This global World Settlement Footprint (WSF) was created using Sentinel-1 und 2 imagery from the years 2016 to 2026 and developed through collaboration between the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and MindEarth, with support from a dedicated initiative of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Global Development Assistance (GDA) programme. It captures settlement changes worldwide every six months with a spatial resolution of 10m x 10m. The world's built-up footprint is expanding rapidly, but this growth is not occurring uniformly. In many regions, new settlements, infrastructure, and economic activities are increasingly emerging in areas exposed to environmental and geophysical hazards, while elsewhere settlement dynamics reflect reconstruction, displacement, or broader socio-economic change. Understanding these patterns requires more than a static view of the built environment. Timely information on where settlements emerge and how they evolve is essential for assessing exposure, planning infrastructure and services, supporting disaster risk reduction, and informing policy and development decisions. The WSF Tracker provides a globally consistent foundation for these analyses, enabling users to combine settlement dynamics with hazard, population, infrastructure, and socio-economic datasets across local, regional, and global scales. By analysing satellite observations from the European Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 missions and combining it with auxilary data likes dems and roand networks the dataset provides a spatially detailed and frequently updated picture of built-up area development at a scale that has so far been largely unavailable globally.
Die Weiterbearbeitung konzentriert sich auf folgende Bereiche: Umweltvertraeglichkeit; Abstimmung der Dimensionen auf das Landschaftsbild; Beschraenkung des Baustandes z.B. durch Ueberbauung von Bahn- und Strassenarealen (Autobahnen usw.). Untersuchung oekolog. Fragen, der Energiebilanz und des Mikro- und Stadtklimas; Elimination des ueberfluessigen Anteils des Privatverkehrs; Massnahmen zur Foerderung der Fussgaengerbeziehungen; Integration der Radwege in die Zentrumsstruktur, Intensivierung und Attraktivierung des oeffentl. Verkehrs. Aufstellung von allgemein gueltigen GESTALTUNGSPRINZIPIEN fuer Stadt-, Strassen- und Platzraeume; Zuordnungsmoeglichkeiten zwischen der 'gebauten Umwelt' und den dazwischen liegenden Freiraeumen usw..
Um die gesellschaftlichen Ziele im Hinblick auf eine nachhaltige Entwicklung unserer Umwelt zu ereichen, wissen wir, dass die Energieeffizienz und Ökologie eines jeden Architekturprojektes heute ganz oben auf der Agenda aller Planenden stehen (müssen). Man könnte meinen, dass das Einbeziehen der Aspekte zur Ökologie und Energieperformance zu einer ganz neuen architektonischen Formensprache führen müsste. Dies ist aber bis heute kaum der Fall. Abgesehen von einigen wenigen Beispielen, entstehen in der Regel entweder die in der allgemeinen architektonischen Fachwelt eher verpönten Öko-Häuser' - meist Einfamilienhäuser mit einer zusammenhangsloser Zusammensetzung von Holzelementen, dicker Wärmedämmung, Sonnenkollektoren und einem aufgesetzten Wintergarten. Oder es wird behauptet, dass die Überlegungen zur Ökologie und Energieeffizienz im Entwurf so gut versteckt sind, dass man davon (architektonisch) nichts mehr merkt. Dieses Forschungsprojekt beschäftigt sich mit folgenden Fragestellungen; wie ausgeprägt ist die Beziehung zwischen der Form und der Energieperformance eines Gebäudes? Führt das Einbeziehen solcher Überlegungen zwangsläufig zu einer neuen Formensprache? Oder es ist denkbar, die Energieeffizienz und Nachhaltigkeit eines Gebäudes unabhängig von seiner Architekturstilrichtung und ohne Auswirkungen auf den gewollten architektonischen Eindruck so zu optimieren, dass die o.a. gesellschaftlichen Ziele trotzdem erreicht werden können?
Breakthroughs in computing have led to the development of new generations of Earth Systems Models, which provide detailed information on how our planet may locally respond to the ongoing global warming, with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions of 1 km and a few minutes, respectively. This massive climate data may be of little value, if not utilized by engineers who are involved in developing technical solutions for real-world challenges. Engineers stand to benefit from seizing this opportunity and by incorporating climate data in engineering designs, solutions, and practices. This benefit is precisely the key driving force for founding the Research Training Group (RTG) on Climate-informed Engineering (CIE) as an emerging interdisciplinary field of research integrating state-of-the-art climate information with engineering education. A structured training strategy is designed in the RTG featuring a broad range of educational activities to facilitate training and promote early-career researchers who will contribute to developing the next generation of engineering solutions that are adaptive to climate. In doing so, we will integrate a new generation of climate models in our training through the active involvement of the Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), an internationally renowned organization at the forefront of global efforts on climate models. Furthermore, the RTG offers a joint PhD program between TUHH and the United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH). Hence, the PhD candidates will benefit from the interactions with renowned experts at UNU and the UN on a variety of topics related to United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, which is at the heart of our RTG. The RTG will utilize engineering science and innovative approaches to develop new materials, processes, and predictive capabilities to help people, businesses, and ecosystem in the face of climate change. The RTG will include three main Research Areas, namely CIE for Built Environment, CIE for Process Engineering and CIE for Sustainable Resource Management and Environment. Ten projects are designed in the first funding phase, covering a wide range of topics, spanning from influence of climate on renewable resources and food engineering to developing novel materials for latent heat storage. The projects will couple indoor and outdoor climates based on Internet-of-Things technologies and will develop predictive capabilities for water and food security. All the principal investigators and PhD candidates share the common goal of employing new-generation climate information to devise strategies for mitigating climate change. This interdisciplinary RTG is the first of its kind, ultimately enabling engineers to build infrastructure and to develop new materials and processes that are informed by the climate data, which will be an increasingly important dimension of engineering education in the 21st century.
The effective mesh density (seff) is a measure of the degree to which movement between different parts of the landscape is interrupted by a Fragmentation Geometry (FG). FGs are defined as the presence of impervious surfaces and traffic infrastructure, including medium sized roads. The more FGs fragment the landscape, the higher the effective mesh density hence the higher the fragmentation.
The new urban sprawl metric, named "Weighted Urban Proliferation“ (WUP) is based on the following definition of urban sprawl: the more area is built over in a given landscape (amount of built-up area) and the more dispersed this built-up area is in the landscape (spatial configuration), and the higher the uptake of built-up area per inhabitant or job (lower utilisation intensity in the built-up area), the higher the degree of urban sprawl. Weighted Urban Proliferation (WUP) metric has three components: the percentage of built-up areas (PBA), the dispersion of the built-up areas (DIS), and land uptake per person (LUP).
This dataset is the new version of the Effective Mesh Density (seff) 2016 dataset with improved input data, for the year 2009. This new dataset uses the Copernicus Imperviousness and the TomTom TeleAtlas datasets as fragmenting geometries. The Effective Mesh Density (seff) is a measure of the degree to which movement between different parts of the landscape is interrupted by a Fragmentation Geometry (FG). FGs are defined as the presence of impervious surfaces and traffic infrastructure, including medium sized roads. The more FGs fragment the landscape, the higher the effective mesh density hence the higher the fragmentation. The geographic coverage of the dataset is EEA39 except these countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cyprus, Iceland, Kosovo (UNSCR 1244/99), Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Türkiye. An important consequence of landscape fragmentation is the increased isolation of ecosystem patches that breaks the structural connections and decreases resilience and ability of habitats to provide various ecosystem services. Fragmentation also influences human communities, agriculture, recreation and overall quality of life. Monitoring how fragmentation decreases landscape quality and changes the visual perception of landscapes provides information for policy measures that aim at improving ecosystem condition and restoration as well as maintaining the attractiveness of landscapes for recreational activities.
Aus 1117 analogen Luftbildern wurden in einem aufwendigen Prozess digitale Orthophotos mit einer Bodenauflösung von 20 cm berechnet. Die digitalen Orthophotos sind maßstabstreu und können direkt mit Karten gleichen Maßstabs verglichen oder mit Fachdaten digital zusammengeführt und überlagert werden. Bereits seit den 50er Jahren wurden regelmäßig analoge Luftbildbefliegungen für das Stadtgebiet der Landeshauptstadt Hannover durchgeführt. In einem aufwendigen Prozess wurden diese historischen Luftbildnegative bearbeitet. Die digitalen Orthophotos sind maßstabstreu und können direkt mit Karten gleichen Maßstabes verglichen oder mit Fachdaten digital zusammengeführt und überlagert werden. Aufgrund des Alters und unterschiedlicher Herstellungsprozesse kann es im Vergleich zu den aktuellen Luftbilddaten zu geringen Lageversätzen kommen.
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