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The final goal of the EUROWET project is to integrate the substantial multidisciplinary European research in wetlands to help attain the sustainable management of the water cycle. This will be achieved by the translation of state-of-the art science developed at both national and European levels, into practical guidance for end-users. This will be achieved by a comprehensive review, expert assessment and a focussed dissemination strategy. There is considerable scientific knowledge and technical experience gained in diverse aspects of wetland science and management including hydrology, biogeochemistry, ecology restoration, socio-economic and policy analysis. However the results of research and management experience are still too fragmentary and not sufficiently orientated to problem-solving or simply inadequately framed to be effectively transferred to, or used by, stakeholders and policy-makers. Simultaneously the general outcome of the scientific research has been increased awareness of the significance of wetlands in delivering goods and services important for human welfare including quality of life, biodiversity conservation and maintenance or enhancement of environment quality. Despite this wetlands continue to be degraded and lost throughout Europe without adequate consideration of the wider benefits to be achieved from this management. The new Water Framework Directive (WFD) promotes a unique opportunity to redress this problem by means of the holistic, integrated approach to water management. There is currently in preparation horizontal guidance on Wetlands as part of the Common Implementation Strategy (CIS) process. There is however work still to be done on providing more specific scientific and technical guidance on the effective implementation of the Directive with respect to wetlands. This is particularly the case in relation to Integrated River Management, the CIS cluster within which wetlands are being considered in the WFD.
Nach der Abschaffung des australischen Emissionshandelssystems durch die neue australische Regierung ist zwar das für 2018 geplante Linking des europäischen mit dem australischen Emissionshandel unwahrscheinlich geworden. In anderen Ländern werden aber weiterhin Emissionshandelssysteme ausgestaltet und implementiert. Das Linking verschiedener Kohlenstoffmärkte bleibt somit ein relevantes zukunftsweisendes Thema. Aufbauend auf bestehende Arbeiten sollen die Kriterien für ein erfolgreiches Linking von Emissionshandelssystemen weiterentwickelt werden (z. B. ökologische Wirksamkeit bzw. Integrität und Stringenz, Abbau von Wettbewerbsverzerrungen, Verteilungswirkungen, Investitionsanreize). Im weiteren Verlauf des Projekts sollen ökonomische Kennzahlen bestimmt werden, mit deren Hilfe anhand von vorhandenen bzw. zu ermittelnden Daten (z.B. Baseline der Emissionsentwicklung, Wirtschafts-/Bevölkerungsentwicklung, Vermeidungspotenziale und -kosten, Handelsintensität zwischen den Linking-Partnern, etc.) eine Analyse der ökonomischen Auswirkungen des Linkings zweier Emissionshandelssysteme vorgenommen werden kann. Zudem sollen ergänzend zu den Arbeiten laufender UFOPLAN Projekte die aktuellen Entwicklungen in anderen relevanten Themenfeldern (z.B. Cap Bestimmung, Register, Allokationsregeln, Marktaufsicht, Marktregulierung, Umfang Offsetnutzung) untersucht und insbesondere die Ausgestaltungsmerkmale identifiziert werden, die vor einem Linking harmonisiert werden müssten bzw. langfristig konvergieren sollten. Aus diesen grundsätzlichen Arbeiten soll anschließend eine Methode zur strukturierten Bewertung eines Linkings entwickelt werden, die praxisorientiert und einfach in der Handhabung ist und als Orientierungshilfe in Form eines Handbuchs oder excel-basiertem Tool dokumentiert werden sollen. In einem weiteren Arbeitsschritt sollen die Kriterien und die Bewertungsmethode exemplarisch an ein bis zwei im Laufe des Projekts festzulegenden Beispielen überprüft werden.
CULT-STRAT will establish a scientific reference for developing strategies for policy and decision-makers on European and national levels within the CAFE Programme and for heritage managers for strategic decisions at local level. It will do this through a choice of material indicators and pollution threshold levels based on best available scientific data including deterioration models, spatial distribution and mapping of pollutants and of stock of materials at risk, cost estimates, comparison studies off different conservation approaches. Damage caused to objects of cultural heritage belongs to the most serious among the detrimental effects of anthropogenic air pollutants as it endangers a vital part of the European identity. There is therefore an urgent need to include the impact of pollutants on cultural heritage alongside the human health and parts of the ecosystem that are already concerned in the EU Directives on urban air quality. This is especially relevant for the CAFE (Clean Air for Europe) programme of the Commission and the Community interventions through the 'Culture 2000' framework programme and the structural funds. The overall aim is to identify material indicators and threshold levels of pollutants to be used for development of strategies for sustainable maintenance and preventive conservation of European cultural heritage and air quality policy to reduce damage. The models will permit ranking of the effects of pollutants on corrosion and soiling of materials. The air pollution models will be related to local fluxes, including indoor concentrations. The stock of cultural heritage materials at risk in selected areas (Paris, Rome, Florence, Prague, Madrid, and Berlin) will be used for assessment and mapping of areas where cultural heritage objects are endangered. Prime Contractor: Korrosionsinstitutet Sci AB, R&D Department Atmospheric Corrosion, Stockholm SE.
Aiming at solution and prevention of actual and future environmental problems, EU policy resulted in many Directives concerning water and soil. Moreover, the Commission of the European Communities composed a paper 'Toward a Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection' and set up a tight time schedule. Despite of above mentioned legislative efforts an effective EU-wide approach to the problem of site remediation and groundwater contamination is hindered by a number of problems described by the CLARINET Working Group on Co-ordination of RTD on an European level: There is little synergy at EU level between national and EU RTD programmes, leading to a serious overlap of research projects and parallel expenditures and less efficient use of limited resources. The broad dissemination of project results through national RTD programmes at an European level is very modest and fragmented. percent These are the starting points of SNOWMAN-Era-Net: What do we HAVE? The consortium will produce a sound overview on programmes and their contents and management in the field specified. A database containing all relevant information will be produced and analysed. What do we WANT? A Vision Paper will define the goal of European research activities in this specific field of environmental research. How can we GET co-operation NOW? ? Specification of next steps, short- and medium-term, preparing ground in order to reach the overall goal of ERANET, i.e. to implement and conduct a research programme on bi-/multilateral level throughout Europe. Suitable tools (like uniform evaluation criteria etc.) will be developed in Working group meetings and collected within a summary report. Knowledge dissemination will be supported by a close linkage with the EUGRIS project. On this portal, all findings produced within SNOWMAN will be published and made available to a wider community. On interpersonal level, networking with the European Soil Policy Working Group or Cost activities will be maintained.
By the end of 2004 the Commission is required to provide report on the possibility to maintain, or not, cadmium, in the exemption list of Directive 2000/53 on End-of-Life Vehicles. The SUBAT proposal aims to make a comprehensive and complete assessment of commercially available and forthcoming battery technologies in the world, including Ni-Cd, on the basis of: - a technical assessment comparing their performances for full EV and HEV (specific energy and power, proven cycle life and calendar life, life cycle cost analysis, operation at extreme temperature, charge acceptance, maintenance, safety, energetically efficiency of the battery systems, availability of recycling process at industrial stage, operation during applications); SUBAT will also take into account the status of these batteries as to their availability as commercial products; - an environmental assessment in order to be able to give them an environmental score which can designate them as being a sustainable solution or not; A life-cycle-analysis approach will investigate availability of primary materials, environmental impact of extraction and manufacturing of the battery, emissions from the battery during use, release of components in case of accident, recycling of active materials, production of non-recyclable waste and environmental impact of recycling processes; - an economical assessment with both a micro-economical analysis of production, manufacturing cost of the batteries, forecast cost for the consumers and a macro-economical study to take into account the position of battery manufacturers on the global market, assessing European vs. non-European products and influence on the European trade balance. Through this multidisciplinary approach, SUBAT will allow to define an overall view of all aspects of the automotive battery market, in order to provide the Commission with a valuable policy support tool that will assist in tracing the pathways for the future sustainable transport.
Ausgangslage / Zielstellung / Methodik des Vorhabens: Das europäische System für den Handel mit Treibhausgasemissionen stellt einen Eckpfeiler der europäischen Klimaschutzanstrengungen dar. Aufbauend auf den Erfahrungen der ersten beiden Handelsperioden sollen für die Zeit ab 2013 weitreichende Änderungen am System vorgenommen werden. In der Novelle der Emissionshandelsrichtlinie 2003/87/EG, die bis Ende 2008 beschlossen werden soll, zeichnen sich u.a. folgende Änderungen ab: Einführung eines EU-weiten Caps mit festgelegtem jährlichen Minderungspfad; Auktionierung als grundlegende Zuteilungsmethode; kostenlose Zuteilung nur noch als Übergangslösung, vorauss. auf Grundlage von europaweit harmonisierten, produktspezifischen Benchmarks; Einbeziehung weiterer Sektoren wie Flugverkehr und (perspektivisch) Schifffahrt; stärkere internationale Einbindung und ggf. Verknüpfung mit anderen EH-Systemen (linking). Hinzu kommt die Frage, in welchem Umfang der EH zu Verlagerungen von Produktion und Emissionen außerhalb Europas führen kann (Leakage), und wie diesen Tendenzen begegnet werden kann. Auch von Belang ist die Frage nach Wechselwirkungen zwischen EH und anderen Instrumenten. Das Forschungsvorhaben dient der wissenschaftlichen Unterstützung des BMU als federführender Stelle innerhalb der BReg und der DEHSt als vollziehender Behörde. Darin sollen wissenschaftlich fundierte Vorschläge erarbeitet werden, wie die oben beschriebenen Änderungen in der EH-RL praktisch umgesetzt werden können. Zudem soll die Bundesregierung im Komitologie-Verhandlungsprozess zur Ausgestaltung einzelner Regelungen durch Analysen unterstützt werden.
Technical scenario: Olive production is a significant economic sector in southern Member States, especially in Spain, Italy, Greece and Portugal. However, the extraction process involved in olive oil production generates non biodegradable phytotoxic waste, and is therefore a significant source of pollution. Despite the introduction in the 90s of improved separation systems such as 2-phase centrifugation system, that reduce both water use and the quantities of liquid residues produced, the problems of waste toxicity, high energy consumption and the disposal of final residues remain. Olive oil production gives a final waste consisting in a solid and very humid by-product called alperujo (AL) or Olive wet cake. The problem of AL disposal has not been fully resolved and research into new technological procedures that permit its profitable use is needed. In addition, these wastes also contain valuable resources such as phenolic compounds, (approximately 53Prozent in olive oil mill waste waters), characterised by different biological activity properties which could be of interest in industry (i.e. their strong antioxidant activity). Current extraction of these compounds is not available from olive oil waste water, since technology is not fully developed and optimised to get large scale prototyping such as Pilot plant stage. Proposed solution: We propose a method focused on both treatment of olive waste waters with by anaerobic digestion transforming biomass into biogas, basically Methane, and extraction from liquid fraction of valuable products, such as polyphenols. vSynergy between these technologies will allow overcome technical barriers such as polyphenol inactivation of the digestion process, making more efficient the process and letting a higher purity of the waste water product.
Das Projekt besteht in der laufenden rechtlichen und ökonomischen Beratung in Fragen des Emissionshandels und anderer klimaschutzrechtlicher Instrumente. Schwerpunkte bilden der Review zur Verbesserung der Emissionshandels-Richtlinie, die Einbeziehung des Flugverkehrs in den Emissionshandel, das CO2-Einlagerungsgesetz, die Überführung des TEHG in das UGB V sowie Rechtsfragen der Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung. Es werden die ökonomische Stimmigkeit der Instrumente und ihre Auswirkungen auf Umwelt und Wirtschaft untersucht. Weiterhin werden die Gesetzesentwürfe auf Verfassungsmäßigkeit, Gesetzgebungstechnik und Zusammenspiel mit dem bestehenden Rechtsrahmen geprüft.
The adoption of the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive 91/271/EEC imposes the sewage sludge to be subsequently treated so it is expected by 2005 to increase twofold in comparison whit 1992. However, classical incineration to treat this vast amount of sludge must be no longer accepted from an environmental point of view. In addition, the Sewage Sludge Directive 86/278/EEC regulates the uses and properties of stabilised sludge for being either recycled or disposed. Both directives drive specific actions in two complementary ways. Firstly, a deep knowledge of current sludge treatment, such as mesophilic, thermophilic or autothermophilic processes, must be promoted to solve that problem in the UE ambit, taking in account the particular considerations of each treatment facility. In second place, the development of new processes must be supported to open new alternatives that could valorise that waste.The proposal aims at developing strategies for the disposal and reuse of waste sludge. The scope envisages to develop several processes for reducing both amount and toxicity of sludge, with simultaneous transformation into green energy vectors such as methane or hydrogen. In outline, mesophilic and mainly thermophilic and autothermophilic conditions will be deeply explored as classical alternatives for sludge stabilisation, assuring sanitary conditions of the treated sludge. Also, valuable materials will be obtained from sludge, such as activated carbons, which will be used in conventional adsorption processes and in innovative advanced oxidation processes.The main outcomes expected at the end of the projects are guidelines for technology selection in agreement with the geographic, economic and technical characteristics of the sewage plants, demonstration of the feasibility of new applications for the sewage sludge, manufacturing of activated carbon from sludge sewage as innovative recycling of sludge waste, and a deep understanding of the methods involved. Prime Contractor: Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
Many current water-related RTD projects have already established operational links with practitioners, in several catchments / river basins, which allow the needs of policymakers to be taken into account. However, experience has shown that this interrelationship is not as efficient as it could / should be. Often, RTD results are not easily available to policy oriented implementer (policymakers) and, vice versa, research scientists may lack insight in the needs of policymakers. This project proposes a number of concrete actions to bridge these gaps in communication by developing and implementing a science-policy interface, focusing on setting up a mechanism to enhance the use of RTD results in the Water Framework Directive (WFD) implementation. As a first action, existing science-policy links will be investigated. RTD and LIFE projects that are of direct relevance for the implementation of the WFD will be identified and analysed. The results of these projects will be extracted, translated and synthesised in a way that can efficiently feed the WFD implementation. Secondly, an information system (WISE-RTD Web Portal) will be further developed to cater for an efficient and easy to use tool for dissemination as well as retrieval of RTD results. The Web Portal will be tested in 4 selected river basins to better tune the product to the needs of WFD stakeholders, policymakers and scientists. In parallel, the Web Portal will be disseminated to WFD stakeholders. This dissemination will focus on how to better access and use the RTD results and practical experiences. As third action, this science-policy interfacing of WFD related topics will be extended to non-EU countries taking into account their specific needs. An assessment of recent practices and needs of non-EU countries, together with an in-depth analysis of the operational needs in two Mediterranean pilot river basins, will allow to prepare recommendations for an efficient transfer of knowledge. Prime Contactor; Hydroscan NV; Leuven; Belgium.
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