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Global compilation of the first occurrence of Gephyrocapsa huxleyi and other Gephyrocapsa species from sediment core samples

The data compilation includes the first occurrence of G. huxleyi and other species of Gephyrocapsa as revealed by Quaternary sediment samples from the world oceans. This new synthesis includes previously published data, all with rigorous relationships of their emergence events with marine isotope stages based on good quality oxygen isotope stratigraphy and/or astronomical tuning from each sediment core.

Lipid class composition of mesopelagic fish from the North Atlantic Ocean and the Western Mediterranean Sea

Mesopelagic fish collected during 3 field campaigns in 2020 were analysed for their lipid content. The sampling was conducted on 5 main locations; 2 stations in the Western Mediterranean Sea (September/October), 4 stations in the North Atlantic off the Iberian Peninsula (October), 4 stations in the Irminger Sea (July), 5 stations in the Iceland Basin (July) and 4 stations in the Northern Norwegian Sea (May). The fish were collected at distinct depth intervals, with different trawl types depending on the vessel. The database consists of 28 mesopelagic fish species belonging to 9 families and 5 genera. For each record, length and wet weight of the fish analysed is recorded with the wax ester (WE), triacylglycerol (TAG) and phospholipid (PL) values as % of total lipids (TL). Each data record is associated with information on the sampling location, geographic coordinates, month and year of sample collection, sampling gear and depth, taxonomic ranks (phylum, class, order, family), and number and replicates analysed. The lipids were extracted following Folch's extraction method (Folch et al. 1957), which was implemented on whole fish or a weighted sub-sample of a homogenized whole fish. Individual lipid classes were separated by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). A lipid sample was spotted onto silica-coated quartz rods, (chromarods; SES GmbH) and the lipid classes separated by development in two solvent systems: hexane/diethyl ether/acetic acid (60:17:0.2, by volume) followed by hexane/diethyl ether (96:4 vol/vol). The analysis was performed using an Iatroscan MK 5 TLC-FID analyser.

Mediterranean Karst Aquifer Map 1:5,000,000 (MEDKAM) (WMS)

Karst aquifers constitute important freshwater resources, but are challenging to manage and to protect, because of their unique hydraulic structure and behaviour, representing continuous challenges for research and development. Karst aquifers are widespread and contribute to freshwater supply of most Mediterranean countries and many cities are supplied by karst water, e.g., Rome, Vienna, Montpellier and Beirut. These land surfaces correspond to the main recharge zones of karst aquifers, which are often hydraulically connected over large areas and are highly vulnerable to contamination. The preparation of the Mediterranean Karst Aquifer Map (MEDKAM) generally followed the workflow used for the World Karst Aquifer Map (WOKAM). A new lithological classification has been developed for the MEDKAM, similar to that of the WOKAM, which groups the geological units into four meaningful hydrogeological units: 1). Karst aquifers in sedimentary and metamorphic carbonate rocks. 2). Karst aquifers in evaporite rocks. 3). Various hydrogeological settings in other sedimentary and volcanic formations (karst aquifers are possibly present at depth). 4). Local, poor and shallow aquifers in other metamorphic rocks and igneous rocks (no karst aquifers present at depth).

Mediterranean Karst Aquifer Map 1:5,000,000 (MEDKAM)

Karst aquifers constitute important freshwater resources, but are challenging to manage and to protect, because of their unique hydraulic structure and behaviour, representing continuous challenges for research and development. Karst aquifers are widespread and contribute to freshwater supply of most Mediterranean countries and many cities are supplied by karst water, e.g., Rome, Vienna, Montpellier and Beirut. These land surfaces correspond to the main recharge zones of karst aquifers, which are often hydraulically connected over large areas and are highly vulnerable to contamination. The preparation of the Mediterranean Karst Aquifer Map (MEDKAM) generally followed the workflow used for the World Karst Aquifer Map (WOKAM). A new lithological classification has been developed for the MEDKAM, similar to that of the WOKAM, which groups the geological units into four meaningful hydrogeological units: 1). Karst aquifers in sedimentary and metamorphic carbonate rocks. 2). Karst aquifers in evaporite rocks. 3). Various hydrogeological settings in other sedimentary and volcanic formations (karst aquifers are possibly present at depth). 4). Local, poor and shallow aquifers in other metamorphic rocks and igneous rocks (no karst aquifers present at depth).

Cabo de Gata-Nίjar Natural Park, Spain (2005) - a (hyperspectral) dataset for active participation in the HYPERedu MOOC on soil applications

The dataset contains a subset of an airborne hyperspectral HyMap image over the Cabo de Gata-Nίjar Natural Park in Spain from 15.06.2005, and soil wet chemistry data based on in-situ soil sampling. The Cabo de Gata-Nίjar Natural Park is a semi-arid mediterranean area in Southern Spain, sparsely populated and with a range of landscape patterns. The soils in this area are developed on volcanic and carbonatic bedrocks and are highly variable in their textural and mineralogical composition, offering interesting spectral variability. The airborne survey was acquired during a DLR / HyVista HyEurope campaign. The image dataset is fully processed for atmospheric and geometric correction with PARGE and ATCOR and is provided as orthorectified reflectance in BSQ format. Spatial resolution is 5 m and spectral coverage is 0.45-2.45 μm with 12-17 nm spectral sampling. In addition to the HyMap imagery, this dataset contains two soil reference datasets as CSV files, namely in-situ data for clay content and iron content. The dataset is made publicly available as part of the Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) "Beyond the Visible - Imaging Spectroscopy for Soil Applications ", available from Spring 2024. Guidance on how to derive semiquantitative and quantitative soil maps (clay and iron content) using the EnMAP-Box (QGIS plugin) EnSoMAP tool are provided as videos at the HYPERedu YouTube channel (https://www.youtube.com/@HYPERedu_GFZ/playlists) and the soil MOOC course pages (https://eo-college.org/courses/beyond-the-visible-imaging-spectroscopy-for-soil-applications/).

Compilation of data to assess trophic interactions in mesopelagic food webs in the central and Northeast Atlantic, and in the Mediterranean Sea

Mesopelagic organisms play a critical role in marine ecosystems, channelling energy and organic matter across food webs and serving as the primary prey for many open-ocean predators. Nevertheless, trophic pathways involving mesopelagic organisms are poorly understood and their contribution to food web structure remains difficult to assess (St. John et al., 2016). Existing data to assess mesopelagic feeding interactions and energy transfer are scattered in the literature or remain unpublished, making it difficult to locate and use such datasets. As part of the EU funded project SUMMER - Sustainable Management of Mesopelagic Resources H2020-BG-2018-2, GA: 817806) (https://summerh2020.eu/), we created MesopTroph, a georeferenced database of diet, trophic biogeochemical markers, and energy content of mesopelagic organisms and other marine taxa from the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea, compiled from 191 published and non-published sources. MesopTroph includes seven datasets: (i) diet compositions from stomach content analysis, (ii) stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C and δ15N), (iii) fatty acid trophic markers (FATM), (iv) major and trace elements, (v) energy density, (vi) estimates of diet proportions, and (vii) trophic positions. The database contains information from 4918 samples, representing 51119 specimens from 499 species or genera, covering a wide range of trophic guilds and taxonomic groups. Metadata provided for each record include the location, dates and method of sample collection, taxonomic ranks (phylum, class, order, family), number and size (or size range) of sampled organisms, method/model used in data analysis, reference and DOI of the original data source. Compiled data were checked for errors, missing information, and to avoid duplicate entries, and scientific names and taxonomy were standardized.

Response of the microbial food web to gradients of organic matter and grazing pressure and multi-stressor effect in incubation experiments in three different marine ecosystems: Patagonia, Arctic and Mediterranean

The data-sets comes from three locations representative of three different marine ecosystems: Fjord (Chilean Patagonia), Ny-Ålesund (Arctic) and Mediterranean (Crete). It contains chemical and biological data collected in three mesocosm and four microcosm experiments conducted in the spring - summer period, in which the physico-chemical (pH, Carbon) and biological (grazing) conditions were altered to represent potential future climate change scenarios. The data-sets contains measurements in: carbonate chemistry, macro- and micro-nutrients concentrations, primary production, phytoplankton taxonomy, virus abundance, bacterial production, bacterial abundance, Zoo- and microzoo-plankton abundance, grazing rates for different taxonomic groups.

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