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Urbanization affects ecological communities but urban ecology has mostly focused on large and charismatic species. Water-filled tree holes and other ephemeral small standing waters in cities constitute unique but inconspicuous breeding habitats for a range of insects. Their biodiversity is not well known and how their communities respond to increased urbanization in particular, has rarely been studied. Using a Citizen Science Project, we investigated how urbanization (measured as imperviousness, human population density and altered temperature), additional environmental parameters (pH, electric conductivity) and detritus serving as a food source affected larval insect communities in artificial aquatic microhabitats. We found that these habitats were colonized quickly by a range of insect taxa. Their community abundance, richness and decomposition rates were largely stable across different levels of urbanization. Fine detritus content increased larval abundance. Community composition shifted strongly with urbanization. The most abundant and frequent species in our study, the exotic mosquito species Aedes japonicus, responded negatively to imperviousness. Aquatic microhabitats could be shown to be important habitats for aquatic insects in cities. However, their community composition may change with increased urbanization. As our results showed, exotic species such as mosquitoes may dominate the communities in these habitats. In the case of vector species, high abundances may affect human and animal health via increased pathogen transmission. Therefore, we suggest raising awareness about potential risks of these habitats and possible measures preventing the establishment and spread of harmful species, while still supporting native biodiversity in urban spaces.
Various species of pest insects cause substantial damage to agriculture every year, or transmit deadly diseases to animals and humans. A successful strategy to control pest insect populations is based on the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), which uses the release of mass-reared, radiation sterilized male insects to cause infertile matings and thus reduce the pest population level. However, irradiation is not applicable to every insect species. Thus, new strategies based on genetic modifications of pest insects have been developed or are currently under investigation.The goal of the proposed research is to improve the development and ecological safety of genetically engineered (GE) insects created for enhanced biological control programs, including the SIT and new strategies based on conditional lethality. A major concern for GE insect release programs is transgene stability, and maintenance of their consistent expression. Transgene loss or intra-genomic movement could result in loss of strain attributes, and may ultimately lead to interspecies movement resulting in ecological risks. To address potential transgene instability, a new transposon vector that allows post-integration immobilization will be tested in the Mediterranean, Mexican and Oriental fruit fly tephritid pest species. In addition, the system will be established in the mosquito species Aedes and Anopheles - carriers of dengue and malaria.Random genomic insertion is also problematic for GE strain development due to genomic position effects that suppress transgene expression, and insertional mutations that negatively affect host fitness and viability. Diminished transgene expression could result in the unintended survival of conditional lethal individuals, or the inability to identify them. To target transgene vectors to defined genomic insertion sites having minimal negative effects on gene expression and host fitness, a recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) strategy will be developed that. RMCE will also allow for stabilization of the target site, will be tested in tephritid and mosquito species, and will aid to the development of stabilized target-site strains for conditional lethal biocontrol. This will include a molecular and organismal evaluation of an RNAi-based lethality approach. Lethality based on an RNAi mechanism in the proposed insects would increase the species specificity and having multiple targets for lethality versus one target in existing systems. By seeking to improve transgene expressivity and stabilization of transposon-based vector systems, this proposal specifically addresses issues related to new GE insects by reducing their unintended spread after field release, and by limiting the possibilities for transgene introgression.
Der Darstellungsdienst zeigt die Geltungsbereiche der rechtskräftigen Bebauungspläne sowie Satzungen gemäß §§ 34 u. 35 BauGB der Geimeinde Mücke (Vogelsbergkreis) inklusive der Verknüpfung auf Pläne und Dokumente. Dies ist ein Web Map Service der Gemeinde Mücke.
This metadata refer to the dataset presenting the annual change in the basic reproduction number (R0) for chikungunya transmission in the period 1951-2021. The basic reproduction number of chikungunya from Aedes mosquitos is calculated using a model to capture the influence of temperature and rainfall on mosquito vectorial capacity and mosquito abundance, and overlaying it with human population density data to estimate the R0 (i.e., the expected number of secondary infections resulting from one infected person).
Die Messstelle Br. oh Emdg. Sulzach (Messstellen-Nr: 2617) befindet sich im Gewässer Wörnitz in Bayern. Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des biologischen Zustands, des chemischen Zustands, des Grundwasserstands in tieferen Grundwasserstockwerken.
Die Messstelle Wbr. Drahthammer (Messstellen-Nr: 5669) befindet sich im Gewässer Grünbach in Bayern. Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des biologischen Zustands, des chemischen Zustands.
Die Messstelle Wegbr. oh Mdg. (Messstellen-Nr: 17753) befindet sich im Gewässer Zenn in Bayern. Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des biologischen Zustands, des chemischen Zustands.
Die Messstelle Wegbr. oh Mdg. (Messstellen-Nr: 17781) befindet sich im Gewässer Gründlach in Bayern. Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des biologischen Zustands, des chemischen Zustands.
Die Messstelle Pegel Roth oh Mdg. (Messstellen-Nr: 16631) befindet sich im Gewässer Roth in Bayern. Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des biologischen Zustands, des chemischen Zustands.
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