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CNS and isotopes of sediment core SAC05 from Sacrower See, NE Germany

Plant wax composition of sediment core ROT21 from the Rotsee, Switzerland

This dataset contains compound-specific hydrogen (δ2H) and carbon (δ13C) isotope compositions and concentrations of long-chain n-alkanes and fatty acids (n-alkanoic acids) from the ROT21 sediment record of Rotsee, Central Switzerland (47°04′10″N, 8°18′48″E, 419 m a.s.l.). Sediment cores were retrieved in October 2021 using a UWITEC gravity corer, and the dataset spans the past ~13,000 years based on 19 radiocarbon dates (terrestrial and aquatic macrofossils) integrated with 210Pb and 137Cs profiles (see De Jonge et al., 2025). Laboratory analyses were conducted between February 2023 and November 2024 at the University of Basel. Sediment samples (~2–5 g) were sub-sampled, freeze-dried, spiked with internal standards (n-C19-alkanoic acid, n-C36-alkane, 2-octadecanone, and n-C21-alkanol), and extracted with dichloromethane/methanol (9:1, v/v) using an Accelerated Solvent Extractor (Dionex ASE 350, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Following saponification, neutral fractions were separated via silica gel chromatography, and fatty acids were converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). Both n-alkanes and FAMEs were further purified to isolate saturated compounds using AgNO3-impregnated silica gel columns, then analyzed and quantified by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). Peak areas were normalized to recovery standards to account for potential losses during sample handling, and compounds were identified by comparison with external standards. Compound-specific δ2H and δ13C values were determined by gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS) and normalized to the VSMOW-SLAP (δ2H) and VPDB (δ13C) scales. Analytical precision was ±3-5 ‰ for δ2H and ±0.2–0.3 ‰ for δ13C. The dataset was generated to reconstruct past hydroclimate and vegetation dynamics in Central Europe using plant wax δ2H records. Full methodological details are provided in the study: Central Europe hydroclimate since the Younger Dryas inferred from vegetation-corrected sedimentary plant wax δ2H values (Santos et al., 2026).

Detailed lithological descriptions of recovered cores from the Loosbach valley at Pestenacker, a Late Neolithic wetland site, northern Alpine forelands, Germany

In 2018 and 2019, 14 driving cores and 20 hand drillings were carried out to reconstruct the Holocene deposition history of the Loosbach valley at Pestenacker, an UNESCO world heritage site of Late Neolithic wetland occupation. A hand-held Cobra Pro (Atlas Copco) driving core drilling system and 60 mm diameter open corer recovered sediments. The achieved segments of each 1 m lengths were accessed on site towards sediment features and colours according to AG Boden (2005) and Munsell Colour Chart. The geochemical findings were classified into sedimentological units. The detailed descriptions of the geochemical data are given in the document „Geochemical data of recovered cores from the Loosbach valley at Pestenacker“.

Physical and chemical parameters of sediment core SAC05 from Sacrower See (NE Germany) provide a robust reconstruction of climate change and human impact since 13,000 cal. BP

The 11.8 m-long composite sediment record from the hardwater lake of Sacrower See, located near the city of Potsdam (north-eastern Germany), has been characterised by a range of analytical techniques. These include magnetic susceptibility, chemical parameters (XRF core scanning, CNS analysis, biogenic silica) and stable isotopes (13C, 15N). The chronology covers the entire Holocene and the concluding Lateglacial (Alleröd, Younger Dryas) and is based on age-depth modelling using radiocarbon dates refined by the onset of the local varve chronology in 1870 CE (Lüder et al., 2006) and by the Laacher See Tephra, an isochrone dated to 13,000 cal. BP. It offers a detailed environmental reconstruction providing insights into depositional processes influenced by both natural climatic variations and human activities (Enters et al., 2009; Kirilova et al., 2009). The Lateglacial and Early Holocene are distinguished by the stabilisation of natural landscapes characterised by the presence of pine-birch (Alleröd) and mixed oak forests (Early Holocene). This development was interrupted by the climatic deterioration of the Younger Dryas, which resulted in a destabilisation of vegetation and increased natural soil erosion. It is evident that, for the first time around 5500 cal. BP, anthropogenic forest clearing became a factor, which subsequently led to increasing cultural soil erosion further accelerating during the Bronze Age (3600-3200 cal. BP), the Early Iron Age (2800-2600 cal. BP) and the Middle Ages (900-600 cal. BP). In the course of industrialisation since the 19th century, human impact underwent a transition from the destabilisation of soils to the phenomenon of eutrophication. This transition resulted in the occurrence of hypolimnetic anoxia, accompanied by the formation of carbonaceous varves.

Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) paleo-dust record

Climate parameters of the Arid Central Asian Data Base (ACADB) for surface brGDGT samples

Radiocarbon dating and charcoal identification record from NEP 1, NEP 2, NEP 3, NEP 4, Nördlingen, southern Germany

The charcoal fragments found during the excavation of NEP soil profiles downstream of the course of the Eger River (on the northern outskirts of Nördlingen) were anthracologically examined and determined to the lowest possible taxonomic rank. Subsequently some of them were radiocarbon dated at the Curt-Engelhorn-Zentrum Archäometrie gGmbH (CEZA). The samples were pretreated with HCl, NaOH and HCl using the ABA method (Acid/Base/Acid). The ¹⁴C content was measured with a MICADAS AMS-System. Radiocarbon ages are given as uncalibrated measurements in "kiloyears before present".

Biogenic silica of sediment core SAC05 from Sacrower See, NE Germany

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and magnetic susceptibility measurements of sediment core SAC05 from Sacrower See, NE Germany

C-PEAT global database (v. 2025)

This database is the first formal version of PAGES' C-PEAT Global Peatland Carbon Database (GD), which contains 267 independently cataloged peat cores and a large number of observations from those cores, including: peat depths, organic matter content values, dry bulk density values, organic density values, as well as carbon and nitrogen content values (Loisel et al. Submitted). This Editorial publication, along with the published scripts for data and metadata retrieval (Ransby et al. 2025), are designed to streamline data use and citation.

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