Das Teilvorhaben der Universität Konstanz im Rahmen des C/sells Gesamtvorhabens gliedert sich in drei wesentliche Teilbereiche. Zunächst soll durch eine beratende Beteiligung im Teilprojekt 2 (Umfeldgestaltung) des Gesamtvorhabens die Leitidee des C/sells Projektes erarbeitet und konkretisiert werden. Darauf folgt die Umsetzung im Teilprojekt 7 des Gesamtvorhabens (Realisierungen von Prosumenten für Liegenschaften in Märkten), die zum einen mittels Simulationen die Energieflexibilität der Uni-Konstanz betrachtet und zum anderen konkrete Parameteroptimierungen und Nutzerbefragungen für ein Smart-Building in Heilbronn durchführt. Zunächst wird eine Leitidee des C/sells Gesamtprojektes erarbeitet und konkretisiert, um die Richtung und Leitlinien für die folgenden Arbeiten vorzugeben. Darauf folgen die Umsetzungen im Teilprojekt 7 des Gesamtvorhabens. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf der Idee, vielfältige Infrastrukturzellen intelligent zu einem wirtschaftlich nachhaltigen Organismus zu verbinden. Bei der Energieflexibilität der Uni-Konstanz werden dazu Erkenntnisse verwertet, welche von möglichen Vermarktungsprozessen für Liegenschaften verschiedener Ausrichtungen gewonnen werden. Zudem wird im Gebäudepark der Universität Konstanz durch Simulation, Betrieb und Evaluation eine Wirtschaftlichkeitsbetrachtung für den Einsatz alternativer Energien erstellt. Im Smart-Building Heilbronn eröffnet ein hocheffizientes Geschäftshaus im Realbetrieb die Möglichkeit der Nutzungsanalyse und einen Einblick in die Akzeptanz intelligenter Haustechnik in einem Bürohaus mit 3 Parteien. Verbunden ist dies mit iMSys zur flexiblen Netzsteuerung sowie zum zeitnahen Kundenverbrauchs-Feedback mit Visualisierung aller Energieflüsse. Die über Nutzerbefragungen und Handlungsempfehlungen gesteigerte Partizipation und Akzeptanz sowie die Flexibilisierungspotentiale im Spartenverbund von Elektrizität, Wärme und Gas sind von wesentlicher Bedeutung für das Gesamtprojekt.
In the thermocline of lakes and oceans high-frequency internal waves are considered to be the major source of turbulent kinetic energy and a key process driving vertical mixing. In Lake Constance the most energetic high-frequency waves are typically solitary waves generated at the steepened front of the basin scale internal Kelvin wave. The main questions addressed in this project are how stratification, the characteristics of the internal front and lake-morphometry affect the occurrence and properties of solitary wave trains at the internal front in Lake Constance, how much energy is lost from these solitary waves and the wave front to turbulence in the open water and how the properties of solitary wave trains change along their path of propagation. The study will combine the analysis of existing data on high-frequency temperature time series from several years with a new field experiment. The empirical investigations will be complemented by numerical modeling solving the Korteweg-de Vries / Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers equation with spatially varying coefficients to simulate solitary wave trains at the internal front. The spatial differences in solitary wave amplitude, the frequency of the occurrence of solitary waves provided by the statistical analysis and the empirical estimates of energy dissipation during the passage of solitary waves will provide a basis to assess the role of solitary waves for the energy flux from basin scale motion to turbulence and for mixing in the open water.
Results from a 85 ka old sediment sequence from Lake Petén Itzá, Gutemala, show extreme cooling of the Neotropics of up to 10 C during Heinrich Events (Hodell et al., 2012) and suggest high climate sensitivity for the older sediment sections of about 200 ka. It is proposed to analyze the consequences of abrupt climate change on the stability of aquatic ecosystems over time and consequently the historical biogeography of the Peninsula Yucatán by using ostracodes as model bioindicators interlinking three major research topics. A (1) quantitative assessment of lake level changes during the past 200 ka is targeted by expanding an existing trainingset of recent ostracodes and refining transfer functions for water depth and conductivity. (2) Fossil ostracode assemblages will be used to reconstruct the ultrastructure of Late Pleistocene climate extremes and their effects on aquatic diversity of Lake Petén Itzá, and (3) to assess biogeography, phylogeography and phylogeny of freshwater ostracodes as model organisms by integrative taxonomy using morphology and molecular tools. In order to initiate research efforts on Lake Petén Itzá sediments extending beyond 85 ka a core sampling party for the Petén Itzá Scientific Drilling Project at LacCore, University of Minnesota, is proposed. This will also further strengthen the collaboration with Central America and prepare for future ICDP-drilling in Lake Junin (Peru) and planned work on Lake Chalco (Mexico Basin).
Die spezifischen Beduerfnisse von Kindern und Jugendlichen an die Nutzung des Stadt- und Strassenverkehrsraumes sind in den heutigen Verkehrskonzepten und den Planungsempfehlungen fuer die Anlage von Stadtstrassen kaum beruecksichtigt. Im Rahmen des Modellvorhabens werden diese Defizite durch einen verhaltensorientierten Untersuchungsansatz am Beispiel von ausgewaehlten Quartieren aufgezeigt und Massnahmekonzepte fuer die Umgestaltung von Strassenraeumen entwickelt. Dabei zielt das interdisziplinaer angelegte Projekt nicht allein auf eine kindergerechte Strassengestaltung und Verkehrsplanung ab; angestrebt wird vielmehr eine Integration von Stadtplanung, Freiraumplanung und Verkehrsplanung zu einem ganzheitlichen Stadtentwicklungskonzept.
The projected consequences of global climatic change are expected to negatively affect water resources availability for humankind in terms of both, quantity and quality of water. This proposed project aims at providing information about the response of dominant determinants of water quality, e.g. phytoplankton or nutrient dynamics, and basic ecosystem processes in lakes to climatic conditions as projected by climatologists. In a first phase, we extend an existing coupled hydrodynamic-ecological water quality model of Lake Constance (DYRESM-CAEDYM) for achieving a generalized model specification (long-term simulations of the reoligotrophication of Lake Constance). In a second step we study the response of the model to expected changes in climatic conditions. In advance to previous approaches we will not only investigate the effects of rising temperature (warming effect) but also the consequences of increasing variability in meteorological conditions (variability effect) on the ecosystem scale. Thirdly, we perform - for the first time - model ensemble simulations with four European water quality models for providing a quantitative estimate of model uncertainties. Finally, since we hypothesize that the variability effect has strongly negative consequences for the deep water renewal in large lakes, we conduct field studies about the deep water renewal in Lake Constance and the role of lateral processes involved therein.
Lakes have been identified as an important source of atmospheric methane. However, methane dynamics and internal pathways in lakes are not yet clear. In the littoral zone of lakes sediment temperatures are comparatively high supporting high methane production rates. Furthermore, littoral sediments are intensively disturbed by surface and internal waves which triggers and enhances the release of methane from the sediments. Thus, lake littoral zones may play a central role for the lake-wide methane emissions. This hypothesis will be tested by investigating the dynamics of methane release from littoral sediments, the diffusive and advective transport and the distribution of dissolved methane within the water body, and the lake-wide methane fluxes to the atmosphere. From the quantification of these processes the relative contribution of methane from the littoral zone to the lake-wide methane emissions can be estimated. In Lake Constance, extensive field experiments will be conducted covering a broad range of spatial and temporal scales. A special focus will be on the spatiotemporal distribution patterns, the transport processes, and the exchange of dissolved methane between the littoral zone and the open water body. These experiments will be complemented by numerical simulations of the methane dynamics conducted with a 3D hydrodynamic model that is coupled to an aquatic ecosystem model. The purpose of the numerical simulations is the estimation of lake-wide, annual emissions of dissolved methane to the atmosphere under changing boundary conditions.
The project will use analysis of long-term data, resurrection ecology and modeling to investigate the ecological and evolutionary response of an aquatic key herbivore, Daphnia, to environmental change. In addition, the results obtained will enable to estimate the consequences of the evolutionary response of Daphnia for its population dynamics, persistence and consequently, overall ecosystem dynamics. The project will analyze in detail the response of Daphnia, its food, competitors and predators to oligo-trophication in a model ecosystem, i.e., Lake Constance and additionally variability in Daphnia population dynamics in several of the best studied lakes of the world. Historical field samples from Lake Constance will be re-analyzed to study the phenotypic life history and morphological responses of Daphnia to oligo-trophication. Using resurrection ecology we will analyze the evolutionary response of Daphnia galeata life history parameters to oligo-trophication - with special emphasis on its investment into sexual reproduction/production of resting eggs as well as life history plasticity in response to invertebrate predators and declining food levels. These analyses (in combination with model simulations) will provide key data for understanding the role of Daphnia life cycle strategy (overwintering in the plankton or in resting eggs) for Daphnia persistence in permanent lakes, for the interpretation of Daphnia resting egg banks, and the evolution of the genetic variances and co-variances of life history parameters.
The quantification of possible climate change effects on hydrological systems is of great scientific and practical importance. Even recent advances in regional climate modeling do not allow a direct use of their output for detailed modeling of hydrological and hydrodynamical systems. The reasons for this are the high spatial and temporal resolution of the required data, and due to the non-linearity of the systems the probability density functions have to be well represented - not just means (and variances). In the framework of the suggested research, a new downscaling model for wind speed and direction will be developed. This model will then be used in combination with precipitation and temperature downscaling models to obtain input fields for the hydrodynamical modeling of Lake Constance and the hydrological modeling of an adjacent mesoscale catchment.
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