Das Projekt "C/sells - Das Energiesystem der Zukunft im Sonnenbogen Süddeutschlands, Teilvorhaben: Intelligente Zellen für ein intelligentes Netz" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich für Physik.Das Teilvorhaben der Universität Konstanz im Rahmen des C/sells Gesamtvorhabens gliedert sich in drei wesentliche Teilbereiche. Zunächst soll durch eine beratende Beteiligung im Teilprojekt 2 (Umfeldgestaltung) des Gesamtvorhabens die Leitidee des C/sells Projektes erarbeitet und konkretisiert werden. Darauf folgt die Umsetzung im Teilprojekt 7 des Gesamtvorhabens (Realisierungen von Prosumenten für Liegenschaften in Märkten), die zum einen mittels Simulationen die Energieflexibilität der Uni-Konstanz betrachtet und zum anderen konkrete Parameteroptimierungen und Nutzerbefragungen für ein Smart-Building in Heilbronn durchführt. Zunächst wird eine Leitidee des C/sells Gesamtprojektes erarbeitet und konkretisiert, um die Richtung und Leitlinien für die folgenden Arbeiten vorzugeben. Darauf folgen die Umsetzungen im Teilprojekt 7 des Gesamtvorhabens. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf der Idee, vielfältige Infrastrukturzellen intelligent zu einem wirtschaftlich nachhaltigen Organismus zu verbinden. Bei der Energieflexibilität der Uni-Konstanz werden dazu Erkenntnisse verwertet, welche von möglichen Vermarktungsprozessen für Liegenschaften verschiedener Ausrichtungen gewonnen werden. Zudem wird im Gebäudepark der Universität Konstanz durch Simulation, Betrieb und Evaluation eine Wirtschaftlichkeitsbetrachtung für den Einsatz alternativer Energien erstellt. Im Smart-Building Heilbronn eröffnet ein hocheffizientes Geschäftshaus im Realbetrieb die Möglichkeit der Nutzungsanalyse und einen Einblick in die Akzeptanz intelligenter Haustechnik in einem Bürohaus mit 3 Parteien. Verbunden ist dies mit iMSys zur flexiblen Netzsteuerung sowie zum zeitnahen Kundenverbrauchs-Feedback mit Visualisierung aller Energieflüsse. Die über Nutzerbefragungen und Handlungsempfehlungen gesteigerte Partizipation und Akzeptanz sowie die Flexibilisierungspotentiale im Spartenverbund von Elektrizität, Wärme und Gas sind von wesentlicher Bedeutung für das Gesamtprojekt.
Das Projekt "Wettbewerb Zukunftsstadt - Planungs- und Umsetzungskonzept der Vision 2030+ (2. Phase) - Smart wachsen: Qualität statt Quadratmeter" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Stadt Konstanz, Stadtverwaltung.
Das Projekt "Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1006: Bereich Infrastruktur - Internationales Kontinentales Bohrprogramm (ICDP); International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP), Sub project: Effects of Abrupt Climate Change on Ice Age Ecosystem of Lake Petén Itzá and on Distribution Patterns of Ostracodes across the Yucatan Peninsula" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, Institut für Geosysteme und Bioindikation.Results from a 85 ka old sediment sequence from Lake Petén Itzá, Gutemala, show extreme cooling of the Neotropics of up to 10 C during Heinrich Events (Hodell et al., 2012) and suggest high climate sensitivity for the older sediment sections of about 200 ka. It is proposed to analyze the consequences of abrupt climate change on the stability of aquatic ecosystems over time and consequently the historical biogeography of the Peninsula Yucatán by using ostracodes as model bioindicators interlinking three major research topics. A (1) quantitative assessment of lake level changes during the past 200 ka is targeted by expanding an existing trainingset of recent ostracodes and refining transfer functions for water depth and conductivity. (2) Fossil ostracode assemblages will be used to reconstruct the ultrastructure of Late Pleistocene climate extremes and their effects on aquatic diversity of Lake Petén Itzá, and (3) to assess biogeography, phylogeography and phylogeny of freshwater ostracodes as model organisms by integrative taxonomy using morphology and molecular tools. In order to initiate research efforts on Lake Petén Itzá sediments extending beyond 85 ka a core sampling party for the Petén Itzá Scientific Drilling Project at LacCore, University of Minnesota, is proposed. This will also further strengthen the collaboration with Central America and prepare for future ICDP-drilling in Lake Junin (Peru) and planned work on Lake Chalco (Mexico Basin).
Das Projekt "Effects of climate warming and increased meteorological variability on large monomictic lakes - a simulation approach using ecological lake models" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH - UFZ, Department Seenforschung.The projected consequences of global climatic change are expected to negatively affect water resources availability for humankind in terms of both, quantity and quality of water. This proposed project aims at providing information about the response of dominant determinants of water quality, e.g. phytoplankton or nutrient dynamics, and basic ecosystem processes in lakes to climatic conditions as projected by climatologists. In a first phase, we extend an existing coupled hydrodynamic-ecological water quality model of Lake Constance (DYRESM-CAEDYM) for achieving a generalized model specification (long-term simulations of the reoligotrophication of Lake Constance). In a second step we study the response of the model to expected changes in climatic conditions. In advance to previous approaches we will not only investigate the effects of rising temperature (warming effect) but also the consequences of increasing variability in meteorological conditions (variability effect) on the ecosystem scale. Thirdly, we perform - for the first time - model ensemble simulations with four European water quality models for providing a quantitative estimate of model uncertainties. Finally, since we hypothesize that the variability effect has strongly negative consequences for the deep water renewal in large lakes, we conduct field studies about the deep water renewal in Lake Constance and the role of lateral processes involved therein.
Das Projekt "The role of littoral zones as source of methane in lakes: Dynamics, distribution patterns, and emissions" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft / Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Biologie, Limnologisches Institut, Arbeitsgruppe Umweltphysik.Lakes have been identified as an important source of atmospheric methane. However, methane dynamics and internal pathways in lakes are not yet clear. In the littoral zone of lakes sediment temperatures are comparatively high supporting high methane production rates. Furthermore, littoral sediments are intensively disturbed by surface and internal waves which triggers and enhances the release of methane from the sediments. Thus, lake littoral zones may play a central role for the lake-wide methane emissions. This hypothesis will be tested by investigating the dynamics of methane release from littoral sediments, the diffusive and advective transport and the distribution of dissolved methane within the water body, and the lake-wide methane fluxes to the atmosphere. From the quantification of these processes the relative contribution of methane from the littoral zone to the lake-wide methane emissions can be estimated. In Lake Constance, extensive field experiments will be conducted covering a broad range of spatial and temporal scales. A special focus will be on the spatiotemporal distribution patterns, the transport processes, and the exchange of dissolved methane between the littoral zone and the open water body. These experiments will be complemented by numerical simulations of the methane dynamics conducted with a 3D hydrodynamic model that is coupled to an aquatic ecosystem model. The purpose of the numerical simulations is the estimation of lake-wide, annual emissions of dissolved methane to the atmosphere under changing boundary conditions.
Das Projekt "Eco-evolutionary responses and feedbacks of a key herbivore to lake oligotrophication" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Konstanz, Limnologisches Institut.The project will use analysis of long-term data, resurrection ecology and modeling to investigate the ecological and evolutionary response of an aquatic key herbivore, Daphnia, to environmental change. In addition, the results obtained will enable to estimate the consequences of the evolutionary response of Daphnia for its population dynamics, persistence and consequently, overall ecosystem dynamics. The project will analyze in detail the response of Daphnia, its food, competitors and predators to oligo-trophication in a model ecosystem, i.e., Lake Constance and additionally variability in Daphnia population dynamics in several of the best studied lakes of the world. Historical field samples from Lake Constance will be re-analyzed to study the phenotypic life history and morphological responses of Daphnia to oligo-trophication. Using resurrection ecology we will analyze the evolutionary response of Daphnia galeata life history parameters to oligo-trophication - with special emphasis on its investment into sexual reproduction/production of resting eggs as well as life history plasticity in response to invertebrate predators and declining food levels. These analyses (in combination with model simulations) will provide key data for understanding the role of Daphnia life cycle strategy (overwintering in the plankton or in resting eggs) for Daphnia persistence in permanent lakes, for the interpretation of Daphnia resting egg banks, and the evolution of the genetic variances and co-variances of life history parameters.
Das Projekt "Properties of solitary wave trains at internal fronts in Lake Constance" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Konstanz, Limnologisches Institut.In the thermocline of lakes and oceans high-frequency internal waves are considered to be the major source of turbulent kinetic energy and a key process driving vertical mixing. In Lake Constance the most energetic high-frequency waves are typically solitary waves generated at the steepened front of the basin scale internal Kelvin wave. The main questions addressed in this project are how stratification, the characteristics of the internal front and lake-morphometry affect the occurrence and properties of solitary wave trains at the internal front in Lake Constance, how much energy is lost from these solitary waves and the wave front to turbulence in the open water and how the properties of solitary wave trains change along their path of propagation. The study will combine the analysis of existing data on high-frequency temperature time series from several years with a new field experiment. The empirical investigations will be complemented by numerical modeling solving the Korteweg-de Vries / Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers equation with spatially varying coefficients to simulate solitary wave trains at the internal front. The spatial differences in solitary wave amplitude, the frequency of the occurrence of solitary waves provided by the statistical analysis and the empirical estimates of energy dissipation during the passage of solitary waves will provide a basis to assess the role of solitary waves for the energy flux from basin scale motion to turbulence and for mixing in the open water.
Das Projekt "Influence of bottom-up, top-down and external forces on compensatory dynamics - a model study related to plankton data of Lake Constance" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Potsdam, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Arbeitsgebiet Ökologie, Ökosystemmodellierung.Our overall goal is to understand how planktonic trait diversity influences the stability of lake ecosystem functions. The latter is influenced by the degree of covariation among component populations which may be related to functional similarity of ecological traits between plankton populations. In particular, we aim to understand how competition, abiotic forcing and grazing impact the relationship between species covariation and their functional similarity. After having analyzed observational phytoplankton data in this respect we want to extend our conceptual understanding using a suitable dynamic model comprising the interactions between diverse predator and prey communities. We will employ a factorial manipulation of the model parameters which govern the relative strength of competition, abiotic environmental forcing and grazing to generate insights and new hypotheses about relationships between the functional similarity and the covariation among phytoplankton morphotypes and among various groups of zooplankton (ciliates, rotifers, cladocerans, copepods). The latter differ with respect to factors likely influencing the relationship between functional and dynamic similarity such as grazing selectivity, metabolic rates, and susceptibility to abiotic forcing. In a later step these conceptual insights will be related to long-term lake data sets.
Das Projekt "Interplay between energy, mineral and biochemical constraints of herbivores in the pelagic food web of Lake Constance" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Konstanz, Limnologisches Institut.Understanding trophic interactions and food web regulation and their response to anthropogenetically altered nutrient and climate conditions demands information on the food quantity and quality. Stoichiometric theory suggests that the ratio between carbon (C, surrogate for energy) and essential nutrients, e.g. phosphorus (P), determines the food quality of primary producers for consumers. As recent studies showed that a shortage of essential fatty acids can also reduce food quality, we intend to extend the existing stoichiometric theory by additionally considering potential growth limitations by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). For this purpose already available comprehensive long-term data on plankton abundance, production, and C and P fluxes of the pelagic food web of Lake Constance shall be combined with new laboratory measurements of species-specific, nutrient- and temperature-dependent fatty acid contents of major algal species, and with field measurements of plankton abundance and size-fractionated C, P and fatty acid contents in Lake Constance. This enables to estimate the contribution of different functional groups to the fluxes of energy, minerals and fatty acids throughout the food web, and to develop hypotheses on the interplay of consumer growth limitations by energy, nutrients and/or distinct PUFAs, which shall then be explicitly tested experimentally. This improves our ability to understand the response of individual plankton groups and the entire food web to the past decades of re-oligotrophication, and to predict future reactions to altered nutrient and climate conditions.
Das Projekt "Stochastic downscaling precipitation temperature and wind fields in high spatial and temporal resolution for hydrodynamical and hydrological modeling" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Wasser- und Umweltsystemmodellierung.The quantification of possible climate change effects on hydrological systems is of great scientific and practical importance. Even recent advances in regional climate modeling do not allow a direct use of their output for detailed modeling of hydrological and hydrodynamical systems. The reasons for this are the high spatial and temporal resolution of the required data, and due to the non-linearity of the systems the probability density functions have to be well represented - not just means (and variances). In the framework of the suggested research, a new downscaling model for wind speed and direction will be developed. This model will then be used in combination with precipitation and temperature downscaling models to obtain input fields for the hydrodynamical modeling of Lake Constance and the hydrological modeling of an adjacent mesoscale catchment.
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