The Halo Microwave Package (HAMP), deployed onboard the High Altitude and LOng range research aircraft (HALO), performed measurements over the Arctic ocean and sea-ice during the HALO-(AC)³ campaign in March and April 2022. After the transfer flight (RF01) from Oberpfaffenhofen (Germany), 17 research flight (RF) days started from Kiruna, Sweden and heading northwards to the Fram Strait and central Arctic. Here, HAMP measurements were taken in different weather conditions comprising high impact synoptic events such as warm air intrusions, atmospheric rivers, cold air outbreaks or polar lows. We provide a dataset of active and passive microwave HAMP measurements, i.e. from the cloud and precipitation radar and the radiometers respectively. The radar operates at a frequency of 35 GHz while the microwave radiometer measurements comprise 25 channels in the frequency range between 22 and 190 GHz. Our dataset delivers time-series of brightness temperatures from the radiometers, and the radar reflectivity factor and linear depolarization ratio from the radar in a unified format. The unified and processed dataset provides the post-calibrated and quality-controlled measurements from both devices in a collocated temporal 1 Hz resolution applicable for joint analysis. An adherent surface mask distinguishes between three predominant overpassed surface types (land, sea, and sea-ice). The radar measurements are further unified in a vertical grid having 30 m resolution. Our unified dataset allows for wide-spread analysis of evolving arctic cloud and moisture properties over the remote Arctic ocean.
The Halo Microwave Package (HAMP), deployed onboard the High Altitude and LOng range research aircraft (HALO), performed measurements over the Arctic ocean and sea-ice during the HALO-(AC)³ campaign in March and April 2022. After the transfer flight (RF01) from Oberpfaffenhofen (Germany), 17 research flight (RF) days started from Kiruna, Sweden and heading northwards to the Fram Strait and central Arctic. Here, HAMP measurements were taken in different weather conditions comprising high impact synoptic events such as warm air intrusions, atmospheric rivers, cold air outbreaks or polar lows. We provide a dataset of active and passive microwave HAMP measurements, i.e. from the cloud and precipitation radar and the radiometers respectively. The radar operates at a frequency of 35 GHz while the microwave radiometer measurements comprise 25 channels in the frequency range between 22 and 190 GHz. Our dataset delivers time-series of brightness temperatures from the radiometers, and the radar reflectivity factor and linear depolarization ratio from the radar in a unified format. The unified and processed dataset provides the post-calibrated and quality-controlled measurements from both devices in a collocated temporal 1 Hz resolution applicable for joint analysis. An adherent surface mask distinguishes between three predominant overpassed surface types (land, sea, and sea-ice). The radar measurements are further unified in a vertical grid having 30 m resolution. Our unified dataset allows for wide-spread analysis of evolving arctic cloud and moisture properties over the remote Arctic ocean.
During the HALO-(AC)3 campaign, the hyperspectral and polarized imaging system specMACS was integrated into the German research aircraft HALO in a nadir-looking perspective. This dataset contains calibrated spectral radiances in mW/(m2 nm sr) for the shortwave infrared wavelength range between about 1000 and 2400nm measured by the SWIR spectrometer of specMACS. The spectrometer has 320 spatial pixels along a spatial line oriented in across-track direction with a field of view of 35.5 degree and measures at an acquisition frequency of 30Hz. The calibration of the data was performed as described in Ewald et al. (2016). Because of the large size of the data, the calibrated radiances for each research flight were split into different files along the wavelength dimension. Each dataset contains measurements of 20 wavelength channels for the wavelength range given in the file name. Additionally, the dataset includes georeferencing information with viewing zenith and viewing azimuth angles as well as sensor latitude, longitude, and height above WGS84 for every measured pixel as a separate file for every flight. Note that during the first three flights there was some icing of the window in front of the cameras which is visible in the data.
During the HALO-(AC)3 campaign, the hyperspectral and polarized imaging system specMACS was integrated into the German research aircraft HALO. This dataset contains videos with measurements of the two polarization resolving cameras of specMACS which measure the two-dimensional distribution of the I, Q, and U components of the Stokes vector at red, green, and blue color channels with an acquisition rate of 8Hz. Both cameras are operated in a nadir looking perspective and have a combined field of view of 91 x 117 degree in along and across track direction. The videos include RGB images as well as images of the degree of linear polarization derived from the measurements.
HALO-(AC)³ is a field study that aimed at investigating Arctic air mass transformations by collecting a comprehensive observational data set in March and April 2022. A series of cases of warm air intrusions into the Arctic and marine cold air outbreaks were observed. Larger spatial scales were covered with a particular emphasis on process studies of important examples of Arctic mid-latitude linkages by applying the High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO), and the AWI polar aircrafts P5 & P6 for coordinated research flights over the Arctic. Simultaneously, observations at the AWIPEV station Ny Alesund were intensified and linked to the airborne activities including measurements of the tethered balloon system called BELUGA. The general objectives of the HALO-(AC)³ mission were: 1) To perform quasi-Lagrange observations of air-mass transformation processes during meridional transports with a particular focus on pronounced warm air intrusions and marine cold air outbreaks, and 2) To test the ability of numerical atmospheric models to reproduce the measurements, which then can be applied to investigate the linkages between Arctic amplification and mid-latitude weather. This is the collection of datasets for all data obtained with research aircraft POLAR 6.
HALO-(AC)³ is a field study that aimed at investigating Arctic air mass transformations by collecting a comprehensive observational data set in March and April 2022. A series of cases of warm air intrusions into the Arctic and marine cold air outbreaks were observed. Larger spatial scales were covered with a particular emphasis on process studies of important examples of Arctic mid-latitude linkages by applying the High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO), and the AWI polar aircrafts P5 & P6 for coordinated research flights over the Arctic. Simultaneously, observations at the AWIPEV station Ny Alesund were intensified and linked to the airborne activities including measurements of the tethered balloon system called BELUGA. The general objectives of the HALO-(AC)³ mission were: 1) To perform quasi-Lagrange observations of air-mass transformation processes during meridional transports with a particular focus on pronounced warm air intrusions and marine cold air outbreaks, and 2) To test the ability of numerical atmospheric models to reproduce the measurements, which then can be applied to investigate the linkages between Arctic amplification and mid-latitude weather. This is the collection of datasets for all data obtained with research aircraft POLAR 5.
HALO-(AC)³ is a field study that aimed at investigating Arctic air mass transformations by collecting a comprehensive observational data set in March and April 2022. A series of cases of warm air intrusions into the Arctic and marine cold air outbreaks were observed. Larger spatial scales were covered with a particular emphasis on process studies of important examples of Arctic mid-latitude linkages by applying the High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO), and the AWI polar aircrafts P5 & P6 for coordinated research flights over the Arctic. Simultaneously, observations at the AWIPEV station Ny Alesund were intensified and linked to the airborne activities including measurements of the tethered balloon system called BELUGA. The general objectives of the HALO-(AC)³ mission were: 1) To perform quasi-Lagrange observations of air-mass transformation processes during meridional transports with a particular focus on pronounced warm air intrusions and marine cold air outbreaks, and 2) To test the ability of numerical atmospheric models to reproduce the measurements, which then can be applied to investigate the linkages between Arctic amplification and mid-latitude weather. This is the collection of datasets for all data obtained with research aircraft HALO.
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