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Distribution of contaminants from the Elbe outflow into the North Sea (German Bight) based on water samples from the MOSES cruise Sternfahrt 10 in 2023

The Sternfahrt-10 of the MOSES campaign, from 29th August until the 15th of September 2023, had two objectives. One was to follow the dispersion of pollutants transported by the Elbe water into the North Sea, previously observed during the Elbe-Freshwater and Elbe-Tidal cruises. And second the distribution of the Elbe water within the German Bight. Therefore, drifter groups were deployed to follow individual water parcels. Those drifters were followed subsequently by three ships (RV Ludwig Prandtl, RV Littorina, RV Mya II), to extend the time period of measurements. Along the tracks, water samples were taken close to the drifters, alternatively at stations from previous cruises, resulting in 12 to 24 sampling points per week. In terms to detect the concentration of a variety of nutrients and carbon compounds from the south-eastern North Sea up to the island Amrum. Additionally, basic hydrographic parameters and greenhouse gases were sampled continuously throughout the whole cruise. Those results are not part of the present dataset, but can be found here, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971874. To ensure the comparability of the measured parameters a transportable container laboratory was passed from ship to ship always equipped with the same sensor systems. Just for specific water samples some special equipment was added. A map of the different tracks as well as information about the used sensors and data treatment, you can find in the additional material. For more detailed information about the MOSES Project and the cruise Sternfahrt-10, see the article cited in references.

Klimaänderungsuntersuchungen mit Hilfe der Bayesischen Statistik

Der Nachweis und die Zuordnung von anthropogenen Klimaänderungen ist von großer Bedeutung, da Maßnahmen zur Abminderung oder Vermeidung zukünftiger Klimaänderungen dadurch begründet werden. Wegen der verbundenen ökonomischen Werte sind statistisch belastbare Aussagen zwingend. Die Anwendung der Bayesischen Statistik auf Klassifikationsprobleme zeigt einen Weg auf, den Nachweis und die Zuordnung anthropogener Klimaänderungen zu bestimmten Ursachen einheitlich durchzuführen. Basierend auf eigenen Vorarbeiten und vorhandenen Klimasimulationen ist deshalb die Erweiterung des bestehenden Bayes-Verfahrens auf regionale Temperatur- und Bodenluftdruckverteilungen das methodische Ziel. Wissenschaftliches Ziel ist die Quantifizierung der Unsicherheit bei der Zuordnung der Beobachtungen zu den Modellsimulationen der natürlichen Variationen bzw. der Szenariobeschreibungen anthropogener Klimaänderungen unter Berücksichtigung der Unschärfen, die durch die unterschiedlichen Formulierungen verschiedener Klimamodelle entstehen. Ein wissenschaftspolitisches Ziel ist es, einen fundierten und belastbaren Beitrag zum geplanten vierten Sachstandsbericht des IPCC zur Nachweis- und Zuordnungsproblematik zu liefern.

Modellierung geologischer Flaechen und Koerper zum Aufbau eines digitalen hydrogeologischen Informationssystems und als Grundlage fuer ein hydrogeologisches Kartenwerk 1:50000

Entwicklung und Anpassung von Konzepten fuer die Nutzung kommerzieller GIS-Software bei der hydrogeologischen Landesaufnahme, Aufbau eines raeumlichen hydrogeologischen Informationssystems mit Punkt-, Linien-, Flaechen- und Raumdaten. Entwicklung einer Rahmenlegende mit Vorschriften fuer Datenauswertung, Praesentation und Datenhaltung, Weiterentwicklung von Verfahren zur Bereitstellung der Daten fuer GI-Systeme und zur Visualisierung und Ausgabe als geplottetes oder gedrucktes Kartenwerk. Datenhaltung auf CA-Ingres-basierten Datenbanken; Auswertung und Modellierung mit JSM, IPO (Firma Dynamic Graphics Inc.) und ArcView 3.1/GeoObject2 (Firma ESRI/Insight); kartographische Bearbeitung mit ALK-GIAP (AED Graphics).

Carbon compounds, methane concentration and nutritional composition of water samples along the Elbe to the North Sea (German Bight) during the MOSES projects' Sternfahrt 9 in 2022

The "Sternfahrt 9" cruise was conducted from the 30th of May to the 2nd of June 2022, covering a late spring situation in the German Bight. The three participating vessels (Littorina, Uthörn and Ludwig Prandtl) covered a wide range from 7.6°E to 8.9°E and from 53.5°N to 54.8°N, following similar tracks and sampling stations like those of the "Sternfahrt 5" in September 2020. Objective of this cruise was to get new insights on the chemical transformation of Chlorophyll-a and dissolved organic matter from the Elbe, Tide-Elbe and North Sea. Therefore, each ship was continuously measuring different hydrographic parameters and greenhouse gases along their tracks (not included in the present dataset, please see article(s) 'related to'). Additionally, each day eight stations were run by the crews along their respective track (for a more detailed description see 'file description'). Thus, delivering discrete water samples for later analyses of DIC, TA, DOC, methane, nutrients and explosive metals. Due to partly bad weather not always all stations could be realized. While the vessel Littorina covered the south eastern part of the German Bight, the Ludwig Prandtl went further North until the small island Amrum. The Uthörn instead sampled on one side in the north of Heligoland and on the other side in the south and south-west towards Cuxhaven (see map in 'additional metadata'). For more detailed information about the MOSEShx campaign and the cruise Sternfahrt 9, see article cited in references.

Database (DSM) of in situ POC and SPM and satellite Rrs (matchup) collected between 2002 and 2018

This data release includes in situ measurements collected between 2002 and 2012 during different study sites (Full description of the methods adopted for each measurements in the references). DSM measurements include 101 coincident in situ concentrations of Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) (μgL-1) and Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) (mg/l) and remote-sensing reflectances (Rrs, sr-1) matchups for the sensor Meris. It addressed the objective: 1) Validate the POC/SPM ratio using satellite Rrs (matchup)

Database (DSM) of in situPOC, SPM and Rrs collected between 1997 and 2018

This data release includes in situ measurements collected between 2010 and 2014 during different cruise missions and study sites (Full description of the methods adopted for each measurements in the references). Measurements include concentrations of Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) (μgL-1) and Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) (mg/l), remote-sensing reflectances (Rrs, sr-1), the particulate backscattering coefficient (bbp), and the particulate attenuation coefficient (cp) (m-1) at 650 nm. The first in situ database, named DS0, includes 300 coincident in situ POC, SPM, bbp, and cp measurements. DS1 includes 325 coincident in situ POC, SPM and Rrs. It addressed two main objectives: 1) Check the relationship between POC/SPM and bbp/cp 2) Develop a POC/SPM algorithm based on Rrs

(Supplement 2) Laminarin concentrations in the ocean surface

(Supplement 1) Station list including dates, locations, depths and method comments

Nitrous oxide - the underestimated greenhouse gas

This fact sheet summarizes the results and content of the status report from the project “Meta-analysis - Global nitrous oxide/N₂O-sources: Inventories, trends, consideration in ⁠IPCC⁠ scenarios”. The properties of nitrous oxide (N₂O) as a greenhouse gas with an impact on the climate and the different methods for accounting of nitrous oxide sources and sinks will be briefly described. Additionally, the quantitative development of various anthropogenic and natural sources on a global and regional level is illustrated. Ultimately, options for reducing anthropogenic nitrous oxide emissions are identified.

Metaanalyse – Weltweite Lachgas/N₂O-Quellen

Der vorliegende Bericht enthält eine umfassende Meta-Analyse zur Rolle von Lachgasquellen und -senken im globalen ⁠Klimasystem⁠ und bietet eine detaillierte Bilanzierung der weltweiten natürlichen und anthropogenen N2O-Emissionen. Anhand präziser Daten des „Global Carbon Project“ werden Herausforderungen und Ansätze zur Reduzierung dieser Emissionen und potenzielle Minderungsstrategien aufgezeigt. Gestützt auf aktuelle Forschungen und die Berichte des ⁠IPCC⁠ bietet diese Studie damit einen Einblick in die komplexe Dynamik von Lachgas als dritthäufigstem ⁠Treibhausgas⁠ in der ⁠Atmosphäre⁠ und zeigt auf, dass trotz der Zunahme der globalen N2O-Emissionen um fast 35% seit 1980, die konsequente Umsetzung von Minderungsmaßnahmen die Lachgasemissionen deutlich senken könnte und damit einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur Bekämpfung des Klimawandels geleistet werden könnte.

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