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Immissions- und Strahlenschutz (GB 2)

• Überwachung der Radioaktivität in der Umwelt nach dem Strahlenschutzvorsorgegesetz für den Freistaat Sachsen • Überwachung der anlagenbezogenen Radioaktivität nach dem Atomgesetz am Forschungsstandort Rossendorf • Überwachung von Lebensmitteln (u. a. Amtshilfe für die Landesuntersuchungsanstalt für das Gesundheits- und Veterinärwesen Sachsen) • Betrieb der Radonberatungsstelle • Überwachung der anlagenbezogenen Radioaktivität nach der Verordnung zur Gewährleistung von Atomsicherheit und Strahlenschutz an den Standorten der Wismut GmbH • Überwachung der anlagenbezogenen Radioaktivität an den Altstandorten des Uranerzbergbaus • Aufsichtliche Messungen nach der Strahlenschutzverordnung inkl. Sicherheitstechnisch bedeutsame Ereignisse und Nukleare Nachsorge • Der Geschäftsbereich ist akkreditiert nach ISO 17025 für alle relevanten Prüfverfahren im Bereich Immission und Emission. Fachbereich 20 - Zentrale Aufgaben • Probenentnahmen und Feldmessungen (ohne Messungen und Probenentnahmen im Rahmen der Radonberatung) u. a. Probenentnahmen aus Fließgewässern, Messung der nuklidspezifischen Gammaortsdosisleistung • Organisation und Logistik für die von externen Probenehmern gewonnenen und dem Geschäftsbereich 2 zu übergebenden Proben. Betrieb der Landesdatenzentrale und der Datenbank zur Umweltradioaktivität im Freistaat Sachsen • Unterstützung der beiden Landesmessstellen bei der Einführung und Pflege radiochemischer Verfahren Fachbereiche 21, 22 - Erste und Zweite Landesmessstelle für Umweltradioaktivität Laboranalysen • nach dem Strahlenschutzvorsorgegesetz • zur Überwachung der Wismut-Standorte • zur Überwachung des Forschungsstandort Rossendorf • zur Überwachung der Altstandorte des Uranbergbaus • zur Lebensmittelüberwachung • zu den aufsichtlichen Kontrolltätigkeiten des Sächsischen Landesamtes für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie und des Sächsischen Staatsministeriums für Umwelt und Landwirtschaft u. a. in den Medien Wasser, Boden, Luft, Nahrungs- und Futtermittel. Analysierte Parameter: u. a. gamma- und alphastrahlende Radionuklide (z. B. Cäsium-137, Cobalt-60, Kalium-40, Uran-238); Strontium-90; Radium-226 und Radium-228). Fachbereich 23 - Immissionsmessungen Kontinuierliche Überwachung der Luftqualität durch Betrieb des stationären Luftmessnetzes des Freistaates (Online-Betrieb von 30 stationären Messstationen mit Übergabe der Messdaten ins Internet): • Laufende Messung der Luftgüteparameter SO2, NOx, Ozon, Benzol, Toluol, Xylole, Schwebstaub, Ruß • Gewinnung meteorologischer Daten zur Einschätzung der Luftgüteparameter • Sammlung von Schwebstaub (PM 10- und PM 2,5-Fraktionen) und Sedimentationsstaub zur analytischen Bestimmung von Schwermetallen, polyzyklischen Kohlenwasserstoffen (PAK) und Ruß • Absicherung der Messdatenverarbeitung und Kommunikation • Betreiben einer Messnetzzentrale, Plausibilitätskontrolle der Daten und deren Übergabe an das Landesamt für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie und an die Öffentlichkeit • Absicherung und Überwachung der vorgegebenen Qualitätsstandards bei den Messungen durch den Betrieb eines Referenz- und Kalibrierlabors • Sicherung der Verfügbarkeit aller Messdaten zu > 95% • Weiterentwicklung des Luftmessnetzes entsprechend den gesetzlichen Anforderungen • Betreuung eines Depositionsmessnetzes (Niederschlag) mit zehn Messstellen • Betrieb von drei verkehrsnahen Sondermessstellen an hoch belasteten Straßen • Durchführung von Sondermessungen mit Immissionsmesswagen und mobilen Containern • Betrieb von Partikelmesssystemen im Submikronbereich (Zählung ultrafeiner Partikel) in Dresden • Betrieb von Verkehrszähleinrichtungen und Übernahmen dieser Verkehrszähldaten sowie von Pegelmessstellen der Städte in den Datenbestand des Luftmessnetzes Fachbereich 24 - Emissionsmessungen, Referenz- und Kalibrierlabor Der Fachbereich befasst sich mit der Durchführung von Emissionsmessungen an ausgewählten Anlagen aus besonderem Anlass im Auftrag des LfULG. Beispiele: • Emissionsmessungen an Blockheizkraftwerken in der Landwirtschaft (Geruch, Stickoxide, Gesamtkohlenstoff und Formaldehyd). • Ermittlung der Stickstoff-Deposition aus Tierhaltungsanlagen für Geflügel und Rinder (Emissionsmessungen von Ammoniak, Lachgas, Methan, Wasser, Kohlendioxid, Feuchte, Temperatur und Luftströmung , Ammoniak-Immissionsmessung mit DOAS-Trassenmesssystem). • Untersuchung von Emissionen aus holzgefeuerten Kleinfeuerungsanlagen zur Abschätzung von Auswirkungen der novellierten 1. BImSchV. • Unterstützung des LfULG bei der Überwachung bekannt gegebener Messstellen nach § 26 BImSchG.

Distribution and concentration of nutrients, carbon compounds and methane in water samples in the southern German Bight (North Sea) in February 2025 , during MOSES Sternfahrt 13

Previous Sternfahrten were mainly conducted in spring and summer. To cover the seasonal aspects more thoroughly, including a winter situation, Sternfahrt 13 was conducted in February 2025 (10–12 February). We used the RV Heincke (cruise HE653/2) instead of the RV Uthörn. The Heincke's draught is greater, so we could not reach all of our previous stations. Surface and bottom water samples were taken with a rosette; in the event of stratification in the water column, an additional sample was taken from the middle.

Water chemistry of Lagrangian samplings of Inland Elbe 2024 (MOSES Hydrological Extremes)

Within the framework of MOSES (Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems) and ElbeXtreme, we performed three longitudinal sampling campaigns in the Elbe catchment in 2024. The campaigns covered the German freshwater part, the tidal Elbe river, and the German Bight. Here we present the results of the freshwater river where the sampling was conducted in a Langrangian way according to flow velocity. Physico-chemical and biological parameters were measured along the Elbe from bridges between Bad Schandau (km 12, Czech-German border) and Lauenburg (km 570, close to Hamburg). A particular scientific focus was on (1) nutrients and eutrophication, (2) composition of dissolved organic matter measured by high-resolution mass spectrometry, (3) greenhouse gas measurements, and (4) micropollutants. This was done during a winter flood event in January, a summer drought in July, and a second smaller flood in September 2024.

Soil chemistry and soil bulk density data from restored grasslands and reference sites in Germany

This dataset provides information on soil chemistry and soil bulk density as part of the Grassworks project, which investigates the restoration of species-rich grasslands in Germany. Grasslands are globally threatened ecosystems, and the project aims to identify factors that contribute to successful restoration, focusing on ecological complexity and stakeholder engagement. Data was collected from 187 grassland sites across three regions in Northern, Central, and Southern Germany, each with distinct socio-economic and ecological characteristics. Sampling occurred between 2022 and 2023 and included 40–41 restored grassland sites and 20–25 reference sites (10–12 positive, 10–13 negative) per region. At each site in March or early April at each vegetation plot per subtransect, we took soil samples (pooled from six soil cores, 20 mm diameter) that were further pooled into one sample per site (24 in total) and analyzed for total soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen content, pH, and soil texture. Additionally, soil bulk density was measured at vegetation plots per site, to enable future assessment of carbon sequestration over time. Soil and bulk density samples were taken at two depths: 0–10 and 10–30 cm.

Geochemistry of sediments from Fehmarn Belt area, southern Baltic Sea during cruise EMB238

The geochemical composition of surface sediments and pore waters from the Fehmarn Belt area, southern Baltic Sea, was analyzed in the context of the establishment of exclusion areas for bottom trawling activity. Samples were taken on cruise EMB238 in May/June 2020 using a multi corer or benthic lander device. Besides on-site measurements, further dissolved major and trace elements, dissolved inorganic carbon, nutrients were analyzed in home laboratory. Results are complemented by the analysis of potential microbial gross sulfate reduction rates and the geochemical composition of CNS and extractable sulfur (AVS, CrS(II), and acid-extractable Fe, Zn, Pb, Fe, Mn contents.

Geochemistry of pore waters from Fehmarn Belt area, southern Baltic Sea during cruise EMB238

The geochemical composition of surface sediments and pore waters from the Fehmarn Belt area, southern Baltic Sea, was analyzed in the context of the establishment of exclusion areas for bottom trawling activity. Samples were taken on cruise EMB238 in May/June 2020 using a multi corer or benthic lander device. Besides on-site measurements, further dissolved major and trace elements, dissolved inorganic carbon, nutrients were analyzed in home laboratory. Results are complemented by the analysis of potential microbial gross sulfate reduction rates and the geochemical composition of CNS and extractable sulfur (AVS, CrS(II), and acid-extractable Fe, Zn, Pb, Fe, Mn contents.

Vegetation surveys on dike grasslands between Straubing and Vilshofen at the river Danube - Sites

We surveyed dike grasslands of the river Danube between 2017 and 2021 with 41 plots (25 m²) at 12 sites. The dike grasslands had an age of 4-19 years. The dikes were raised and restored. The target vegetation types were calcareous grasslands (R1A; EUNIS habitat type) and lowland hay meadows (R22). We measured local site characteristics like soil samples, landscape factors and historical factors.

KOSMOS 2023 Helgoland mesocosm study on ocean alkalinity enhancement: sediment trap particle flux data and water column biogeochemistry

The data presented herein originates from a mesocosm study conducted as part of the BMBF CDRmare, Retake project (grant agreement no. 03F0895A), aimed at investigating the ecological ramifications of ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE). Twelve mesocosms were deployed in Helgoland South Harbor, Germany, and systematically sampled using integrated water samplers over the period spanning from March 12th to April 20th, 2023. Six alkalinity levels under two dilution scenarios were established to differentiate between localized and uniform OAE additions. Alkalinity was increased stepwise to ΔTAmax = 1250 μmol kg-1 (250 μmol TA kg-1 increments) using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with calcium chloride (CaCl2) to simulate cation release during calcium-based mineral dissolution, causing strong carbonate chemistry perturbations (e.g., pHT > 9.25). The dataset encompasses a spectrum of sediment trap particle flux data, water column biogeochemistry including pigment variables, inorganic nutrients, carbonate chemistry parameters. The study and data set offer insights into impacts of alkalinity enhancement on marine ecosystems and their associated biogeochemistry.

Oxygen consumption rate, organic carbon and grain size data for intertidal sediments and oxygen concentration of pore waters data of Spiekeroog Island North Beach, May 2022 to April 2023

The permeable sandy sediments of beach aquifers receive a high input of electron acceptors, such as oxygen (O2), as well as fresh organic matter through seawater infiltration, driving the biogeochemical turnover in the subterranean estuary. Here, we experimentally determined seasonal sedimentary O2 consumption rates of intertidal sediments along a transect in the seawater infiltration zone at Spiekeroog Island North Beach, Germany, and present the data together with measurements of organic carbon and grain sizes, oxygen concentration of pore waters and beach topography. The samples were taken down to 1 m depth during two-monthly sampling campaigns from May 2022 to April 2023. Preliminary investigations of O2 consumption rates took place in in March, June and August 2017. Sediment and porewater sampling procedures were carried out as described by Massmann et al. (2023). O2 consumption rates were determined in slurry incubations of the retrieved sediments using gas tight vials (Labco Exetainer® 12 ml) equipped with O2 sensor spots (Pyroscience, OXSP5). Incubations were carried out in the dark at in situ temperatures, and vials were mounted on a rotating wheel to mimic porewater advection. The sediment's total organic carbon content was determined in a CS analyser (Eltra CS 800). Additionally, the fine fraction of the sediment was washed out and the organic carbon content of the fine sediments was measured in a CHNSO analyser (Hekatech Euro EA). The grain size distribution of the sediments was detemined using dynamic image analysis (Sympatec QICPIC). The O2 concentration in the pore water along the transect was measured immediately after the sample was taken using a flow-through oxygen optode (Pyroscience, OXFTC). The data was collected to investigate the impact of seasonal inputs and filtration efficiency on the O2 consumption during seawater infiltration into the permeable sands of beach aquifers.

Organic parameters obtained from Metzingen core

The total carbon (TC), total organic carbon (TOC), and total sulfur (TS) were determined using a LECO CS-230 system (Laboratory Equipment Corporation). Samples were heated up to 2000 °C under an oxygen atmosphere and an infrared detector subsequently measured the amount of produced CO₂ and SO₂. TOC was measured the same way after removing inorganic carbonates using 10 % HCl solution at 80 °C. Rock-Eval Pyrolyses were performed on a Rock-Eval-6 analyser (Vinci Technologies) using up to 180 mg initial sample material and a standard program (Espitalié et al., 1977; Lafargue et al., 1998), starting isothermal with 300°C for 3 min, succeeded by a heating rate of 25°C/min up to 650°C. Standard deviations for hydrogen indices (HI) and Tmax values are ± 5 % and ± 2°C, respectively.

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