Data were collected between August 2018 and January 2022 as part of the research unit DynaCom (Spatial community ecology in highly dynamic landscapes: From island biogeography to metaecosystems) of the Universities of Oldenburg, Göttingen, and Münster, the iDiv Leipzig and the Nationalpark Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer. Measurements were conducted almost bi-/monthly on experimental islands and salt marsh enclosed plots located in the back barrier tidal flat and salt marsh of the island of Spiekeroog (Germany). Field-based in situ measurements of salinity, temperature, and pH were conducted using portable hand-held instruments in groundwater (filter tubes within experimental plots) and in surface waters from a tidal channel (ITC) adjacent to the experimental islands and a tidal pond (STP) in the pioneer zone of the salt marsh. Measurements were performed and samples were taken during the day between 3 hours before and 3 hours after low tide. From August 2018 to September 2019 a HQ40D digital two-channel multi meter equipped with a pre-calibrated Intellical CDC401 field 4-pole graphite conductivity cell (Hach Lange GmbH, Germany) was used to measure temperature (°C) and salinity (psu). The same device was used for pH measurements with an Intellical PHC101 field low maintenance gel filled pH electrode (Hach Lange GmbH, Germany). The pH electrode was calibrated before each fieldwork using single-use pH buffer solutions (pH 4.01, 7.00, 10.01, Hach Lange GmbH, Germany). Since October 2019, salinity and temperature were measured using a Multi 3510 IDS SET 4 handheld device equipped with a TetraCon® 925/LV 4-Pol-IDS conductivity electrode with graphite cells (WTW, Xylem Analytics Germany GmbH, Germany). Fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM, ppb QSE) was measured using an AquaFluor Modell 80000-010 for UV-420 (Turner Designs Inc., USA), pre-calibrated in the laboratory. For this, water samples were taken from the field to a nearby mobile central field unit and were filtered within 1-2 hours after sampling using 25 mm Nuclepore syringe filters (0.2 µm pore size) directly into sample-pre-rinsed measurement cuvettes. Data quality control (QC) was performed using MATLAB (R2024b). Outlier detection was conducted both visually and statistically using z-score analysis (|z| > 3) per sampling campaign and plot. Each data point was assigned a Quality Control Flag (QC).
Ultrafeine Partikel haben in den letzten Jahren zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. Diese sogenannten Nanopartikel sind vielfaeltig anwendbar, wie z.B. als Ausgangsmaterialien fuer hochfeste Werkstoffe, in Gassensoren, als Katalysatoren, in Arzneimitteln und in Testaerosolen fuer die Heissgasentstaubung. Es wurde eine Anlage zur Nanopartikelerzeugung durch Laserverdampfung entwickelt. Zur Herstellung wird Aluminiumoxidkeramik, Graphit, Kupfer oder Aluminium mit einem C02-Laser verdampft. Aus der Kondensation entstehen kugelfoermige Primaerpartikel in einem Groessenbereich zwischen 10 und 500 Nanometern. Nach der Erstarrung koennen die Partikel durch Agglomeration unregelmassig geformte Ketten oder Flocken bilden. Deshalb wird das Aerosol so weit verduennt, dass Kollisionen der Partikel unwahrscheinlich werden und damit die Agglomerationswahrscheinlichkeit stark reduziert wird. Das zu verdampfende Material, in Form eines runden Targets, ist unter einen Drehteller montiert, der in Rotation versetzt und gleichzeitig horizontal verschoben wird. Der Laserstrahl wird von unten auf das Target fokussiert und hinterlasst durch die Targetbewegung eine spiralfoermige Bahn auf der Materialoberflaeche. Das Material verdampft lokal im Laserfokus. Der Dampf wird durch radial zustroemendes Argon in einen Sinterkegel unterhalb des Targets transportiert, wo in der heissen Zone die Kondensation und Koagulation stattfindet. In diesem Bereich bleiben die Partikel durch Absorption der Laserstrahlung fluessig, unterhalb der heissen Zone erstarren sie. Durch die Volumenaufweitung des Kegels nach unten und das seitliche Zustroemen von Argon nimmt die Partikelkonzentration von oben nach unten stark ab. Die Partikel werden auf einer Filtermembran abgeschieden und mit einem Rasterelektronenmikroskop auf Groesse, Form und Agglomerationsgrad untersucht. Neben dem Ziel der Nanopartikelerzeugung werden die zugrundeliegenden Prozesse Verdampfung, Kondensation und Koagulation sowohl experimentell als auch theoretisch detailliert untersucht.
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