From January 2022 to May 2023, temperature and salinity (only until March 2023) data were logged with a SEABIRD SBE 37-SMP MicroCAT CT in 2-minutes intervals at GEOMAR (Kiel, Germany) pier at 54°19'48.8N, 10°08'59.6E. The sensor system is mounted to a floating platform to ensure a continuous depth of 1 m at any time. After cleaning and other re-boots of the sensor package, temperature and salinity data tend to deviate from true values. Hence, 60 minutes of data after any re-boot (after sensor servicing with re-deployment, data download or power failure) were deleted. Due to massive fouling the conductivity sensor caused false salinity data during the last two months of this measurement period which were, hence, also deleted from the data set.
From June 2022 to May 2023, seawater temperature and salinity data were measured repeatedly by a hand-held salinity probe (WTW Handheld ProfiLine Multi 3320 with conductivity measuring cell TetraCon 325) at GEOMAR (Kiel, Germany) pier at 54°19'48.8N 10°08'59.6E. The seawater was continuously pumped from 1m depth to a container on the 'Kiel Outdoor Benthocosm' (KOB) platform in which the measurement took place. The sensor was calibrated prior to each measurement.
The dataset contains temperature, salinity, oxygen, velocity, chlorophyll and turbidity data from the stationary underwater fish observatory (UFO). The stationary UFO was deployed at 54°20.4375'N, 10°10.4463'E from 2021/03/05 to 2022/05/18 about 50 m from the eastern shore of the Kiel Fjord, at a depth of 6 m. The abiotic sensor instrumentation consists of an upward looking acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP; Teledyne Workhorse Sentinel 1200 kHz), a pumped conductivity, temperature, and depth sonde (CTD; Sea Bird Scientific MicroCAT) and a combined fluorometer and turbidity sensor (Sea Bird Scientific ECO FLNTUS). All sensors were placed ~1.0 m above the seafloor. Time series data for ADCP, CTD and fluorometer were downloaded and preprocessed to obtain average estimates at a frequency of 1 h. To guarantee the high quality of the measurements and the data output, the sensors are regularly serviced. After each survey, back in the laboratories, the raw data collected at sea are first checked for consistency, and then processed and calibrated according to international standards. To verify and calibrate the T, S, O2, CHL, and Turb data, a vertical CTD profile was measured fortnightly close to the two UFO sites. Additional water samples were taken to determine oxygen levels using the Winkler method and to determine Chlorophyll levels to calibrate the fluorometer.
From January 2020 to January 2022, temperature, salinity, and oxygen (only July 2020 - April 2021) data were logged with an AANDERAA oxygen sensor 3835 and a SEABIRD SBE 37-SI MicroCAT CT(D) in 10-minutes intervals at GEOMAR (Kiel, Germany) pier at 54°19'48.8N 10°08'59.6E. The sensor system is mounted to a floating platform such that a continuous depth of 1 m is ensured at any time. Oxygen data were corrected for salinity, temperature and depth following the manual for Aanderaa Optodes using the salinity and temperature measurements from the SEABIRD SBE 37-SI MicroCAT CT(D) sensor. After cleaning and other re-boots of the sensor package, temperature, salinity and oxygen data tend to deviate from true values. Hence, 60 minutes of data after any re-boot (after sensor servicing with re-deployment, data download or power failure) were deleted. Two major data gaps (January 2020 – July 2020, April 2021 – June 2021) are due to longer periods when the sensors were serviced in the workshop.
From January 2020 to October 2021, seawater temperature and salinity data were measured repeatedly by a hand-held salinity probe (WTW Handheld ProfiLine Multi 3320 with conductivity measuring cell TetraCon 325) at GEOMAR (Kiel, Germany) pier at 54°19'48.8N 10°08'59.6E. The seawater was continuously pumped from 1m depth to a container on the 'Kiel Outdoor Benthocosm' (KOB) platform in which the measurement took place. The sensor was calibrated prior to each measurement.
Salinity in Kiel Fjord was recorded on mostly-weekly cruises of the research vessel FK Polarfuchs from 2005 to 2018 using a CTD48M probe (Sea and Sun technologies, Trappenkamp, Germany) at a station in front of the GEOMAR Pier (“Wittlingskuhle”, Position: 54°19'69 N, 10°09'06 E). These measurements are important for better understanding the salinity as one of the important abiotic factor determine the reproduction, establishment and has an effect on many species in the Baltic Sea in general and the fjord specifically.
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