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The data comprises time series from three automatic meteorological and snow-hydrological stations situated in the Rofental (1891–3772 m a.s.l., Ötztal Alps, Austria). The stations are situated at 2737, 2805, and 2919 m a.s.l. and include automatic measurements of meteorological (temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed, and radiation fluxes) and snow-hydrological variables (snow depth, snow water equivalent, volumetric solid and liquid water content, snow density, layered snow temperature profiles, snow surface temperature, and snow drift). The data are sampled by fully automatic weather stations (AWS). The data retrieved by the sensors is stored on a logger in 10 min. temporal resolution. The data is continuously transferred by GSM to a server. The data processing consists of transfer of the raw data from the logger to a data server, basic processing steps (e.g., temperature correction long-wave radiation, decumulating precipitation measurements), and a semi-automatic correction for erroneous values.
Accurate analyses by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) require the use of matrix-matched reference materials due to instrumental mass fractionation. The goal of this data publication is to report a first SIMS homogeneity test of experimentally produced basaltic glasses (Shishkina et al. 2010, Shishkina 2012) to evaluate their potential use as internal reference materials (RMs) for quantification of H2O and CO2 in the GFZ SIMS laboratory. These samples were originally prepared to shed light on magma storage and pre-eruptive conditions as well as degassing paths of natural basaltic systems. The GFZ SIMS laboratory has mm-size chips of 13 samples in total mounted in the centre of an epoxy disc with a diameter of 25.4 mm. All analysed basaltic glasses are relatively homogeneous at the microscale, with relative standard deviations (1RSD) of 1.9 to 15.1% for C/Si, 1.6 to 6.5% for OH/Si and 0.4 to 4.5% for SiH/Si. While the relationship of measured C/Si ratios versus nominal CO2/SiO2 concentrations is described by a linear function, the relationships of OH/Si and SiH/Si ratios versus nominal H2O/SiO2 concentrations are described by quadratic functions. Eight samples (M2, M5, M6, M30, M39, M43, M70 and N72) can be used to quantify CO2 by SIMS in basaltic glasses with concentrations up to 5943 µg/g. Nine samples (M2, M5, M22, M30, M39, M43, M49, M70 and N72) can be used to quantify H2O in basaltic glasses with concentrations up to 8.81 wt.%. We note that H2O quantifications using the measured SiH/Si ratios are less accurate than those using the OH/Si ratios, hence we recommend using the latter. Measured backgrounds in the blank glass N72 were ca. 10 µg/g for CO2 and 0.06 wt.% for H2O. The relative uncertainties on CO2 and H2O calculated values (i.e., SIMS bias) are 12 to 25% (CO2 < 1000 µg/g) and ca. 13% (H2O < 1 wt.%). At higher concentrations (CO2 > 3000 µg/g and H2O > 1 wt.%), uncertainties are lower (2 to 5% for carbon and < 6% for water). In addition to the SIMS data, we provide the synthesis conditions, chemical compositional data, and bulk H2O and CO2 contents of the investigated basaltic glasses.
This data set includes the results of high-resolution digital image correlation (DIC) analysis and digital elevation models (DEM) applied to analogue modelling experiments (Table 1). Six generic analogue models are extended on top of a rubber sheet. In Series A, as extension velocity increases, the initial biaxial plane strain condition evolves into triaxial constrictional or intermediate strain. Models A1 and A2 are two-phase models and Model A3 is a three-phase model. Conversely, in Series B, as extension velocity decreases, the model starts with triaxial constrictional strain and ends up with biaxial plane or intermediate triaxial strain. Models B1and B2 are two-phase models and Model B3 is a three-phase model. Detailed descriptions of the experiments can be found in Liu et al. (2025) to which this data set is supplement. The data presented here are visualized as topography, the horizontal cumulative surface strain, and incremental profiles.
This dataset provides rheometric data of the PDMS Korasilon G20OH used for analogue modelling at the Laboratory for Experimental Tectonics at GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany. The material sample has been analyzed at the Laboratory for Experimental Tectonics at GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences (HelTec) using an Anton Paar Physica MCR 301 rheometer in a cone-plate configuration at room temperature (21˚C). Rotational (controlled shear rate) tests with shear rates varying from 10^-4 to 10^-1 s^-1 were performed. According to our rheometric analysis, the material is quasi-Newtonian (n~1) at strain rates below 10^-2 s^-1 and weakly shear rate thinning above. The viscosity of G20OH is 1.6*10^4 Pa s.
Carbonate minerals of the dolomite-ankerite and magnesite-siderite series are often found in sedimentary basins associated with economically viable ore deposits and as alteration product of Ca-Mg-Fe-silicates in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Analysis of oxygen and carbon isotopes in such carbonates gives important information, among others, on their evolution and spatial distribution during sediment burial and diagenesis, crystallization temperature during sedimentation, diagenesis and hydrothermal alteration, fluid and carbon sources, mechanisms of CO2 sequestration (e.g., (Śliwiński et al., 2016, 2018 and references therein). Because of their common chemical zoning at the microscale, in-situ techniques such as Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) are fundamental to unravel intragrain and intergrain isotopic heterogeneities at scales < 50 µm. Due to instrumental artifacts, SIMS analyses need to be calibrated with matrix-matched reference materials to be accurate. This dataset describes a newly compiled set of Ca-Mg-Fe carbonates that were characterized for their mineralogical (XRD), major and minor element chemical composition (EPMA), oxygen and carbon isotopic composition by acid digestion gas-source isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GS-IRMS), and oxygen and carbon isotopic homogeneity at the microscale (SIMS). Three dolomites and one ankerite with Fe# (molar Fe/(Fe+Mg)) ranging from 0.0004 to 0.3429, one magnesite (Fe# = 0.0099) and one siderite (Fe# = 0.6152) are now available for the global SIMS community.
This data set was collected in the frame of the ICDP drilling project DIVE (Drilling the Ivrea-Verbano ZonE) to determine the thermal properties of lower crustal lithologies and their variabilities. Two boreholes were drilled, the first 5071_1_B (in Ornavasso, final depth: 578.5 m) intersects the amphibolite-facies metasedimentary succession of the Ivrea-Verbano Zone, and the second borehole 5071_1_A (in Megolo, final depth: 909.5 m) is located within the mafic complex. Thermal properties were measured on fresh drill cores from the two DIVE boreholes and surface samples collected from nearby outcrops. The data set comprises thermal conductivity (TC), thermal diffusivity (TD), and specific heat capacity (Cp) measurements as well as measurements on concentrations of heat producing elements (HPE) Uranium (U), Thorium (Th), and Potassium (K) and the calculated radiogenic heat production (A).
This dataset presents the raw data from one experimental series (named CCEX, i.e., Caldera Collapse under regional Extension) of analogue models performed to investigate the process of caldera collapse followed by regional extension. Our experimental series tested the case of perfectly circular collapsed calderas afterward stretched under regional extensional conditions, that resulted in elongated calderas. The models are primarily intended to quantify the role of regional extension on the elongation of collapsed calderas observed in extensional settings, such as the East African Rift System. An overview of the performed analogue models is provided in Table 1. Analogue models have been analysed quantitatively by means of photogrammetric reconstruction of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) used for 3D quantification of the deformation, and top-view photo analysis for qualitative descriptions. The analogue materials used in the setup of these models are described in Montanari et al. (2017), Del Ventisette et al. (2019), Bonini et al., 2021 and Maestrelli et al. (2021a,b).
This dataset contains a series of analog models for comparing and testing positive tectonic inversion mechanisms and wedge structure formation. Furthermore, it includes a 2-D seismic reflection profile that can be compared with the models presented here. Finally, several photos of some structural features that cab be associated with wedge structure are shown. Both seismic lines and photos are located on a segment of Andean forearc, specifically, in the eastern Domeyko Cordillera and the Salar de Atacama Basin in northern Chile. Specifically, the models were deformed under extensional and compressional conditions, inducing a positive tectonic inversion, using a pure/simple-shear deformational apparatus. Our models intended to simulate the tectonic conditions presented in López et al. (2022), which illustrated the structural setting of the Domeyko Cordillera as resulting from the interplay between positive inversion tectonics and pure shortening faulting. Moreover, our models simulated three geological environments that developed sequentially through time: (a) syn-rift sedimentation, (b) post-rift and pre-shortening sedimentation, and (c) syn-shortening sedimentation. Post-rift and syn-shortening sedimentation incorporated a ductile layer (PDMS) during the shortening phase, simulating the presence of evaporitic deposits (i.e., gypsum) to test the conditions that could have controlled the formation of pure-shortening-related structures in the case study under consideration.
This dataset presented herein originates from the JAGUARS (The Japanese German Underground Acoustic Emission Research in South Africa) project, which took place from 2007 to 2009 in Mponeng Gold Mine, South Africa. Project partners included Ritsumeikan University, Earthquake Research Institute University of Tokyo and Tohuku University in Japan, the German Research Center for Geosciences Potsdam and Gesellschaft für Materialprüfung und Geophysik GMuG mbH in Germany, as well as the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research in Johannesburg, Seismogen CC in Cartonville, Anglo Gold Ashanti Ltd and the Institute of Mining Seismology in the Republic of South Africa. This publication forms part of the Geo-INQUIRE initiative (HORIZON-INFRA-2021-SERV-01 call, project number 101058518). It is cross-referenced on the EPISODES Platform (https://episodesplatform.eu/?lang=en#episode:JAGUARS (not yet existing)), which is managed by the EPOS TCS AH (European Plate Observing System Thematic Core Service Anthropogenic Hazards). Within the EPISODES Platform, the datasets are consolidated into an “episode” titled “JAGUARS: Mining induced picoseismicity associated with gold mining”. The EPISODES Platform offers open access to the integrated research infrastructures of the EPOS TCS AH, enabling users to download data and utilize a range of basic online visualization tools to graphically represent and process the datasets directly within their personal workspace.
This data-set contains provenance detrital data from the glacimarine sequence of Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 270. The 270 site was cored on a flank of the Central High in the central Ross Sea and recovered a thick Oligocene to lower Miocene glacimarine sequence, overlain by ~20 m of Pliocene to Recent strata. This site provides important temporal constraints on regional stratigraphy and insights into late Oligocene to early Miocene ice sheet dynamics. We analyzed eight detrital samples of glaciomarine sediments distributed along the core and two from the basement rocks recovered during coring, by using an integrated single-grain provenance approach. This multi-proxy provenance study employs conventional U-Pb detrital zircon dating integrated with apatite U-Pb and fission-track dating and trace element analysis of detrital apatite and clast petrology. The data-set suggests a general evolution from local erosion due to small ice caps to far-travelled glacial detritus responding to the continuous sea floor subsidence. The detrital age spectra of a late Oligocene diamicitite is consistent with far travelled grains from southern West Antarctica (WA), suggesting an expansion of the WA ice sheet that should be the oldest and first evidence of ice sheet growth on the WA.
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