Wildformen und alte Sorten werden auf Ertrags- und Qualitaetsmerkmale untersucht und anschliessend vermehrt. Durch Langzeitlagerung bei der Genbank wird das Saatgut als Ausgangsmaterial fuer die Pflanzenzuechtung langfristig zur Verfuegung gestellt.
In Gefaessversuchen werden Baumwoll- und Reispflanzen unter verschiedenen Versalzungsgraden angezogen. Es stellen sich bei bestimmten Konzentrationen Schaeden an den Kulturpflanzen ein.
Bei verschiedenen Kulturpflanzen (Reis, Bohnen, Weizen, Teff, Mais, Futterpflanzen) werden Naehrstoffaufnahme und Ertragsbildung in Abhaengigkeit von der Duengung und des Bodens auf tropischen Standorten (Kolumbien, Aethiopien, Iran, Nigeria) untersucht.
Ruminants play an important role as assets and sources of high quality food and income for rural populations in the developing world. Ruminant productivity is usually low due to inadequate nutrition (i.e. protein deficiency). Promising forage species, mainly legumes, have been identified to overcome these limitations. Many of these legume species contain tannins that could be either advantageous or disadvantageous in terms of feed efficiency and metabolizable protein supply to the animal. The overall aim of this project is to develop efficient feeding systems based on tanniniferous shrub and tree legumes in order to improve livestock productivity and to alleviate poverty of smallholders in the tropics. This will by achieved through (i) studying the effect of plant nutritional status on the accumulation of condensed tannins in legumes, and the influence of these tannins in ruminant nutrition and the nitrogen fertilizer value of animal excreta for plants, and (ii) designing optimal feeding strategies based on the use of tropical forage legumes with different tannin content to overcome the limitations of ruminant diets in protein supply. Finally, the results will be assessed by an ex-ante economic analysis at farm level and at ecoregional levels. The outcomes of this work will provide the necessary background information for better feeding practices based on tanniniferous legumes. The project is part of the Research Priority Area on 'Livestock Systems Research in Support of Poor People of the Swiss Centre for International Agriculture.
The project explores the effects of including forage legumes into the diet of ruminants on their intake pattern, performance, N use efficiency and gaseous emissions. Focus is put on red clover, white clover, lucerne and, as a companion grass, ryegrass. Both lowland and high altitude sites will be investigated. The project is part of the ongoing EU COST Action 852 'Quality Legume-Based Forage Systems for Contrasting Environments' coordinated by Dr. A. Helgadottir, Iceland. The topic of one Working Group (headed by Dr. M. Wachendorf and Prof. M. Kreuzer) of this COST action is 'Forage Utilisation'. In this Working Group three main areas are covered, namely animal intake and grazing behaviour, quality of legume-based fresh and ensiled forage, and the mechanisms of N-flows within the ruminant (efficiency-losses). A common protocol developed by the Working Group, which includes animal product quality as an additional focus, will be applied across as many European countries as possible. The present includes the activities required by the common protocol and investigates additional questions. This project takes place mainly at the ETH research stations Chamau and Weissenstein. The project opens a new collaboration with Dr. A. Luescher, Swiss Federal Research Station for Agroecology and Agriculture, and strengthens an existing collaboration with Prof. J.E. Carulla. Furthermore, through participation in this European network other collaborations will evolve.
Durch die Zuechtung werden resistente und ertragreiche Futterpflanzen (Klee und Raigraeser) geschaffen. Die Lebensdauer der Pflanzen und die Qualitaet des Futters kann dadurch verbessert werden. Behandlungen mit chemischen Mitteln sind bei resistenten Sorten nicht mehr notwendig. Der Anbau ausdauernder Sorten gestattet eine Einschraenkung der Stickstoffduengung und wirkt dadurch energiesparend und umweltfreundlich.
L'obtention de varietes resistantes aux maladies et aux ravageurs permet de reduire, voire de supprimer les interventions chimiques pour la protection des cultures. Les varietes qui valorisent mieux les reserves en nutriments du sol (en particulier l'azote) offrent une possibilite de reduction des fumures. Especes concernees: ble, triticale, soja, dactyle, fetuque, paturin, vigne, poirier, divers legumes. (FRA)
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