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Die oberflaechliche Kontamination von Koernerfruechten bei direkter Trocknung mit Propangas und Heizoel EL (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cr, Ni, Se, Cd, Pb, As, Hg, S, F, NO2, NO3)

Nachweis aller im Rauchgas/Luftgemisch von Fluessiggas- und Leichtoelbrennern auftretenden Stoffe (Pb, F, CrIII, CrVI, Zn, Se, Ni, As, Hg, Cd, Mo, Sn, Cu, SO2, Hf, NOx, polycyklische Aromate) bei Variation von Luftmenge, Gas- bzw. Oelmenge und Brennereinstellung. Ermittlung der Ablagerungen aus diesem Rauchgas/Luftgemisch auf Koernerschuettungen in Satz- und Durchlauftrocknern.

Soil CO2 flux and isotopic dataset for the characterization of the Escarot mofette area in the French Massif Central

This data file contains area-wide soil CO2 flux data from the Escarot mofette area in the Monts Dore volcanic province, Massif Central. Addtional data for stable carbon analysis of CO2 and CH4 as well as noble gas analysis from mofettes are included. Furthermore field parameters (pH, temperature, and electrical conductivity) of an observation borehole and a bubbling mofette are included.

Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB) 990: Ökologische und sozioökonomische Funktionen tropischer Tieflandregenwald-Transformationssysteme (Sumatra, Indonesien), Teilprojekt A05: Fachliche Zuordnung Bodenwissenschaften Förderung Förderung seit 2012

Unser Projekt hat folgende Ziele: 1. Die Bewertung von Managementsystemen von Palmöl-Plantagen im Hinblick auf die N2-Fixierung und die Effizienz mit der Nährstoffe genutzt und im System gespeichert werden. 2. Ableitung einer Treibhausgasbilanz auf Ökosystemebene durch die Kombination von Gasflussmessungen im Boden mit Messungen der Eddy-Kovarianz. 3. Die Bestimmung des Anteils von Nitrifikation und Denitrifikation an den N2O-Flüssen und die Quantifizierung der räumlichen und zeitlichen Variabilität von Treibhausgasflüssen im Boden. 4. Die Bewertung des Beitrags von Flussufer- und -Auenbereichen sowie Baumstammemissionen zur Treibhausgasbilanz auf Landschaftsebene.

Hochaufloesende interferometrische Fourier Transform Spektroskopie atmosphaerischer Gase

Es werden neue spektroskopische Verfahren entwickelt und auf atmosphaerische Gase (z. B. CO, NO, CO2, HF, CH4, CHX3, CHF2Cl und andere Freone) angewendet. Mit Hilfe unserer Analysen sind genaue Simulationen der atmosphaerischen Absorption dieser Gase im Infrarotbereich moeglich. Moegliche Anwendungen unserer Ergebnisse finden sich im Bereich Umweltanalytik durch Spektroskopie, Strahlungstransport in der Atmosphaere, etc.

Klimaschutz: Hohlleiterbasierte Spurengasanalyse von Methan

TOC, TIC, TN and TS contents and stable isotope signatures (δ13C of TOC, δ15N, δ34S) of fine-grained saltmarsh deposits of the barrier island Spiekeroog at the southern North Sea Coast

The dataset compiles total organic carbon (TOC), total inorganic carbon (TIC), total nitrogen (TN) and total sulfur (TS) contents and stable isotope signatures (δ13C of TOC, δ15N, δ34S) of fine-grained deposits (clay, loam) over sandy subsoils of the saltmarsh of the barrier island Spiekeroog at the southern North Sea coast. Sampling was performed in September 2016 along three transects spanning from the high saltmarsh to the pioneer zone. At each sample point, soil samples were taken from the first 5 cm of the upper part (top samples) and from the deepest 5 cm of the lower part (bottom samples) of the fine-grained deposit. If the fine-grained deposit layer had a thickness < 10 cm, only one bulk soil sample (single samples) was taken for the depth range equal to the deposit thickness. Samples were ground to fine powder. TIC was measured on oven-dried samples coulometrically with an Analytik Jena multi EA 4000 analyzer. The total carbon (TC), TN, and TS were analyzed using a Thermo Scientific Flash EA Isolink Elemental Analyzer. The TOC contents were calculated as the difference between TC and TIC. TOC, TN, and TS contents are reported based on the original dry mass. For isotope analysis, dried and homogenized samples were weighed in tin cups and combusted in a Thermo Scientific Flash EA Isolink Elemental Analyzer, connected to a Thermo Finnigan MAT 253 gas mass spectrometer via a Thermo Conflo IV split interface. The δ13C values of TOC were measured after decalcification of the ground powders with p. a. grade HCl. The TN and δ34S analysis were carried out on a separate aliquot of sample powder. The isotope results are given in the conventional δ-notation.

Faseroptischer Gassensor auf Basis von Metal Organic Frameworks zum Einsatz in Transformatorenöl für predicti-ve Maintenance in Hochspannungsanlagen, Teilvorhaben: Entwicklung von Metal Organic Frameworks zur Dispergierung in Tintenform und anschließenden Herstellung sensorischer Dünnschichten

Im Zuge der Energiewende findet ein Übergang von wenigen Kraftwerken mit gleichmäßiger Energieerzeugung hin zu zahlreichen Kraftwerken mit variabler Energieerzeugung. Dieser Wandel stellt neue Herausforderungen an die Netzregulierung und -überwachung. Im Verbundvorhaben 'TrafoMOF' wird aus diesem Grund ein faseroptischer Gassensor auf Basis von Metal Organic Frameworks (kurz: MOFs) entwickelt. Zielanwendung für diesen Sensor ist die 'Dissolved Gas Analysis' (kurz: DGA) in Isoliermedien von Hochspannungsanlagen. Die Alterung der Isoliermedien ist die Hauptursache für Ausfälle von Hochspannungsanlagen. Durch die Detektion von Zersetzungsprodukten der Isoliermedien kann eine Aussage über den Fortschritt der Alterung getroffen und damit die Betriebsfähigkeit der Hochspannungsanlage beurteilt werden. Im Fokus der Analysen stehen die Zersetzungsprodukte Methan, Ethan, Ethen, Ethin, Wasserstoff, Methanol, Kohlendioxid und die Stoffgruppe der Furane. Durch den Einsatz MOFs ist es möglich sensorische Dünnschichten zu erzeugen, die hochgradig selektiv auf jeweils eines der zu analysierenden Zersetzungsprodukte ansprechen. Bei den MOFs handelt es sich um eine vielfältige Gruppe mikroporöser Stoffe, die andere Moleküle in ihre Mikroporen einlagern. Hierdurch ändern sich die Stoffeigenschaften der MOFs, was genutzt wird, um die Lichtführungseigenschaften von Glasfasern zu modulieren. Diese Sensortechnik erreicht einen neuen Stand der Technik im Feld der Sensorik für Hochspannungsanlagen. Durch die generierten Messergebnisse werden neue Möglichkeiten für Netzregulierung und -überwachung geschaffen.

Dissolved methane concentrations of water samples from the North Sea during ALKOR cruise AL575 (27 June 2022 - 13 July 2022)

Water sampling was conducted during AL575 cruise in the North Sea by using Niskin Bottles attached to CTD/Water sampler rosette and ROV (Haeckel and Schmidt, 2024). To detect methane anomalies in the water column derived from seafloor gas emissions the recovered water samples were processed by using headspace gas sampling and subsequent gas chromatographic analysis. Based on measured methane concentrations of headspace gas in (micro-atm) the dissolved methane concentrations in water were calculated (nmol l-1).

Absolute abundances of methane- and sulfate-cycling microorganisms, pore water gas concentrations and stable carbon isotopes (Table 1)

Soil cores for microbial, dissolved gas concentrations and isotopic analysis were taken using a Russian type peat corer (De Vleeschouwer et al. 2010) before and after rewetting. Each time, we took duplicates at stations 1-8 for this rather labor-intensive process and divided the core into four depth sections: surface, 5–20, 20–40 and 40–50 cm. Subsamples for dissolved gases and stable carbon isotope analyses were taken with tip-cut syringes with a distinct volume of 3 ml (Omnifix, Braun, Bad Arolsen, Germany) and immediately placed into NaCl-saturated vials (20 ml, Agilent Technologies, 5182-0837, Santa Clara, USA) leaving no headspace and closed gas-tight using rubber stoppers and metal crimpers (both: diameter 20 mm, Glasgerätebau Ochs, Bovenden, Germany).

Brackish water rewetting of a temperate coastal peatland in NE Germany: Effects on Biogeochemistry, Microorganisms and Greenhouse gas emissions

The rewetting of drained peatlands is a promising measure to mitigate carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by preventing the further mineralization of the peat soil through aeration. While freshwater rewetted peatlands can be significant methane (CH4) sources in the short-term, in coastal ecosystems the input of sulfate-rich seawater could potentially mitigate these emissions. The purpose of the data collection was to examine whether the presence of sulfate, known as an alternative electron acceptor, can cause lower CH4 production and thus, emissions by favoring the growth of sulfate-reducers, which outcompete methanogens for substrate. We therefore investigated underlying variables such as the methane-cycling microbial community along with CH4 fluxes and set them in context with CO2 fluxes along a transect in a coastal peatland before and directly after rewetting. In this way, a conclusion about the short-term greenhouse gas mitigation potential of brackish water rewetting of coastal peatlands could be drawn. This data collection consists of six data sets, with direct comparisons before and after rewetting of CO2 and CH4 fluxes (Tab. 2) and associated microbial communities (Tab. 1) being the main data. Pore water geochemistry (Tab. 1 and 3) and surface water parameters (Tab. 4) were collected simultaneously to provide potential explanatory variables. The sampling of continuous water level (Tab. 5) within wells and atmospheric weather data (air and soil temperature, relative humidity, photosynthetic photon flux density; Tab. 6) from a weather station was done in addition. Measurements started in June/July/August 2019 after field installation was finalized and were conducted on the drained coastal fen "Polder Drammendorf" on the island of Rügen in North-East Germany. On 26th November 2019, the dike was opened and channeled in order to rewet the peatland with brackish water. Before, the dike separated the peatland from the adjacent bay "Kubitzer Bodden", which is part of a brackish lagoon system connected to the Baltic Sea. Therefore, the peatland was nearly completely flooded and now resembles a shallow lagoon with high fluctuating water levels. We measured along a humidity (pre-rewetting)/water level (post-rewetting) gradient (stations 0-8) towards and across the main North-South oriented drainage ditch, including four stations on the Eastern side of the ditch (1–4), two ditch stations (0, 5) and two stations (6, 7) on the Western side of the ditch. Station 8 was chosen as an additional station farther towards the adjacent bay on the Western side, but was only accessible before rewetting. CH4 and CO2 fluxes (stations 0-7) were calculated from online gas concentrations measurements using laser-based analyzers and manual closed chambers (Livingston, G. P., & Hutchinson, G. (1995). Enclosure-based measurement of trace gas exchange: Applications and sources of error. In P.A. Matson, & R.C. Harriss (Eds.). Biogenic trace gases: Measuring emissions from soil and water (pp. 14–51). Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, UK). Soil cores for microbial, dissolved gas concentrations and isotopic analysis were taken using a Russian type peat corer (De Vleeschouwer, F., Chambers, F. M., & Swindles, G. T. (2010). Coring and sub-sampling of peatlands for palaeoenvironmental research. Mires and Peat, 7, 1–10) before and after rewetting. Each time, we took duplicates at stations 1-8 for this rather labor-intensive process and divided the core into four depth sections: surface, 5–20, 20–40 and 40–50 cm. Subsamples for dissolved gases and stable carbon isotope analyses were taken with tip-cut syringes with a distinct volume of 3 ml (Omnifix, Braun, Bad Arolsen, Germany) and immediately placed into NaCl-saturated vials (20 ml, Agilent Technologies, 5182-0837, Santa Clara, USA) leaving no headspace and closed gas-tight using rubber stoppers and metal crimpers (both: diameter 20 mm, Glasgerätebau Ochs, Bovenden, Germany). Absolute abundances of specific functional target genes, including methane- and sulfate-cycling microorganisms, were measured with quantitative PCR (qPCR) after DNA was extracted (GeneMATRIX Soil DNA Purification Kit, Roboklon, Berlin, Germany) and quantified (Qubit 2.0 Fluorometer, ThermoFisher Scientific, Darmstadt, Germany). Surface and pore water parameters were measured in parallel to the gas measurements and soil coring for microbial analyses. Most surface water variables (pH, specific conductivity, salinity, nutrients, oxygen, sulfate and chloride concentrations, DOC/DIC) were measured in-situ using a multiparameter digital water quality meter or taken to the laboratory as water samples for further analysis. Likewise, pore water/soil variables (pH, specific conductivity, nutrients, metals, sulfate and chloride concentrations, CNS) were either measured in-situ or taken to the laboratory as soil samples. While surface water analysis was only conducted in the drainage ditch before rewetting, it was done along the entire transect after rewetting. In contrast, pore water/soil analysis was mostly conducted before rewetting and only repeated occasionally after rewetting where possible.

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