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ARK 2018: AWI airborne ultra-wideband microwave radar data at and upstream of 79°N Glacier, northeast Greenland Ice Sheet (RESURV 79 Project)

This dataset contains airborne radar data acquired using the AWI ultra-wideband microwave radar (UWBM) during the Arctic season of 2018. The profiles extend across the Greenland Ice Sheet over and upstream of 79°N Glacier (Nioghalvfjerdsbræ; northeast Greenland). Furthermore, one flight extends over sea ice northeast of the Greenland Ice Sheet. The data are available as netCDF files (including waveforms and metadata), KML files of the profile line locations, and quicklook images of the radargrams. For every profile we provide four radar products (img_01, img_02, img_03, img_04), which correspond to the four polarizations (VV, VH, HH, HV).

Von Biodiversität zu Ökosystemfunktionen; Möglichkeiten für die Integration des Meeresbodens in MPA Management, Vorhaben: Meiofauna Diversität und Modellierung

Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 527: Bereich Infrastruktur - International Ocean Discovery Program, Teilprojekt: Dynamik der Oberflaechen- und Zwischenwassermassen im Pleistozänen subantarktischen Pazifik (IODP Expedition 383 - DYNAPACC)

Veränderungen im subantarktischen Südozean und ihre Wechselwirkungen mit der Atmosphäre werden als Schlüsselkomponenten für das Verständnis des Klimawandels auf orbitalen bis millennialen Zeitskalen angesehen. Schwankungen der Meereisbedeckung, Ozeanstratifizierung, biologischen Nährstoffnutzung und Ventilation von Zwischen- und Tiefwasser spielen eine Schlüsselrolle bei natürlichen Schwankungen pleistozäner atmosphärischer CO2-Konzentrationen. Wir planen, die Variabilität des Südozean-Zwischenwassers (SOIW) während der letzten ca. 1,5 Ma zu rekonstruieren in Bezug auf (1) Meeresoberflächen- und Thermoklinen-Stratifizierung, Temperatur- und Salzgehaltschwankungen (2) Ventilation und Karbonatchemie im Vergleich zu Zirkumpolarem Tiefenwasser (CDW) und daraus resultierende Kohlenstoffkreislauf-Änderungen, (2) mögliche Verbindungen zu niederen Breiten durch sog. Ozeantunnel. Wir verwenden einen Planktonforaminiferen Multispezies-Ansatz, bei dem stabile Isotope (18O, 13C, 11B) und Element-Geochemie (Mg/Ca, B/Ca) kombiniert werden. Unter Verwendung sowohl von oberflächennahen als auch tiefer in Thermoklinen bzw. Zwischenwasser lebenden Arten, kann eine Rekonstruktion der oberen ca. 500m Wassersäule erreicht werden, basierend auf zwei IODP-Sites, erbohrt während Expedition 383: U1541 vom pelagischen Ostpazifikrücken, und U1542 vom chilenischen Kontinentalrand. Frühere Arbeiten haben unterschiedliche Entwicklungen zwischen Oberflächen- und Thermoklinen-Charakteristika gezeigt, die auf Variationen der glazial-interglazialen SOIW Bildung oder lateraler Advektion hinweisen, möglicherweise verbunden mit Veränderungen der Westwinde. Stabile Kohlenstoffisotope werden verwendet, um die paläochemische Vorgeschichte zwischen SOIW und dem oberen Ozean zu rekonstruieren, während delta11B-Messungen Einblicke in Veränderungen der Carbonatchemie liefern sollen. Um eine zonale Rekonstruktion, als auch einen hochauflösenden Einblick in die sub-millenniale SOIW-Dynamik zu erhalten, soll IODP-Site U1542 Informationen über physikalischen Konditionierung und biogeochemischen Eigenschaften von SOIW liefern. SOIW versorgte potenziell die niederen pazifischen Breiten über den Ozeantunnel-Mechanismus mit Nährstoffen, die für die Steigerung der biologischen Primärproduktivität dort von entscheidender Bedeutung sind. Diese aus dem Süden stammende Nährstoffleckage wurde durch Zwischenwasserkonstruktionen aus dem Nordpazifik in Frage gestellt und ist Gegenstand anhaltender Debatten. Die beschriebenen Analysen werden durch hochauflösende XRF-Kernscandaten an beiden Sites ergänzt, um Änderungen der Produktivität, SE-Pazifischen Gyre und des antarktischen Zirkumpolarstrom in die Ergebnis-Interpretation einzubinden.

Multibeam bathymetry processed data (EM 1002 echosounder entire dataset) of RV MARIA S. MERIAN during cruise MSM51/1

Swath sonar bathymetry data used for that dataset was recorded during RV MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM51/1 using Kongsberg EM1002 multibeam echosounder. The cruise took place between 01.02.2016 and 27.02.2016 in the Baltic Sea. The cruise aimed to perform seismo- and hydroacoustic surveys, sampling of Holocene sediments and to investigate the water column wintertime mixing close to sea-ice limits. These surveys improved the understanding of variations in the ventilation of the deeper Baltic, considering not only external climate forcing but also the effects of postglacial sealevel rise and isostatic uplift [CSR]. CI Citation: Paul Wintersteller (seafloor-imaging@marum.de) as responsible party for bathymetry raw data ingest and approval. During the MSM51-1 cruise, the moonpooled KONGSBERG EM1002 multibeam echosounder (MBES) was utilized to perform bathymetric mapping in shallow depths. 111 beams are formed for each ping while the seafloor is detected using amplitude and phase information for each beam sounding. For further information on the system, consult https://www.km.kongsberg.com/. Postprocessing and products were conducted by the Seafloor-Imaging & Mapping group of MARUM/FB5, responsible person Paul Wintersteller (seafloor-imaging@marum.de). The open source software MB-System (Caress, D. W., and D. N. Chayes, MB-System: Mapping the Seafloor, https://www.mbari.org/products/research-software/mb-system, 2017) was utilized for this purpose. A sound velocity correction profile was applied to the MSM51-1 data; there were no further corrections for roll, pitch and heave applied during postprocessing. A tide correction was applied, based on the Oregon State University (OSU) tidal prediction software (OTPS) that is retrievable through MB-System. CTD measurements during the cruise were sufficient to represent the changes in the sound velocity throughout the study area. Using Mbeditviz, artefacts were cleaned manually. NetCDF (GMT) grids of the edited data as well as statistics were created with mbgrid. The published bathymetric EM1002 grid of the cruise MSM51-1 has a resolution of 15 m. No total propagated uncertainty (TPU) has been calculated to gather vertical or horizontal accuracy. A higher resolution is, at least partly, achievable. The grid extended with _num represents a raster dataset with the statistical number of beams/depths taken into account to create the depth of the cell. The extended _sd -grid contains the standard deviation for each cell. The DTMs projections are given in Geographic coordinate system Lat/Lon; Geodetic Datum: WGS84.

Temperature measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2022T97

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference profiles were measured through the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean using a SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy equipped with a several meter long thermistor chain. The present dataset was recorded by SIMBA 2022T97 (original name NPOL_0803) installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during the expedition Kronprins Haakon AO22 in 2022. Data is available between 2022-08-06 10:38:00 and 2022-11-22 03:02:00. The thermistor chain was Variable 5 m long and included 241 sensors with a regular spacing of 2 cm. The resulting time series includes the evolution of temperature and temperature differences at 30 s and 120 s during a heating cycle of 120 s as a function of location, depth and time. The sampling intervals were usually between hourly and daily, but were most frequently configured to 6 hours for temperature, and 24 hours for temperature differences. In addition to temperatures and geographic location, barometric pressure, ~1 m air temperature, instrument tilt, and compass heading were measured. The present dataset was processed as follows: obvious inconsistencies (missing values) and unrealistic values of GPS position have been removed. This instrument was deployed as part of the project Arctic Passion.

Temperature measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2018T51

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference profiles were measured through the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean using a SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy equipped with a several meter long thermistor chain. The present dataset was recorded by SIMBA 2018T51 (original name Awi_33r) installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during the expedition Oden AO18 in 2018. Data is available between 2018-08-23 15:50:00 and 2019-03-30 13:31:00. The thermistor chain was Variable 5 m long and included 240 sensors with a regular spacing of 2 cm. The resulting time series includes the evolution of temperature and temperature differences at 30 s and 120 s during a heating cycle of 120 s as a function of location, depth and time. The sampling intervals were usually between hourly and daily, but were most frequently configured to 6 hours for temperature, and 24 hours for temperature differences. In addition to temperatures and geographic location, barometric pressure, ~1 m air temperature, instrument tilt, and compass heading were measured. The present dataset was processed as follows: obvious inconsistencies (missing values) and unrealistic values of GPS position have been removed. This instrument was deployed as part of the project Sea Ice Physics @ AWI (AWI_SeaIce).

Heating induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2019T57: 120 s after the start of the heating cycle

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference profiles were measured through the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean using a SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy equipped with a several meter long thermistor chain. The present dataset was recorded by SIMBA 2019T57 (original name FMI05-08) installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during the expedition Polarstern PS122 (MOSAiC) in 2019/20. Data is available between 2019-10-07 03:00:00 and 2020-01-18 02:00:00. The thermistor chain was Variable 5 m long and included 241 sensors with a regular spacing of 2 cm. The resulting time series includes the evolution of temperature and temperature differences at 30 s and 120 s during a heating cycle of 120 s as a function of location, depth and time. The sampling intervals were usually between hourly and daily, but were most frequently configured to 6 hours for temperature, and 24 hours for temperature differences. In addition to temperatures and geographic location, barometric pressure, ~1 m air temperature, instrument tilt, and compass heading were measured. The present dataset was processed as follows: obvious inconsistencies (missing values) and unrealistic values of GPS position have been removed. This instrument was deployed as part of the project FMI.

Temperature measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2018T55

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference profiles were measured through the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean using a SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy equipped with a several meter long thermistor chain. The present dataset was recorded by SIMBA 2018T55 (original name FMI_0505) installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during the expedition Fedorov Transdrift XXIV (TICE) in 2018. Data is available between 2018-09-15 10:00:00 and 2020-04-04 03:00:00. The thermistor chain was Variable 5 m long and included 241 sensors with a regular spacing of 2 cm. The resulting time series includes the evolution of temperature and temperature differences at 30 s and 120 s during a heating cycle of 120 s as a function of location, depth and time. The sampling intervals were usually between hourly and daily, but were most frequently configured to 6 hours for temperature, and 24 hours for temperature differences. In addition to temperatures and geographic location, barometric pressure, ~1 m air temperature, instrument tilt, and compass heading were measured. The present dataset was processed as follows: obvious inconsistencies (missing values) and unrealistic values of GPS position have been removed. This instrument was deployed as part of the project FMI.

Heating induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2019T57: 30 s after the start of the heating cycle

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference profiles were measured through the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean using a SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy equipped with a several meter long thermistor chain. The present dataset was recorded by SIMBA 2019T57 (original name FMI05-08) installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during the expedition Polarstern PS122 (MOSAiC) in 2019/20. Data is available between 2019-10-07 03:00:00 and 2020-01-18 02:00:00. The thermistor chain was Variable 5 m long and included 241 sensors with a regular spacing of 2 cm. The resulting time series includes the evolution of temperature and temperature differences at 30 s and 120 s during a heating cycle of 120 s as a function of location, depth and time. The sampling intervals were usually between hourly and daily, but were most frequently configured to 6 hours for temperature, and 24 hours for temperature differences. In addition to temperatures and geographic location, barometric pressure, ~1 m air temperature, instrument tilt, and compass heading were measured. The present dataset was processed as follows: obvious inconsistencies (missing values) and unrealistic values of GPS position have been removed. This instrument was deployed as part of the project FMI.

Temperature measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2019T59

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference profiles were measured through the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean using a SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy equipped with a several meter long thermistor chain. The present dataset was recorded by SIMBA 2019T59 (original name FMI05-10) installed on drifting sea ice in the Central Arctic Ocean during the expedition Polarstern PS122 (MOSAiC) in 2019/20. Data is available between 2019-10-07 07:30:00 and 2020-08-13 19:00:00. The thermistor chain was Variable 5 m long and included 241 sensors with a regular spacing of 2 cm. The resulting time series includes the evolution of temperature and temperature differences at 30 s and 120 s during a heating cycle of 120 s as a function of location, depth and time. The sampling intervals were usually between hourly and daily, but were most frequently configured to 6 hours for temperature, and 24 hours for temperature differences. In addition to temperatures and geographic location, barometric pressure, ~1 m air temperature, instrument tilt, and compass heading were measured. The present dataset was processed as follows: obvious inconsistencies (missing values) and unrealistic values of GPS position have been removed. This instrument was deployed as part of the project FMI.

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