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PARAFAC components and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) indices on organic matter transformation processes in the sea-surface microlayer and the underlying water during a mesocosm phytoplankton bloom in 2023

The effects of a phytoplankton bloom and photobleaching on colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the sea-surface microlayer (SML) and the underlying water (ULW) were studied in a month-long mesocosm study, in May and June of 2023, at the Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM) in Wilhelmshaven, Germany. The mesocosm study was conducted by the DFG research group BASS (Biogeochemical processes and Air–sea exchange in the Sea-Surface microlayer, Bibi et al., 2025) in the Sea Surface Facility (SURF) of the ICBM. The facility contains an 8 m × 1.5 m × 0.8 m large outdoor basin with a retractable roof, which was closed at night and during rain events. The basin was filled with North Sea water from the adjacent Jade Bay. Homogeneity of the ULW in the basin was achieved by constant mixing of the water column. The daily SML and ULW samples were collected alternating in the morning, about 1 h after sunrise, and in the afternoon, about 10 h after sunrise. The alternation of sampling times intended to capture a potential effect of sun-exposure duration on DOM transformations and elucidated the day and night variability of the layers. The SML was collected via glass plate sampling (Cunliffe and Wurl, 2014). The ULW was sampled via a submerged tube and a connected syringe suction system in 0.4 m depth. The removed sample volume was refilled with Jade Bay water every day. SML and ULW samples were filtered through pre-flushed 0.7 µm Whatman GF/F and 0.2 nucleopore filters into clear 40 ml SUPELCO bottles. These bottles were acid-washed twice and combusted at 500 °C for 5 h. The samples were stored dark and at 4 °C and measured within a few months of the study. FDOM was measured using a Aqualog fluorescence spectrometer (Horiba Scientific, Japan) with 10 seconds integration time and high gain of the CCD (charge-coupled device) sensor within an excitation range from 240 to 500 nm, and an emission range from 209.15 to 618.53 nm. The Aqualog measures fluorescence as well as absorption. The resulting data includes an excitation-emission-matrix (EEM) of the blank (MilliQ Starna cuvette), an EEM of the sample, and the absorption values of the sample. The raw exported Aqualog data was corrected for errors and lamp shifts. The corrected EEM data is then decomposed by PARAFAC (Murphy et al., 2013) for its underlying fluorophore components. Before running the PARAFAC routine, the corrected data needed to undergo a correction process by subtracting the blank from the sample EEM and canceling the influences of the inner-filter effect (IFE, Parker & Rees, 1962; Kothawala et al., 2013). The fluorescence intensity of the IFE-corrected EEM is calibrated by using the Raman scatter peak of water (Lawaetz & Stedmon, 2009). For PARAFAC the corrected data was processed using the drEEM and NWAY toolbox (version 0.6.5; Murphy et al., 2013) in MATLAB (R2020b). A 4-component model was validated with the validation style S4C6T3 for the split half analysis with nonnegativity constraints and 1-8e as the convergence criteria with 50 random starts and a maximum number of 2500 iterations. The resulting final model had a core consistency of 82.04 and the explained percentage was 99.54%. Furthermore, four fluorescence indices were calculated from the corrected EEM data (HIX – Humification index, Zsolnay et al., 1999; BIX – Biological index, Huguet et al., 2009; REPIX – Recently produced index, Parlanti et al., 2000, Drozdowska et al., 2015; ARIX, Murphy, 2025).

ANT 2015/16: AWI airborne Radio-Echo Sounding data western DML over the Maud Belt and Ekström Ice Shelf (GEA-V-FMA project)

This dataset contains airborne radar data acquired using the AWI EMR system (Nixdorf et al., 1999) during the Arctic season of 2015. The profiles extend western DML over the Maud Belt and Ekström Ice Shelf to investigate the geodynamic evolution of East Antarctica, the Forster magnetic anomaly (GEA-V-FMA). The data are available as netCDF files (including waveforms and metadata), KML files of the profile line locations, and quicklook images of the radargrams.

5-minütige Stationsmessungen des Niederschlages für Deutschland

Diese Daten stammen von den Stationen des DWD und rechtlich sowie qualitativ gleichgestellten Partnernetzen. Umfangreiche Stationsmetadaten (Stationsverlegungen, Instrumentenwechsel, Wechsel der Bezugszeit, Änderungen in den Algorithmen) werden beim Download mitgeliefert. Der Datensatz ist aufgeteilt in: - Verzeichnis ./historical/ , einen versionierten Teil mit abgeschlossener Qualitätsprüfung - Verzeichnis ./recent/ , einen sich täglich aktualisierenden Teil, für den die Qualitätsprüfung noch nicht abgeschlossen ist - Verzeichnis ./now/ , einen sich stündlich aktualisierenden Teil, für den die Qualitätsprüfung noch nicht abgeschlossen ist - Verzeichnis ./metadata/ einen sich täglich aktualisierenden Teil mit den Metadaten zu den Stationen, ihren Instrumenten und Messvorschriften

Stündliche Stationsmessungen des Niederschlags für Deutschland

Diese Daten stammen von den Stationen des DWD und rechtlich sowie qualitativ gleichgestellten Partnernetzen. Umfangreiche Stationsmetadaten (Stationsverlegungen, Instrumentenwechsel, Wechsel der Bezugszeit, Änderungen in den Algorithmen) werden beim Download mitgeliefert. Der Datensatz ist aufgeteilt in einen versionierten Teil mit abgeschlossener Qualitätsprüfung, im Verzeichnis ./historical/. Und einen sich kontinuierlich aktualisierenden Teil, für den die Qualitätsprüfung noch nicht abgeschlossen ist, im Verzeichnis ./recent/. In dem Ordner ./timeseries_overview/ stehen Angaben zu langen Zeitreihen zur Verfügung.

Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption coefficients in the sea-surface microlayer and the underlying water during a mesocosm phytoplankton bloom in 2023

The effects of a phytoplankton bloom and photobleaching on colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the sea-surface microlayer (SML) and the underlying water (ULW) were studied in a month-long mesocosm study, in May and June of 2023, at the Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM) in Wilhelmshaven, Germany. The mesocosm study was conducted by the DFG research group BASS (Biogeochemical processes and Air–sea exchange in the Sea-Surface microlayer, Bibi et al., 2025) in the Sea Surface Facility (SURF) of the ICBM. The facility contains an 8 m × 1.5 m × 0.8 m large outdoor basin with a retractable roof, which was closed at night and during rain events. The basin was filled with North Sea water from the adjacent Jade Bay. Homogeneity of the ULW in the basin was achieved by constant mixing of the water column. The daily SML and ULW samples were collected alternating in the morning, about 1 h after sunrise, and in the afternoon, about 10 h after sunrise. The alternation of sampling times intended to capture a potential effect of sun-exposure duration on DOM transformations and elucidated the day and night variability of the layers. The SML was collected via glass plate sampling (Cunliffe and Wurl, 2014). The ULW was sampled via a submerged tube and a connected syringe suction system in 0.4 m depth. The removed sample volume was refilled with Jade Bay water every day. SML and ULW samples were filtered through pre-flushed 0.7 µm Whatman GF/F and 0.2 nucleopore filters into brown bottles and were stored dark and at 4 °C until measurement within weeks of the study. The brown bottles were previously combusted at 500 °C. CDOM was measured with three liquid waveguide capillary cells (LWCC, WPI, USA) of different pathlengths (10 cm, 50 cm, 250 cm) to increase the measurement sensitivity following the protocols of Röttgers et al. (2024) using a spectral detector (Avantes, Netherlands) for a total spectral range from 230 to 750 nm. A sodium chloride (NaCl) solution was used for the salinity correction. The blank-corrected absorbance spectra were then converted into Napierian absorption coefficients (Bricaud et al., 1981).

Compilation of major and trace element concentrations in mesopelagic and other species from the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea

Organisms accumulate major and trace elements (including metals) directly from the external environment and/or indirectly through diet. As such, their elemental composition can help to infer dietary preferences, solve trophic links and/or inform quantitative dietary analysis primarily based on carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes or on fatty acids (Lahaye et al. 2005, Ramos and González-Solís 2012, Soto et al. 2016, Majdi et al. 2018). This dataset reports the total concentrations of 30 major and trace elements analysed in whole bodies or in the muscle tissue of 82 unique species or genera characteristic of meso- to bathypelagic waters (referred as “mesopelagic”) or living on the continental shelf (referred as “other”). The species encompass jellyfish, crustaceans, cephalopods, fish, and were collected in North Atlantic and Mediterranean areas between 1968 and 2018. When available, the sampling method/gear as well as the sampling depth are specified. For the element mercury (Hg), the concentration of organic forms (referred as methyl-Hg) is also given when available, as well the percentage of these organic forms (% methyl-Hg) relative to total Hg. A column specifies whether concentrations are expressed on a dry weight or wet weight basis (weight of the animal tissue after being dried or containing water, respectively). All element concentrations given on a wet weight basis can be converted on a dry weight basis (and vice-versa if necessary) according to the percentages of moisture given for each sample analysed (when available). Data were compiled from 27 published studies/papers for which DOI are indicated, for further details and information on the samples analysed and/or the analytical techniques used.

Raster der Monatssumme des Niederschlags in mm für Deutschland - HYRAS-DE-PRE

Diese Raster sind ein abgeleitetes Produkt von HYRAS-DE-PRE. HYRAS-DE-PRE ist ein Niederschlagsprodukt für Deutschland in einem 1 km x 1 km Raster für den Zeitraum 1931 bis Vortag und basiert auf täglichen Messwerten der Niederschlagshöhe. Der Datensatz kann beispielweise zur Analyse des vergangenen Klimas, zur Bias-Adjustierung von regionalisierten Klimaprojektionsdaten und als Eingangsdaten für die hydrologische Modellierung verwendet werden.

Raster der Tagessumme des Niederschlags in mm für Deutschland - HYRAS-DE-PRE

HYRAS-DE-PRE ist ein Niederschlagsprodukt für Deutschland in einem 1 km x 1 km Raster für den Zeitraum 1931 bis Vortag und basiert auf täglichen Messwerten der Niederschlagshöhe. Der Datensatz kann beispielweise zur Analyse des vergangenen Klimas, zur Bias-Adjustierung von regionalisierten Klimaprojektionsdaten und als Eingangsdaten für die hydrologische Modellierung verwendet werden.

Raster der Niederschlagssumme in mm für Deutschland - HYRAS-DE-PR

Diese Raster sind ein abgeleitetes Produkt von HYRAS-DE-PR. HYRAS-DE-PR ist ein Niederschlagsprodukt für Deutschland in einem 1 km x 1 km Raster für den Zeitraum 1931 bis Vortag und basiert auf täglichen Messwerten der Niederschlagshöhe. Der Datensatz kann beispielweise zur Analyse des vergangenen Klimas, zur Bias-Adjustierung von regionalisierten Klimaprojektionsdaten und als Eingangsdaten für die hydrologische Modellierung verwendet werden.

Raster der Niederschlagssumme in mm für Deutschland - HYRAS-DE-PR v6-1

Diese Raster sind ein abgeleitetes Produkt von HYRAS-DE-PR. HYRAS-DE-PR ist ein Niederschlagsprodukt für Deutschland in einem 1 km x 1 km Raster für den Zeitraum 1931 bis Vortag und basiert auf täglichen Messwerten der Niederschlagshöhe. Der Datensatz kann beispielweise zur Analyse des vergangenen Klimas, zur Bias-Adjustierung von regionalisierten Klimaprojektionsdaten und als Eingangsdaten für die hydrologische Modellierung verwendet werden.

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