Das Projekt "Sustainable use of fruits of Bertholletia excelsa" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hamburg, Arbeitsbereich für Weltforstwirtschaft und Institut für Weltforstwirtschaft des Friedrich-Löffler-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Tiergesundheit durchgeführt. Objectives: Bertholletia excelsa Humb. and Bonpl. is one of the protected tree species of Amazonia in Brazil although classified as vulnerable acc. to IUCN. It is prohibited to fell trees and use their timber. However, the fruits, commonly known as Brazil nuts, can be harvested for local consumption and export. The objective of the project is to investigate a natural primary forest in Roraima, Brazil and assess the commercial potential for harvesting nuts, with special reference to international sustainability criteria. Although there has been no timber harvest in the forest in the past, nuts have been collected extensively by the local population - mainly for sale on the local markets. These activities were stopped in 2004. The research is closely connected to the natural forest management project. Results: Results are not yet available. However, preliminary data analyses reveal that - there is hardly any correlation between size of mother trees and available regeneration or available fruit mass located on the ground around those trees; - the amount of nuts per tree (approx. greater than 60 cm dbh) is very variable; - regeneration (seedlings and advanced growth) is sparse which makes long-term survival of the species questionable if collection of nuts in continued like in the past.
Das Projekt "Technical Support for the revision of ecolabel and green public procurement GPP Criteria Lot 1" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Öko-Institut. Institut für angewandte Ökologie e.V. durchgeführt. The project's objective is to support JRC IPTS in revising the existing Ecolabel and GPP criteria of personal computers and notebook computers. The priority in this revision process is to first analyse which of the existing criteria and the supporting evidence are still valid and to identify the additional research that should be carried out. Potential additional criteria can be developed, if identified as necessary in the course of the study. The study starts with a definition of the scope; the necessarity for new or revised Ecolabel and GPP criteria is based on a market analysis and a technical analysis with research on the most significant environmental impacts during the whole life cycle of the products. This also includes the application of a consistent methodological approach regarding the hazardous substances criteria. Based on these findings, the improvement potential will be derived resulting in a proposal for a revised Ecolabel and GPP criteria set for desktop and notebook computers which will be discussed in a European stakeholder process.
Das Projekt "Asessing the potential of various instruments for sutainable consumption practises and greening of the market (ASCEE)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Institut für ökologische Wirtschaftsforschung (IÖW) GmbH durchgeführt. The main objectives are : - to identify, structure and assess instruments addressing and promoting sustainable consumption and greening of the market; - to identify and evaluate best practice examples; - to develop policy strategies for transferring best practices; - to carry out a workshop; - to finalise insights by preparing a guideline for policy makers; - to prepare a scientific report and a summary. After a prephase connected with an internal kick-off meeting, the first phase analyses policy instruments, measures and actions and the gained experiences in WP 2 ' Basic instrumental overview . The instrumental overview is intended to be of a broader nature to collect insights into existing, but also discussed, proposed and/or rejected tools which have lead or could lead to a greening of the markets by addressing supply and/or demand. We will concentrate on promising tools and actions. The gained and collected information will be assessed along certain criteria developed beforehand in WP 3 'Assessment . WP 4 'Best practises and market transformation patterns will bring together the most instructive findings and consider what could be learned from them. The key question behind that approach is to look for the patterns behind successful greening strategies. The second phase is dedicated to the potentials for transferring of the results and their dissemination. WP 5 'Extension and transfer strategies picks up the results of the preceding work. It considers the findings and prepares strategies for the transfer of promising approaches. Results and proposals will be documented and discussed at a one-day workshop (WP 6 'Workshop ) which will collect insights, opinions and experiences of a broader auditorium. The discussion and results of the workshop will be documented and will contribute to the update of the preliminary findings. WP 7 'Dissemination brings together all findings and insights. Here we will prepare guidelines, a report, including a summary. Prime Contractor: Institut für Ökologische Wirtschaftsforschung GgmbH; Berlin; Germany.
Das Projekt "Technical Support for the revision of ecolabel and green public procurement GPP Criteria Lot 4" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Öko-Institut. Institut für angewandte Ökologie e.V. durchgeführt. The project's objective is to support JRC IPTS in revising the existing Ecolabel and GPP criteria of televisions. The priority in this revision process is to first analyse which of the existing criteria and the supporting evidence are still valid and to identify the additional research that should be carried out. Potential additional criteria can be developed, if identified as necessary in the course of the study. The study starts with a definition of the scope; the necessarity for new or revised Ecolabel and GPP criteria is based on a market analysis and a technical analysis with research on the most significant environmental impacts during the whole life cycle of the products. This also includes the application of a consistent methodological approach regarding the hazardous substances criteria. Based on these findings, the improvement potential will be derived resulting in a proposal for a revised Ecolabel and GPP criteria set for televisions which will be discussed in a European stakeholder process.
Das Projekt "Advice on the Proposed Ecological Criteria for Personal Computers" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Ökopol Institut für Ökologie und Politik GmbH durchgeführt.
Das Projekt "Forest Ecosystems: Vulnerability Assessment of Goods and Services (ForEVAS)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung e.V. durchgeführt. The overall aim of the project ForEVAS is the evaluation of the exposure and sensitivity of goods and services provided by the forest sector to global change, the analysis of the adaptation capacity of forestry to future global change and the role of forestry in mitigation and adaptation strategies at regional scales. The demand for forest goods and services is determined by a wide array of user groups (as forest owners, ground water administration, general public seeking recreation, consumers of wood and fibre products, groups interested in nature conservation). At the same time the object of climate impact, i.e. the forests with a given species-composition and structure, are the result of landscape and forest management measures. Therefore, the capacity for adaptation to climate change has to be described in the context of a multi-purpose, multi-user setting. ForEVAS will analyse vulnerability based on indicators, criteria and decisions on demand and preferred management options that are assessed in a dialogue with user groups. To do this, methods of scenario analyses with simulation models, of multi-criteria analysis, and uncertainty analysis of decision making with regard to the adaptive measures will be applied.
Das Projekt "Leichte Solarpanele aus amorphem Silizium" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Physikalische Elektronik durchgeführt. Objective: New process route for lightweight, unbreakable and economically feasible solar panels on the basis of amorphous silicon. Results: From a number of canditates enamel-coated steel sheet as substrate and an organic barrier as protective layer was chosen as an alternative to the dual glass panels. Criteria were vacuum compatibility, surface rougness and insulating properties. This concept requires that the production order of the thin film solar cell is reversed into back electrode, active stack, front transparent electrode. Inverted processes and low temperature processes were investigated in parallel. Protection against damage due to permeating water was reduced with an improved organic barrier coating. Also, less vulnerable back electrode materials were studied. Fluorine doped tin oxide, tin-doped indiumoxide and aluminium-doped zinc oxide were studied. However, the best and most economical results were optained with ITO. For monolithic integration mechanical masking and laser scribing were investigated. Mechanical masking failed due to the uneveness of the enamel surface. Laser scribing is possible due to the diminished power need with each consecutive layer. Some concepts for better light capture (texturing, optical coatings) were investigated. Based on the inverted process route small scale and full scale panels were manufactured and tested. Ultimately, the full scale failed due to the built-up of stress which caused delamination and could not sufficiently be reduced. The panel costs of the new route proved very similar to the existing product, but required an additional investment in vacuum deposition equipment. Surprisingly, ITO with recycling proved to be the most cost effective transparent electrode material.
Das Projekt "Entscheidungs- und Planungshilfe für den Einsatz von Mikro-Gasturbinen in kmU" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Hochschule Aachen, Fakultät Maschinenwesen, Institut für Thermodynamik, Lehrstuhl für Technische Thermodynamik durchgeführt. Ziel des von der AiF geförderten Projektes ist es, einen Leitfaden zur Entscheidungs- und Planungshilfe für den wirtschaftlichen Einsatz von Mikro-Gasturbinen in kmU zu erstellen. Diese herstellerneutrale Analyse soll den kmU diese neue Technologie nahe bringen und ihnen eine Untersuchung der Einsatz- und Nutzungsmöglichkeiten im eigenen Unternehmen ermöglichen. Im Rahmen des Projektes werden zum einen umfangreiche Messungen an einer Mikro-Gasturbine durchgeführt, um detaillierte Kenntnisse über das Betriebsverhalten zu erhalten. Zu diesem Zweck hat das IUTA eine Mikro-Gasturbine erworben und in ihr eigenes Energieversorgungsnetz integriert. Hier wird die neue Technologie vor allem zur Bereitstellung von Prozesswärme über Thermoöl eingesetzt, womit sie die erste in Deutschland installierte Mikro-Gasturbine zur Prozesswärmeerzeugung ist. Zum anderen wird die Mikro-Gasturbine theoretisch analysiert. Hier werden einerseits Studien durchgeführt, welche möglichen Einsatzbereiche zur Prozesswärmeerzeugung in der Praxis gegeben sind, wobei neben thermodynamischen Untersuchungen insbesondere Wirtschaftlichkeitsanalysen im Vordergrund stehen. Zudem wird bei den theoretischen Untersuchungen die Frage geklärt ob der Einsatz von Mikro-Gastubinen mit variablem Rekuperator-Bypass, zur Anpassung an den Wärmebedarf, gegenüber dem Einsatz mit voller Rekuperation und nachgeschalteter Zufeuerung sinnvoll ist. Vom LTT werden die folgenden Aufgaben bearbeitet: Projektstudien: Im Rahmen des Projektes werden folgende Einsatzbereiche der Mikro-Gasturbine genauer analysiert: Dampf-Erzeugung, Thermo-Öl- und Warmwassererheitzung für Temperaturen größer als 100 Grad C, Direkttrocknung und Kopplungsmöglichkeiten von Mikro-Gasturbinen mit Absorptionskälteanlagen. Hierbei werden Branchen auf den Der Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt auf der Analyse konkreter Anwendungsfälle aus der Praxis, wobei die Beispiele sowohl aus energetischer als auch aus wirtschaftlicher Sicht betrachtet werden. Rekuperator-Bypass: Da nur die Anlagen des Herstellers Bowman über einen Rekuperator-Bypass zur Anpassung an den thermischen Bedarf verfügen, wird diese Einsatz-Variante mit der Möglichkeit des voll rekuperierten Betriebes mit nachgeschalteter Zufeuerung untersucht. Hierbei werden sowohl energetische exergetische als auch wirtschaftliche Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Einsatzmöglichkeiten in km U: Ziel dieses Arbeitspunktes ist das Ausarbeiten von Kriterien für den Einsatz von Mikro-Gasturbinen in kmU. Dabei werden die aus den vorherigen Untersuchungen erarbeiteten Erkenntnisse konkret für kmU zusammengefasst. Aus den an beiden Forschungsstellen erhaltenen Erkenntnissen werden anschließend die folgenden Aufgaben gemeinsam bearbeitet: Ermittlung von Entwicklungspotenzialen, Identifikation relevanter kmU für den Einsatz von Mikro-Gasturbinen, Erstellung eines Leitfadens zur Entscheidungs- und Planungshilfe, Verbreitung der Entscheidungs- und Planungshilfe:
Das Projekt "Improvement of forest management key strategies: a contribution to conservation and sustainable land use" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität München, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Lehrstuhl für Waldbau durchgeführt. In spite of a variety of efforts, tropical forests are still threatened by exploitation and conversion to agricultural land-use. Besides legal protection, sustainable management concepts are essential for stable conservation of these ecosystems. This project aims at identifying and optimizing the potentials for forest management for three different ecosystems (Dry Forest, Tropical Mountain Rain Forest, Paramo) along a height- and climate gradient in Southern Ecuador. Therefore, multiple and locally differentiated aspects of forest management have to be considered: the direct provision of goods (timber and non-timber forest products) as well as ecosystem services (carbon sequestration, water regulation), which are of increasing importance; moreover, the effects of forest management on biodiversity and the impacts of climate change on resilience indicators and the potential distribution of selected species with high potential for sustainable management or conservation should be investigated. First of all, the most important forest structure types and possible improvements of management alternatives have to be identified at the three sites for the assessment of different management concepts. The alternatives will be tested on experimental field plots and consequently monitored for their impacts on the locally most important criteria of forest management. A sound decision support tool will be developed, taking into account uncertainties with regard to input parameters and the relevance of different criteria of forest management. Therefore, Multi Criteria Decision Analysis will be used to generate locally adapted management concepts for the different ecosystems. Those concepts should be able to consider the multiple functions of forest management and will represent the forestry component in sustainable land-use models. The comprehensive studies will be carried out in close cooperation with other scientific teams from Germany and Ecuador as well as local institutions of relevance for forest management. The direct involvement of Ecuadorian students and young academics and the integration of the investigations in educational concepts will contribute to capacity building and local efforts for the enhancement of environmental competencies. Moreover, the experimental field plots will serve in parts as demonstration objects for the implementation of sustainable forest management concepts.
Das Projekt "Development of an auditing system for forest management projects in the Brazilian Amazon" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Freiburg, Waldbau-Institut durchgeführt. Auch in Amazonien ist gesetzlich eine pflegliche und nachhaltige Waldbewirtschaftung vorgeschrieben. Deren Umsetzung bedarf allerdings einer effektiven Kontrolle durch die zuständige Umweltbehörden. Dafür fehlten aber bisher objektive und einfach handhabbare Instrumente. Auf der Grundlage von sogenannten Kriterien und Indikatoren zur Messung von Nachhaltigkeit wurde nun gemeinsam mit IBAMA ein solches Instrument entwickelt, getestet und implementiert. Seit dem Jahr 2007 wird es von der brasilianischen Forstbehörde zur Evaluierung von Forstmanagementprojekten in ganz Amazonien eingesetzt.
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