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Wadden Sea carbon stock dynamics during thirty years of summer polder restoration

Salt marshes along the Wadden Sea coast are often shaped by anthropogenic alterations to their hydrology and sedimentation. To investigate the effects of hydrological restoration through summer dike openings on soil carbon storage capacities, soil samples were collected from four study sites along the Lower Saxony Wadden Sea coast, Germany. Each site featured restored areas, i.e., former summer polders reconnected to tidal exchange, and reference salt marshes adjacent to the polders. The polders varied in restoration age, i.e., 0 (control, not restored), 8, 14, and 28 years, forming a chronosequence for temporal analysis, while the reference salt marshes remained unchanged. Soil samples were taken along transects that represented different marsh zones, including pioneer, lower salt marsh, and upper salt marsh. The soil samples covered soil layers down to a depth of 100 cm and were collected in five sections of 20 cm using an Edelman corer. Total carbon, organic carbon, and inorganic carbon were analyzed using CN-elementary analysis and calcimeter methods. This dataset provides valuable insights into the potential of hydrological restoration measures to enhance soil carbon sequestration in salt marshes.

Chemical analysis of explosive chemicals in water, sediments, and mussels (Mytilus spp.) from three shipwrecks from World War I and II in the North Sea

This dataset contains the results of chemical analyses of water, sediment, and marine bivalves (Mytilus spp.) for residues of submerged munitions, which were taken during various field excursions to three wrecks from the First and Second World Wars in the North Sea: KW58 (Belgium), SMS Mainz (Germany), and UC30. Water and sediments were collected using CTD rosette water samplers and Van Veen sediment grabs (SMS Mainz), or by divers (KW58 and UC30). The mussels for mussel monitoring were collected near the island of Sylt (Germany) and exposed in cages on the wrecks for several weeks. Samples were frozen immediately on board and transferred to the lab for examination. All samples were analyzed for the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its two primary metabolites, 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene and 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene, using gas chromatography tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS).

ADCP current measurements (1200 kHz) during RV SENCKENBERG cruise SE202208-2

Ocean velocities were collected by a Teledyne RDI 1200 kHz Workhorse Sentinel II ADCP that was mounted on RV SENCKENBERG during RV SENCKENBERG cruise SE202208-2. The transducer was located at 1.5 m below the water line. The instrument was operated in single-ping, broadband mode with bin size of 0.25 m and a blanking distance of 0.25 m. The velocity of the ship was calculated from position fixes obtained by the Global Positioning System (GPS) received at a Trimble SPS461 Modular GPS Heading Receiver. Heading was obtained both from the Trimble receiver and the internal ADCP gyro. Heading as well as pitch and roll data from ADCP's internal gyrocompass and the navigation data were used by the data acquisition software ViSea DAS (AquaVision®) internally to convert ADCP velocities into earth coordinates. Accuracy of the ADCP velocities mainly depends on the quality of the position fixes as well as Trimble receiver and internal ADCP heading data. Further errors stem from a misalignment of the transducer with RV SENCKENBERG's centerline.

Multibeam bathymetry processed data (Kongsberg EM 2040 working area dataset) of RV ALKOR during cruise AL628, east of Little Belt, Baltic Sea

Multibeam bathymetry processed data (EM 2040 multibeam echosounder) of RV ALKOR during cruise AL628 in the Baltic Sea. The raw data (.kmall) were processed using QPS Qimera software (v 2.6), based on the following workflow: 0.Raw data > 1.Apply correct Sound Velocity Profiles -> 2.Create dynamic surface (shallow Mode) -> 3.Apply Spline Filter (Medium/Strong) > 4. Finalize with manual 2D and 3D editing, -> 5.Export in GeoTIFF format and projected in the UTM32N coordinate system (EPSG:32632). The produced rasters are named AL628_EM2040_'working area'_'resolution in cm'. The bathymetry dataset here is gridded at 0.25 m and 0.50 m resolution. The data products were created in the context of the DAM (German Marine Research Alliance), CONMAR research project.

Raw data of physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE672

Raw physical oceanography data was acquired by a ship-based Seabird SBE911plus CTD-Rosette system onboard RV HEINCKE . The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus) and conductivity (SBE4) as well as one sensor for oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer (FLRTD) and an altimeter (Teledyne Benthos PSA-916) were mounted to the CTD. The data was recorded using pre-cruise calibration coefficients. No correction, post-cruise calibration or quality control was applied. Processed profile data are available via the link below.

Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1158: Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas; Bereich Infrastruktur - Antarktisforschung mit vergleichenden Untersuchungen in arktischen Eisgebieten, Algivore Cercozoa prägen die Zusammensetzung der Gemeinschaft von Bodenkrusten, der dominanten Vegetation in Polarregionen

Räuber-Beute-Beziehungen zwischen Bakterien und ihren eukaryotischen Räubern werden seit langem in der terrestrischen Ökologie untersucht, jedoch werden die Interkationen zwischen Mikroeukaryoten oft vernachlässigt. Mikroalgen nehmen eine Schlüsselposition als phototrophe Organismen in den marinen und Süßwasserökosystemen der Antarktis und Arktis ein; die meiste Energie und die meisten Nährstoffe werden durch diese zu höheren trophischen Ebenen kanalisiert. In diesem Kontext fehlen Studien in den terrestrischen Ökosystemen der Antarktis. Die terrestrische Vegetation der Antarktis wird dominiert durch kryptogamen Bewuchs mit einer Vielzahl und hoher Abundanz von Mikroalgen. Bis zu 55% des eisfreien Bodens der antarktischen Halbinsel und bis zu 70% im arktischen Spitzbergen werden von biologischen Bodenkrusten (Biokrusten) bedeckt. Diese Zahlen werden zukünftig auf Grund des Klimawandels und der daraus folgenden Erwärmung der Polarregionen steigen (“Arctic Greening”). Man kann daher annehmen, dass ein großer Anteil der Primärproduktion in den Polarregionen durch Mikroalgen in Biokrusten realisiert wird. Dennoch fehlt die Verbindung zu höheren trophischen Ebenen; insbesondere, wenn man bedenkt, dass in der Antarktis algenfressende Metazoen selten und artenarm sind. Cercozoa sind eine der häufigsten algenkonsumierenden einzelligen Eukaryoten (Protisten) in terrestrischen Systemen; vorläufige Ergebnisse zeigen: algenkonsumierende Cercozoa dominieren die mikrobielle Gemeinschaft in den Biokrusten der Polarregionen. Wir werden zum ersten Mal die Räuber-Beute-Beziehung in Biokrusten zwischen den Algen als Primärproduzenten und den wichtigsten Algenkonsumenten erforschen, um so ein vollständigeres Bild des terrestrischen Nahrungsnetzes in den beiden Polarregionen zu erhalten. Um das zu erreichen, kombinieren wir einen Barcode-basierten Hochdurchsatz-Illumina Ansatz mit klassischen Kulturexperimenten, welche Aufschluss über ökologische Funktionen der einzelnen Organismen liefern. Damit erhalten wir erstmalig ein umfassendes Bild der Räuber-Beute-Beziehung zwischen Mikroalgen und ihren Räubern, den Cercozoa, für das terrestrische Ökosystem in Arktis und Antarktis. Diese Daten werden zur Beantwortung der folgenden Fragen beitragen: Wie wichtig ist das terrestrische Nahrungsnetz in den Polarregionen? Und hat die Klimaerwärmung das Potential diese Interaktionen zu verändern?

Element concentrations from two benthic chambers and the ambient bottom water during an in-situ incubation experiment in July 2025

The dataset contains major and trace element concentrations measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) from water samples collected during a 16-day in-situ incubation experiment in the Baltic Sea (2025-07-12 to 2025-07-29). Samples were collected using an automated glass-syringe sampler deployed within two benthic chambers of a Biogeochemical Observatory (BIGO, Sommer et al., 2009) at 54° 34.432' N, 10° 10.776' E, at 22 m water depth. In one chamber, 29 g of fine calcite powder were added to the bottom water to assess the potential of enhanced benthic calcite weathering as an ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) strategy. Seven samples per chamber and from the ambient bottom water were analyzed to trace elemental changes associated with calcite dissolution.

Nutrient concentrations from two benthic chambers and the ambient bottom water during an in-situ incubation experiment in July 2025

The dataset contains dissolved nutrient concentrations from water samples collected during a 16-day in-situ incubation experiment in the Baltic Sea (2025-07-12 to 2025-07-29). Samples were collected using an automated glass-syringe sampler deployed within two benthic chambers of a Biogeochemical Observatory (BIGO, Sommer et al., 2009) at 54° 34.432' N, 10° 10.776' E, at 22 m water depth. In one chamber, 29 g of fine calcite powder were added to the bottom water as part of an enhanced benthic calcite weathering experiment. Seven samples per chamber and from the ambient bottom water were analyzed to assess potential nutrient fluxes associated with the calcite addition and benthic biogeochemical processes.

Mytilus edulis growth rates from a three-month mesocosm experiment, Sylt, 2022

This dataset contains individual-level measurements of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis collected during a controlled mesocosm experiment at Sylt, Germany. Data were collected over a three-month period from 2 April 2022 to 27 June 2022. The experiment comprised twelve mesocosms, with four maintained at ambient temperature, four maintained at +1.5°C above ambient, and four at +3 °C above ambient. Observations include shell length, shell-length growth rates, and multiple biomass fractions, including total wet weight, wet tissue mass weight, shell-free dry weight, and ash-free dry weight, from which weight-based growth rates were calculated. All measurements were obtained using standard, traceable laboratory and field instruments. The dataset documents individual-level growth responses of M. edulis under controlled warming conditions and provides a reproducible resource for studies on physiological responses of coastal bivalves to temperature changes.

Alkalinity concentrations from two benthic chambers and the ambient bottom water during an in-situ incubation experiment in July 2025

The dataset contains total alkalinity measurements from water samples collected during a 16-day in-situ incubation experiment in the Baltic Sea (2025-07-12 to 2025-07-29). Samples were collected using an automated glass-syringe sampler deployed within two benthic chambers of a Biogeochemical Observatory (BIGO, Sommer et al., 2009) at 54° 34.432' N, 10° 10.776' E, at 22 m water depth. In one chamber, 29 g of fine calcite powder were added to the bottom water. Seven samples per chamber and from the ambient bottom water were taken to monitor alkalinity changes resulting from calcite dissolution, providing a direct measure of the ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE)

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