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CNS and isotopes of sediment core SAC05 from Sacrower See, NE Germany

Biogenic silica of sediment core SAC05 from Sacrower See, NE Germany

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and magnetic susceptibility measurements of sediment core SAC05 from Sacrower See, NE Germany

Physical and chemical parameters of sediment core SAC05 from Sacrower See (NE Germany) provide a robust reconstruction of climate change and human impact since 13,000 cal. BP

The 11.8 m-long composite sediment record from the hardwater lake of Sacrower See, located near the city of Potsdam (north-eastern Germany), has been characterised by a range of analytical techniques. These include magnetic susceptibility, chemical parameters (XRF core scanning, CNS analysis, biogenic silica) and stable isotopes (13C, 15N). The chronology covers the entire Holocene and the concluding Lateglacial (Alleröd, Younger Dryas) and is based on age-depth modelling using radiocarbon dates refined by the onset of the local varve chronology in 1870 CE (Lüder et al., 2006) and by the Laacher See Tephra, an isochrone dated to 13,000 cal. BP. It offers a detailed environmental reconstruction providing insights into depositional processes influenced by both natural climatic variations and human activities (Enters et al., 2009; Kirilova et al., 2009). The Lateglacial and Early Holocene are distinguished by the stabilisation of natural landscapes characterised by the presence of pine-birch (Alleröd) and mixed oak forests (Early Holocene). This development was interrupted by the climatic deterioration of the Younger Dryas, which resulted in a destabilisation of vegetation and increased natural soil erosion. It is evident that, for the first time around 5500 cal. BP, anthropogenic forest clearing became a factor, which subsequently led to increasing cultural soil erosion further accelerating during the Bronze Age (3600-3200 cal. BP), the Early Iron Age (2800-2600 cal. BP) and the Middle Ages (900-600 cal. BP). In the course of industrialisation since the 19th century, human impact underwent a transition from the destabilisation of soils to the phenomenon of eutrophication. This transition resulted in the occurrence of hypolimnetic anoxia, accompanied by the formation of carbonaceous varves.

Data from a multi-proxy comparison from the Little Belt (IODP Expedition 347, Site M0059: palynomorph, diatom, geochemical data)

The data published here were gathered in the framework of a multi-proxy-based study of paleotemperature (both marine and terrestrial), -salinity, and -ecosystem changes from the Little Belt (Site M0059). They cover the past ~8,000 years and contain only material from the uppermost subunits 1a and 1b encountered at Site M0059 (see e.g. Andrén et al. 2015). Four environmental zones (EZ1: oldest, freshwater conditions; EZ2 to EZ4 reflecting following salinity and ecosystem changes in the region) were identified in Kotthoff et al. (2017). The age model and the sedimentology are discussed in Kotthoff et al. (2017). The datasets comprise data for salinity proxies (diatoms, aquatic palynomorphs, diol index) and for water temperature proxies (foraminiferal Mg/Ca-ratios, long chain diol index and TEXL86) as well as temperature reconstruction based on pollen grains. It is discussed in Kotthoff et al. (2017) that applying and interpreting proxies in coastal environments and marginal seas needs particular caution. For example, foraminiferal Mg/Ca-ratios may have been influenced by contamination by authigenic coatings in the deeper intervals of the record. Lipid paleothermometers were probably influenced by significant changes in depositional settings in the Little Belt. References: Andrén, T., Jørgensen, B.B., Cotterill, C., and the Expedition 347 Scientists: Baltic Sea Paleoenvironment. Proceedings IODP, 347. College Station, TX (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program), https://doi.org/10.2204/iodp.proc.347.101.2015, 2015. Kotthoff, U., Groeneveld, J., Ash, J. L., Fanget, A.-S., Krupinski, N. Q., Peyron, O., Stepanova, A., Warnock, J., Van Helmond, N. A. G. M., Passey, B. H., Clausen, O. R., Bennike, O., Andrén, E., Granoszewski, W., Andrén, T., Filipsson, H. L., Seidenkrantz, M.-S., Slomp, C. P., and Bauersachs, T.: Reconstructing Holocene temperature and salinity variations in the western Baltic Sea region: a multi-proxy comparison from the Little Belt (IODP Expedition 347, Site M0059), Biogeosciences, 14, 5607–5632, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5607-2017, 2017.

Oxygen micro profiles of multi-corer sediment core HE595_6-1

This dataset includes onboard measurements of 100 μm vertical resolution oxygen micro-profiles from multi-corer cores retrieved during RV Heincke expeditions HE595 in 2022. Three to five measurements for each core were performed using micro-optodes with a tip diameter of 50 µm (OXR50, High Speed, Pyroscience). The samples were collected in the framework of the Project APOC (Anthropogenic impacts on particulate organic carbon cycling in the North Sea).

Oxygen micro profiles of multi-corer sediment core HE595_1-3

This dataset includes onboard measurements of 100 μm vertical resolution oxygen micro-profiles from multi-corer cores retrieved during RV Heincke expeditions HE595 in 2022. Three to five measurements for each core were performed using micro-optodes with a tip diameter of 50 µm (OXR50, High Speed, Pyroscience). The samples were collected in the framework of the Project APOC (Anthropogenic impacts on particulate organic carbon cycling in the North Sea).

Oxygen micro profiles of multi-corer sediment core HE595_67-5

This dataset includes onboard measurements of 100 μm vertical resolution oxygen micro-profiles from multi-corer cores retrieved during RV Heincke expeditions HE595 in 2022. Three to five measurements for each core were performed using micro-optodes with a tip diameter of 50 µm (OXR50, High Speed, Pyroscience). The samples were collected in the framework of the Project APOC (Anthropogenic impacts on particulate organic carbon cycling in the North Sea).

Oxygen micro profiles of multi-corer sediment core HE595_69-2

This dataset includes onboard measurements of 100 μm vertical resolution oxygen micro-profiles from multi-corer cores retrieved during RV Heincke expeditions HE595 in 2022. Three to five measurements for each core were performed using micro-optodes with a tip diameter of 50 µm (OXR50, High Speed, Pyroscience). The samples were collected in the framework of the Project APOC (Anthropogenic impacts on particulate organic carbon cycling in the North Sea).

Oxygen micro profiles of multi-corer sediment core HE595_45-1

This dataset includes onboard measurements of 100 μm vertical resolution oxygen micro-profiles from multi-corer cores retrieved during RV Heincke expeditions HE595 in 2022. Three to five measurements for each core were performed using micro-optodes with a tip diameter of 50 µm (OXR50, High Speed, Pyroscience). The samples were collected in the framework of the Project APOC (Anthropogenic impacts on particulate organic carbon cycling in the North Sea).

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