden. Mit Hilfe einer eignungsgeprüften Auswerteeinrichtung müssen im laufenden Betrieb der Messeinrichtung die aus den Messergebnissen gebildeten Halbstunden- und Tagesmittelwerte registriert, validiert, klassiert, ausgewertet und gespeichert werden. Die Regelungen sind in der Bundeseinheitliche Praxis bei der Überwachung der Emissionen (RdSchr. d. BMUB v. 31.07.2023 – AG C I 2 – 5025/001-2023.0001) enthalten. Eine detaillierte Darstellung von Vorgaben zur Statuskennung und Klassierung kann als Interpretationshilfe der Bundeseinheitlichen Praxis bei der Überwachung der Emissionen herangezogen werden. Der Anlagenbetreiber berichtet der zuständigen Behörde über die Ergebnisse der kontinuierlichen Messungen eines Kalenderjahres innerhalb von 3 Monaten nach Ablauf eines jeden Kalenderjahres.

Microbial community composition and bacterioplankton at time series station Helgoland Roads, North Sea

A process of global importance in carbon cycling is the remineralization of algae biomass by heterotrophic bacteria, most notably during massive marine algae blooms. Such blooms can trigger secondary blooms of planktonic bacteria that consist of swift successions of distinct bacterial clades, most prominently members of the Flavobacteriia, Gammaproteobacteria and the alphaproteobacterial Roseobacter clade. This study explores such successions during spring phytoplankton blooms in the southern North Sea (German Bight) for four consecutive years. The surface water samples were taken at Helgoland Island about 40 km offshore in the southeastern North Sea in the German Bight at the station 'Kabeltonne' (54° 11.3' N, 7° 54.0' E) between the main island and the minor island, Düne (German for 'dune') using small research vessels (http://www.awi.de/en/expedition/ships/more-ships.html). Water depths at this site fluctuate from 6 to 10 m over the tidal cycle. Samples were processed as described previously (Teeling et al., 2012; doi:10.7554/eLife.11888.001) in the laboratory of the Biological Station Helgoland within less than two hours after sampling. Assessment of absolute cell numbers and bacterioplankton community composition was carried out as described previously (Thiele et al., 2011; doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53199-5.00056-7). To obtain total cell numbers, DNA of formaldehyde fixed cells filtered on 0.2 mm pore sized filters was stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Fluorescently labeled cells were subsequently counted on filter sections using an epifluores-cence microscope. Likewise, bacterioplankton community composition was assessed by catalyzedreporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) of formaldehyde fixed cells on 0.2 mm pore sized filters.

Abundance of Prokaryotes in deep-sea sediments analyzed by CARD-FISH

We fixed 0.5 g aliquots of sediment with a 4% formaldehyde solution for 2-4 h, washed the fixed sediments three times with 1x phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), before storing them in 50% ethanol/PBS at -20°C. For water samples, we fixed 10 ml (for samples from the deep chlorophyll maximum and 100 m water depth) and 30 ml (for meso- and bathypelagic samples) with formaldehyde to a final concentration of 2-4% for 2-4 h, then filtered over a 0.22 µm polycarbonate filter, and stored samples at -20°C. We performed total cell counts as described by Schauer et al. (2011, doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02530.x) using the nucleic acid dye 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). A minimum of 1,000 cells in 20 independent grids were counted using a Zeiss Axio Imager M1 epifluorescence microscope equipped with a 100x/1.25 oil plan-apochromat objective. We used Catalyzed Reporter Deposition-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (CARD-FISH) according to Ishii et al. (2004) to count Gammaproteobacteria and JTB255 cells. We used the GAM42a oligonucleotide probe and the BET42a competitor probe to target members of the Gammaproteobacteria (Manz et al., 1992, doi:10.1016/S0723-2020(11)80121-9). We designed the JTB819a and JTB897 probes to target 16S rRNA gene sequences assigned to JTB255 in SILVA release 128 and the cJTB897 competitor probe to target all non-JTB255 16S sequences in SILVA release 128 that have a single mismatch to JTB819a and JTB897 probes. We obtained total gammaproteobacterial and JTB255 cell counts from duplicate filters derived from each sampling site.

Weiterentwicklung der Anforderungen an die Formaldehyd- und VOC-Emissionen beim Blauen Engel für Holzwerkstoffe und andere innenraumrelevante Produkte

Der Blaue Engel ist ein zentrales Instrument für die Auswahl von emissionsarmen und umweltfreundlichen Produkten. Vor dem Hintergrund geänderter Prüfbedingungen gemäß Chemikalien-Verbotsverordnung stellte sich die Frage, ob Bodenbeläge, die bereits mit dem Blauen Engel ausgezeichnet sind, die Anforderungen unter den neuen Prüfbedingungen erfüllen und ob die für Formaldehyd genannten Prüfbedingungen auch für die Bewertung der weiteren Emissionen flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen zugrunde gelegt werden können. Hierzu wurden unterschiedliche Bodenbeläge gemäß DIN EN 16516 in den Prüfszenarien nach ChemVerbotsV und AgBB-Schema sowie einige gemäß EN 717-1 vergleichend untersucht. Der Bericht enthält darauf aufbauend Vorschläge für die Weiterentwicklung der Vergabekriterien des Blauen Engel in Bezug auf Formaldehyd und VOC. Veröffentlicht in Texte | 43/2026.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI - Aerosol Single-Scattering Albedo (ASSA), Level 3 - Global

Aerosol single-scattering albedo (ASSA) as derived from TROPOMI observations. ASSA is a measure of how much light is scattered by aerosols compared to how much is absorbed. It is important for understanding the impact of aerosols on climate and radiative forcing. ASSA is unitless; a value of unity implies that extinction is completely due to scattering; conversely, a single-scattering albedo of zero implies that extinction is completely due to absorption. Daily ASSA observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Ultraviolet Index (UVI), Level 3 – Global

UV Index (UVI) as derived from TROPOMI observations. The UVI describes the intensity of the solar ultraviolet radiation. Values around zero indicate low, values greater than 10 indicate very high UV exposure on the ground. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

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