Der Betrieb von permanenten Beobachtungsstationen der Satelliten des Global Positioning System (GPS) ist in den unterschiedlichsten Anwendungsbereichen (Landesvermessung, Geodynamik, Navigation) unverzichtbar. Ziel des Vorhabens ist es, Verfahren fuer die Gestaltung und den Betrieb von multifunktionalen GPS-Permanentstationen zu entwickeln.
In diesem Arbeitsschwerpunkt sollen globale und regionale Auswirkungen geodynamischer Prozesse, die mit geodaetischen Methoden erfassbar sind, dargestellt und analysiert werden. Dies beinhaltet die Variationen der Erdrotation, gezeitenbedingte Deformationen, globale Plattenbewegungen und regionale Krustendeformationen. Aus geodaetischer Sicht gehoert dazu vor allem die Ableitung zeitabhaengiger Punktkoordinaten aus Laser-Entfernungsmessungen zum Satelliten LAGEOS sowie aus Radiofrequenzmessungen im Global Positioning System (GPS).
IGETS is the International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). The main objective of IGETS is to monitor temporal variations of the Earth gravity field through long‐term records from ground gravimeters, tiltmeters, strainmeters and other geodynamic sensors. IGETS continues the activities of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP) to provide support to geodetic and geophysical research activities using superconducting gravimeter (SG) data within the context of an international network. Furthermore, IGETS continues the activities of the International Center for Earth Tides (ICET), in particular, in collecting, archiving and distributing Earth tide records from long series of gravimeters, tiltmeters, strainmeters and other geodynamic sensors. GFZ is the main Data Center and operates the IGETS data base of worldwide high precision SG records. EOST (Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre, Strasbourg, France) is the secondary Data Center, The University of French Polynesia (Tahiti) and EOST (Strasbourg, France) are the two current Analysis Centers.
The International Geodynamics and Earth Tides Service (IGETS) was established in 2015 by the International Association of Geodesy IAG. IGETS continues the activities of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP) between 1997 and 2015 to provide support to geodetic and geophysical research activities using superconducting gravimeter (SG) data within the context of an international network. As part of this network, the Eifel Gravimetric Observatory Germany (EIGOG) was established by the GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences in August 2025. Continuous time-varying gravity and atmospheric pressure data from the SG at EIGOG are integrated in the IGETS data base hosted by GFZ. The EIGOG observatory is located at the Buchholz Provostry (Propstei Buchholz) in the municipality of Burgbrohl. It is part of a multiparameter station for the monitoring and analysis of seismic and volcanic signals within the Central European Volcanic Province Observatory (CVO) in the Eifel region. Additional sensors at Buchholz are GNSS, InSAR corner reflector, seismometer, tiltmeter, groundwater level and a weather station. The operation and maintenance of the EIGOG instrumentation is done by staff of the GFZ. EIGOG is a high precision gravimetric observatory with the dual-sphere OSG D037 manufactured by GWR Instruments as core instrument, one of the two SGs operating at Sutherland, South Africa, until December 2024 (Förste et al., 2016, http://doi.org/10.5880/igets.su.l1.001). The time series of gravity and barometric pressure from the OSG D037 starts in August 2025. The SG is active and the time series is kept up to date regularly with a time delay of a few months. The time sampling of the raw gravity and barometric pressure data of IGETS Level 1 is 1 second and 1 minute. For a detailed description of the IGETS data base and the provided files see Voigt et al. (2016, http://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-16087).
The International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) was established in 2015 by the International Association of Geodesy IAG. IGETS continues the activities of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP) between 1997 and 2015 to provide support to geodetic and geophysical research activities using superconducting gravimeter (SG) data within the context of an international network. The Conrad Observatory (CO) is located at Trafelberg, Lower Austria, about 50 km south-west of Vienna at an elevation of about 1050m. Three different geological formations are found in the vicinity of the CO: the Gutenstein Formation, Reifling Formation, and Wetterstein Limestone. The observatory is part of a large underground installation covering the full geophysical monitoring program including seismology, gravity, meteorology and geomagnetism. It includes two main facilities: (1) The seismo-gravimetric observatory (SGO), which was opened in 2002, and (2) the geomagnetic observatory (GMO), officially opened in 2014. Temporal variation of gravity is monitored at CO since autumn 2007 by the Superconducting Gravimeter GWR C025 (until November 2018) and, after a longer interruption, by GWR iGrav 050. The time series of gravity and barometric pressure from the iGrav SG 050 starts in April 2024. The time sampling of the raw gravity and barometric pressure data of IGETS Level 1 is 1 second and 1 minute. For a detailed description of the IGETS data base and the provided files see Voigt et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-16087).
The International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) was established in 2015 by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). IGETS continues the activities of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP, 1997-2015) to provide support to geodetic and geophysical research activities using superconducting gravimeter (SG) data within the context of an international network. The Geodetic Observatory Pecný (GOPE) is located in the Czech Republic, about 40 km south-east of Prague, in the Central Bohemian hilly land at the elevation of about 500 m. It is surrounded by a mixed wood. Except for one local road the next nearest local road is about 1 km apart, the nearest railway is 5.2 km, the nearest village 1 km (Ondřejov). The bigger river (Sázava) flows through the valley at a distance of 5 km from the observatory at the height of about 300 m. No construction or other technological works (mines, industrial plants etc.) run either in the close surroundings or at longer distance. The hill Pecný is in the old metamorphic paleozoic synclinal zone of the Čerčany Chlum neighbouring with the Central Bohemian granitic massif and the perm massif of Černý Kostelec. From the geological point of view, GOPE was established in very stable region. GOPE is operated by the Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography (RIGTC) and was established in 1957. GOPE has been involved in tidal observations with spring gravimeters since the early seventies of the last century, cooperation with the International Center for Earth Tides (ICET) has been dated since 1990. GOPE belongs to the core stations of ECGN - European Combined Geodetic Network, established by the EUREF IAG Subcommission. Since February 2007, the observatory type of one sphere superconducting gravimeter OSG-050 was running in the old gravimetric laboratory (OGL) of GOPE located in the cellar of the main building of GOPE (Latitude: 49.9137 N, Longitude: 14.7856 E, Elevation: 534.58 m), about 1.8 m under the ground of the surrounding relief. Almost uninterrupted 10-year time series of gravity record with OSG-050 has been carried out till October 2017, when the OSG-050 has been moved to the new gravimetric laboratory (NGL) situated in the top of the hill Pecný, less than 100 m from OGL. NGL (Latitude: 49.9141 N, Longitude: 14.7868 E, Elevation: 545.10 m) provides 3 concrete pillars in the ground level, which are founded to the bedrock (4 m below the ground). Two pillars are used for repeated observations with absolute gravimeters (AG) and in the third pillar, located in a separate room, the OSG-050 is running continuously. All rooms are thermally stabilized by air-conditioning systems. Due to the excellent stability of the station and the facilities to inter-compare different AGs, the GOPE was developed as a regional comparison site which serves as a reference for the Czech Gravimetric Network. Since 2001, repeated absolute measurements with interval of one month have been carried out in OGL and later in NGL to achieve continuous drift-free gravity time series by combination of absolute and superconducting data. At the area of the station, meteorological (precipitation, air temperature, humidity, air pressure) and hydrological (ground water and soil moisture) parameters are measured by different sensors. These data are available through auxiliary data in the IGETS database. Raw gravity and local atmospheric pressure records sampled at second and the same records decimated at 1‐minute samples are provided as Level 1 products of the IGETS network.
The International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) was established in 2015 by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). IGETS continues the activities of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP, 1997-2015) to provide support to geodetic and geophysical research activities using superconducting gravimeter (SG) data within the context of an international network. The SG site “Serrahn” is located in the TERENO Observatory in the nort-eastern German lowlands. The observatory contributes to investigating the regional impact of climate and land use change. At the IGETS site Serrahn, the mean annual temperature is 8.8 °C and mean annual precipitation is 591 mm. The land cover is mainly characterized as a mixed forest, dominated by European beech and Scots pine. Influenced by the last glaciation in an outwash close to the terminal morraine, the uppermost soil layer of the site consists of aeolian sands up to a depth of 450 cm, followed by coarser sandy material with intercalated till layers. The unconfined groundwater level is at about 14 m below surface. There is hardly any human activity (e.g., traffic) at this quiet forest site. The nearest town is Neustrelitz at a distance of 5 km. Since December 2017, the superconducting gravimeter iGrav-033 is operated outdoors at this forest location (Latitude: 53.3392 N, Longitude: 13.17413 E, Elevation: 79.60 m). The gravimeter is installed in a dedicated field enclosure on top of a concrete pillar with an area of 1.1 m x 1.1 m at an elevation of 0.80 m above the terrain surface. The pillar has been build to a depth of 2.00 m below the surface. One additional pillar (also 1.1 m x 1.1 m, at surface level) is located right next to the iGrav installation and is used for repeated observations with absolute gravimeters (AG). At the site, meteorological (precipitation, air temperature, humidity, air pressure) and hydrological (groundwater, soil moisture, sapflow, throughfall) parameters are monitored by different sensors. Raw gravity and local atmospheric pressure records sampled at second intervals and the same records decimated at 1‐minute samples are provided as Level 1 products to the IGETS network.
Tables that include information and calculations associated with water samples collected from rivers in Central Italy. The goal of the project was to determine the carbon budget for the Central Apennine Mountains of Italy, by accounting for weathering reactions that are responsible for either CO2 drawdown or release into the atmosphere. The carbon budget was created by: 1) analysing samples from different water bodies and sources in the Central Apennines (rivers, lakes, and groundwater) for ion and isotope signatures, and 2) by incorporating the ion and isotope signatures from the waters into an inversion model that partitions these signatures into different sources (e.g. minerals, vegetation, atmospheric sources) around the landscape. All data associated with this publication are provided in a single excel spreadsheet that contains a separate tab for each of the 18 Tables. The supplementary data include: 1) Information on the locations of the water samples and associated water bodies, described in the “Sampling Methods” section, 2) ion and isotope measurements from the water samples, described in the “Analytical Procedure” section, 3) the setup and output from the inversion model, and 4) the CO2 calculations that form the basis for the carbon budget, described in the “Data Processing” section. Water samples were collected over two seasons, in winter and summer; data in the tables are divided by sampling season, where indicated in the content description. For a full description of the sampling strategy, data, and methods, please refer to: Erlanger et al. (2024) “Deep CO2 release and the carbon budget of the central Apennines modulated by geodynamics” Nature Geoscience.
The International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) was established in 2015 by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). IGETS continues the activities of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP, 1997-2015) to provide support to geodetic and geophysical research activities using superconducting gravimeter (SG) data within the context of an international network. Raw gravity and local atmospheric pressure records sampled at second and the same records decimated at 1‐minute samples are provided as Level 1 products of the IGETS network for the Pecný station (https://doi.org/10.5880/igets.pe.l1.001). The corrected 1-minute samples have been prepared by operators of the station, from raw decimated 1-minute samples, by following steps: 1) The 1-minute samples have been used to compute residual gravity signal by using the SG calibration factor and applying corrections from tides, atmosphere and polar motion. 2) These data have been associated with auxiliary data from the SG (Dewar Pressure, Tx/Ty balance, Neck temperature etc.) and information from LOG files. 3) Gaps have been created in the residual gravity signal according to auxiliary data and log files. Moreover, gaps were created also for large disturbances, where the residual signal exceeding 20 nm/s^2. 4) Gaps up to 24 hours were filled by a linear fit. 5) Spikes exceeding 5 nm/s^2 were removed by using TSOFT. 6) Steps were applied only in exceptional cases in accordance with LOG files. 7) The cleaned residual signal was converted to corrected 1-minute samples by using the same corrections and the calibration factor as used in 1). Therefore, the corrected 1-minute signal is again in units as the raw data (Volt). Note, since 31 October 2017, the OSG-050 is running at new site (NGL - new gravimetric laboratory at Pecný) according to https://doi.org/10.5880/igets.pe.l1.001.
In the southern Central Andes (~32°S), subduction of the Nazca oceanic plate beneath the South American continental plate becomes horizontal. The growth of the Altiplano-Puna Plateau is covalently related to the southward migration of the flat subduction, but the role of subduction geometry and the plate strength on current and long-term deformation of the Andes remains poorly explored. This study takes a data-driven approach of integrating the previous structural and thermal model of the lithosphere of the southern central Andes into a 3D geodynamic model to explore the different parameters contributing to the localization of deformation. We simulate visco-plastic deformation using the geodynamic code ASPECT. The repository includes parameter files and input files for the reference model (S1) and the following alternative simulations: a series of models with variation in friction at the subduction interface (S2a-d), a series of models with variation in sedimentary strength (S3a-d), a series that studies the effect of topography (S4), and a series that studies the effect of plate velocities. In addition, a readme file gives all the instructions to run them.
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