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Myanmar subduction to collision imaging array (MySCOLAR)

The temporary seismic array of MySCOLAR in northern Myanmar consists of 30 broadband stations. The overall scientific goals are to understand the transition from continental collision to oceanic subduction, to quantify the partitioning of deformation in the accretionary prism, in the Burma Plate and along the strike-slip Sagaing fault system and to image the subducting Indian Plate beneath Myanmar and southwest China. The seismological analysis methods applied to this dataset will include location of local earthquakes and determining their focal mechanisms, surface wave tomography from ambient noise and earthquake data, body wave tomography from local and teleseismic earthquakes, full waveform inversion for Earth structure, receiver functions, and shear wave splitting. A subset of the stations was transmitting data in real time, and these stations contributed to real-time earthquake analysis by the Department of Meteorology and Hydrology (DMH) in Myanmar and the GEOFON earthquake monitoring service. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 6C.

Multi-scale imaging of the Main Pamir Thrust faults within the framework of CaTeNA project – Climatic and Tectonic Natural Hazards in Central Asia

We propose to investigate the structure and evolution of the Main Pamir Thrust (MPT) with a high-density seismological array. The MPT, with its surface expression along the east-west trending Alai Valley, marks the northern boundary of the Pamir. The Alai Valley, separating the Pamir and the Tien Shan, constitutes the last vestige of a formerly continuous basin that linked the Tarim and the Tajik Basins. The MPT manifests itself as a place of high seismic activity with frequently occurred disastrous earthquakes. The array is about 50 km long, consisted of 90 three-component geophones (stations G?? and C??) and 10 Trillium-Compact seismometers (stations T??), and equipped with 100 CUBE dataloggers. We will construct a high-resolution receiver function profile to image the MPT and accurately locate the local earthquakes associated with the MPT. Funded by BMBF, within the framework of CaTeNA project – Climatic and Tectonic Natural Hazards in Central Asia. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 7A.

Building Monitoring and Decentralized on-site Earthquake Early Warning network, Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan)

Building monitoring and decentralized, on-site Earthquake Early Warning system for the Kyrgyz capital Bishkek. Several low cost sensors equipped with MEMS accelerometers have been installed in eleven buildings within the urban area of the city. The different sensing units communicate with each other via wireless links and the seismic data are streamed in real-time to data centres at GFZ and the Central Asian Institute for Applied Geoscience (CAIAG) using internet. Since each sensing unit has its own computing capabilities, software for data processing can be installed to perform decentralised actions. In particular, each sensing unit can perform event detection tasks and run software for on-site early warning. If a description for the vulnerability of the building is uploaded to the sensing unit, this can be exploited to introduce the expected probability of damage in the early-warning protocol customized for a specific structure. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code KD.

TIPTIMON (Tien Shan-Pamir Monitoring Program) AFGHANISTAN 2

The Pamir-Hindu Kush region of Tajikistan and NE Afghanistan stands out due to its worldwide unique zone of intense intermediate depth seismicity, accommodating frequent Mw 7+ earthquakes with hypocenters reaching down to 250 km depth. With this network we aim to collect data allowing to characterize the active deformation within the Hindu Kush mountains and the Tajik-Afghan basin at the northwestern tip of the India-Asia collision zone. The network consists 15 sites (14 stations in Afghanistan, 1 station in Tajikistan), situated on top of the nest of intermediate depth seismicity and further west in the Afghan platform. The stations are equipped with short period Mark seismometers and Cube data recorders. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 4C. After the end of embargo, data will be openly available under CC-BY 4.0 license according to GIPP-rules.

ACROSS Strong Motion Network in Central Asia

Earthquake Early Warning and Rapid Response Systems (EEWRRS) should be a viable complement to other disaster risk reduction strategies, particularly in economically developing countries. The „Early Warning and Impact Forecasting“ group (GFZ, section 2.6) is actively involved in the development of novel strategies to develop scientific and technological solutions that may be efficiently applied in countries with limited resources. The proposed solution includes a risk estimation module that extracts from a portfolio of precomputed impact scenarios those matching the characterization of the event detected by an optimized real-time monitoring network. The real-time network integrates both local, on-site components based on low-cost, smart sensor platforms, as well as regional, sparse strong-motion stations. This hybrid solution allows for the optimization of the lead-time and is tailored to the seismotectonic features of the considered region. A prototype EEWRR System is being developed for the Kyrgyz Republic, with the support of the partner CAIAG and in collaboration with the Ministry of Emergency Solutions of the Government of the Kyrygz Republic (MES). Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code AD.

Sarez Pamir aftershock seismic network

The Sarez Pamir aftershock seismic network was installed two months after the 7 December 2015, Mw7.2 Sarez Pamir earthquake in the eastern Pamir highland of Tajikistan. In the first recording period until September 2016, the stations were distributed along the Sarez-Karakul fault system. In September 2016 part of the stations were moved into the southern Pamir. In total the network consisted of eight stations on 13 sites, equipped with broad band, 3-component seismometers of type Trillium Compact. The data were recorded using Earth Data recorders (EDR), recording was continuous at a sample rate of 100Hz.The principal aim of the network was to record the aftershock sequence of the Sarez earthquake and to augment the coeval East Pamir China seismic network and the earlier TIPAGE and TIPTIMON seismic networks. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 9H.

East Pamir Network

The East Pamir seismic network was located on the eastern flank of the Pamir highlands and the in the foreland of the adjacent Tarim Basin of western China. It was in operation between August 2015 and May 2017 and consisted of 30 broad band, 3-component seismometers of type Güralp CMG-3ESP or Nanometrics Trillium 120. The data were recorded using Earth Data PS6-24 "EDL" recorders, continuously at a sample rate of 100Hz, with an average station distance of ~20km. The network was designed to augment the earlier TIPAGE and TIPTIMON seismic networks.The principal aim of the network was to characterize the current deformation field in the region. It further recorded the 2015 M7.2 Sarez earthquake. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 8H.

TIPTIMON (Tien Shan-Pamir Monitoring Program) TAJIKISTAN (2012/2014)

The TIPTIMON seismic deployment in Tajikistan aimed to study the seismotectonics of the western Pamir and Tajik-Afghan basin. Within this network 25 seismic stations were deployed between 2012 to 2014 to study shallow and intermediate depth seismicity. TIPTIMON (Tien Shan-Pamir Monitoring) is a research programme funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the CAME Programme (Central Asia - Monsoon dynamics and Geo-ecosystems). All stations recorded continuously with 100 samples per second and were equipped with EDL (EarthData PR6-24) recorders and broadband seismometers. Waveform data is available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 5C.

Tienshan Pamir Geodynamics Project (TIPAGE)

We study deep structures and geodynamic processes in the Tien Shan and Pamir collision zones, central Asia, with passive source seismic experiments in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. In 2008, a total of 40 seismic stations were deployed predominantly along a 350 km long N-S profile and partly as a sparse 2D seismic network covering an area of 300x300 km of the central Pamir plateau. In 2009, the array was rearranged into a 2D network with higher station density. The proposed scientific tasks to study the crust and upper mantle with seismic methods include (i) teleseismic P and S receiver functions, (ii) shear wave splitting, (iii) location of local earthquakes and waveform inversion for source mechanism, (iv) seismic tomography using local and teleseismic earthquakes, and (v) tomography of surface waves and ambient noise.

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