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Temperature measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2018T51

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference profiles were measured through the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean using a SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy equipped with a several meter long thermistor chain. The present dataset was recorded by SIMBA 2018T51 (original name Awi_33r) installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during the expedition Oden AO18 in 2018. Data is available between 2018-08-23 15:50:00 and 2019-03-30 13:31:00. The thermistor chain was Variable 5 m long and included 240 sensors with a regular spacing of 2 cm. The resulting time series includes the evolution of temperature and temperature differences at 30 s and 120 s during a heating cycle of 120 s as a function of location, depth and time. The sampling intervals were usually between hourly and daily, but were most frequently configured to 6 hours for temperature, and 24 hours for temperature differences. In addition to temperatures and geographic location, barometric pressure, ~1 m air temperature, instrument tilt, and compass heading were measured. The present dataset was processed as follows: obvious inconsistencies (missing values) and unrealistic values of GPS position have been removed. This instrument was deployed as part of the project Sea Ice Physics @ AWI (AWI_SeaIce).

HATPRO microwave radiometer measurements of the surface emissions from onboard the RV POLARSTERN during the ATWAICE expedition PS131 to the Arctic in summer 2022

The data set contains daily files of microwave radiation measurements by the HATPRO microwave radiometer (see Rose et al., 2015, doi:doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2004.12.005) during a surface-observation mode onboard the RV POLARSTERN during cruise PS131 (ATWAICE expedition, see Kanzow, 2023, doi:10.57738/BzPM_0770_2023). The instrument was installed at about 22 m height at the top deck on starboard site. Via a mirror construction the radiometers were observing the surface, i.e, ocean and sea ice, at a viewing angle of about 53° off nadir for 15 min each hour. The actual viewing angle could vary by a few degrees because of ship motion. Also, on six occasions the mirror position was changed to observe at different viewing angles. The data covers the range July 7, 2022 to August 12, 2022. The radiation measurements are given as brightness temperatures in seven K band channels (22.24 - 31.4 GHz), predominantly-vertical polarization at the viewing angle, and seven V band (51.26 - 58 GHz) channels, predominantly-horizontal polarization at the viewing angle. During the cruise the instrument was calibrated with liquid nitrogen on July 7 and July 30. The data is processed with the mwr_pro software (doi:10.5281/zenodo.7973552). Quality flags characterizing the instrument and retrieval performance are set and described. The brightness temperatures are provided for all available times so that it is up to the user to decide whether or not to use the values if quality flags are set. The sanity_receiver_band1, sanity_receiver_band2 and rain_flag are rather strict and data quality might still be satisfying despite the flag being set. However, we recommend to exclude data where visual_inspection_filter_band_1, visual_inspection_filter_band_2 or visual_inspection_filter_band_3 are set.

Heating induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2019T57: 30 s after the start of the heating cycle

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference profiles were measured through the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean using a SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy equipped with a several meter long thermistor chain. The present dataset was recorded by SIMBA 2019T57 (original name FMI05-08) installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during the expedition Polarstern PS122 (MOSAiC) in 2019/20. Data is available between 2019-10-07 03:00:00 and 2020-01-18 02:00:00. The thermistor chain was Variable 5 m long and included 241 sensors with a regular spacing of 2 cm. The resulting time series includes the evolution of temperature and temperature differences at 30 s and 120 s during a heating cycle of 120 s as a function of location, depth and time. The sampling intervals were usually between hourly and daily, but were most frequently configured to 6 hours for temperature, and 24 hours for temperature differences. In addition to temperatures and geographic location, barometric pressure, ~1 m air temperature, instrument tilt, and compass heading were measured. The present dataset was processed as follows: obvious inconsistencies (missing values) and unrealistic values of GPS position have been removed. This instrument was deployed as part of the project FMI.

Temperature measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2019T59

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference profiles were measured through the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean using a SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy equipped with a several meter long thermistor chain. The present dataset was recorded by SIMBA 2019T59 (original name FMI05-10) installed on drifting sea ice in the Central Arctic Ocean during the expedition Polarstern PS122 (MOSAiC) in 2019/20. Data is available between 2019-10-07 07:30:00 and 2020-08-13 19:00:00. The thermistor chain was Variable 5 m long and included 241 sensors with a regular spacing of 2 cm. The resulting time series includes the evolution of temperature and temperature differences at 30 s and 120 s during a heating cycle of 120 s as a function of location, depth and time. The sampling intervals were usually between hourly and daily, but were most frequently configured to 6 hours for temperature, and 24 hours for temperature differences. In addition to temperatures and geographic location, barometric pressure, ~1 m air temperature, instrument tilt, and compass heading were measured. The present dataset was processed as follows: obvious inconsistencies (missing values) and unrealistic values of GPS position have been removed. This instrument was deployed as part of the project FMI.

Temperature measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2019T57

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference profiles were measured through the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean using a SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy equipped with a several meter long thermistor chain. The present dataset was recorded by SIMBA 2019T57 (original name FMI05-08) installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during the expedition Polarstern PS122 (MOSAiC) in 2019/20. Data is available between 2019-10-07 03:00:00 and 2020-01-18 02:00:00. The thermistor chain was Variable 5 m long and included 241 sensors with a regular spacing of 2 cm. The resulting time series includes the evolution of temperature and temperature differences at 30 s and 120 s during a heating cycle of 120 s as a function of location, depth and time. The sampling intervals were usually between hourly and daily, but were most frequently configured to 6 hours for temperature, and 24 hours for temperature differences. In addition to temperatures and geographic location, barometric pressure, ~1 m air temperature, instrument tilt, and compass heading were measured. The present dataset was processed as follows: obvious inconsistencies (missing values) and unrealistic values of GPS position have been removed. This instrument was deployed as part of the project FMI.

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2018T51

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference profiles were measured through the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean using a SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy equipped with a several meter long thermistor chain. The present dataset was recorded by SIMBA 2018T51 (original name Awi_33r) installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during the expedition Oden AO18 in 2018. Data is available between 2018-08-23 15:50:00 and 2019-03-30 13:31:00. The thermistor chain was Variable 5 m long and included 240 sensors with a regular spacing of 2 cm. The resulting time series includes the evolution of temperature and temperature differences at 30 s and 120 s during a heating cycle of 120 s as a function of location, depth and time. The sampling intervals were usually between hourly and daily, but were most frequently configured to 6 hours for temperature, and 24 hours for temperature differences. In addition to temperatures and geographic location, barometric pressure, ~1 m air temperature, instrument tilt, and compass heading were measured. The present dataset was processed as follows: obvious inconsistencies (missing values) and unrealistic values of GPS position have been removed. This instrument was deployed as part of the project Sea Ice Physics @ AWI (AWI_SeaIce).

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2018T53

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference profiles were measured through the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean using a SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy equipped with a several meter long thermistor chain. The present dataset was recorded by SIMBA 2018T53 (original name FMI_0503) installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during the expedition Fedorov Transdrift XXIV (TICE) in 2018. Data is available between 2018-09-11 22:35:00 and 2020-03-31 05:00:00. The thermistor chain was Variable 5 m long and included 241 sensors with a regular spacing of 2 cm. The resulting time series includes the evolution of temperature and temperature differences at 30 s and 120 s during a heating cycle of 120 s as a function of location, depth and time. The sampling intervals were usually between hourly and daily, but were most frequently configured to 6 hours for temperature, and 24 hours for temperature differences. In addition to temperatures and geographic location, barometric pressure, ~1 m air temperature, instrument tilt, and compass heading were measured. The present dataset was processed as follows: obvious inconsistencies (missing values) and unrealistic values of GPS position have been removed. This instrument was deployed as part of the project FMI.

Temperature measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2022T97

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference profiles were measured through the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean using a SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy equipped with a several meter long thermistor chain. The present dataset was recorded by SIMBA 2022T97 (original name NPOL_0803) installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during the expedition Kronprins Haakon AO22 in 2022. Data is available between 2022-08-06 10:38:00 and 2022-11-22 03:02:00. The thermistor chain was Variable 5 m long and included 241 sensors with a regular spacing of 2 cm. The resulting time series includes the evolution of temperature and temperature differences at 30 s and 120 s during a heating cycle of 120 s as a function of location, depth and time. The sampling intervals were usually between hourly and daily, but were most frequently configured to 6 hours for temperature, and 24 hours for temperature differences. In addition to temperatures and geographic location, barometric pressure, ~1 m air temperature, instrument tilt, and compass heading were measured. The present dataset was processed as follows: obvious inconsistencies (missing values) and unrealistic values of GPS position have been removed. This instrument was deployed as part of the project Arctic Passion.

Heating induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2019T57: 120 s after the start of the heating cycle

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference profiles were measured through the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean using a SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy equipped with a several meter long thermistor chain. The present dataset was recorded by SIMBA 2019T57 (original name FMI05-08) installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during the expedition Polarstern PS122 (MOSAiC) in 2019/20. Data is available between 2019-10-07 03:00:00 and 2020-01-18 02:00:00. The thermistor chain was Variable 5 m long and included 241 sensors with a regular spacing of 2 cm. The resulting time series includes the evolution of temperature and temperature differences at 30 s and 120 s during a heating cycle of 120 s as a function of location, depth and time. The sampling intervals were usually between hourly and daily, but were most frequently configured to 6 hours for temperature, and 24 hours for temperature differences. In addition to temperatures and geographic location, barometric pressure, ~1 m air temperature, instrument tilt, and compass heading were measured. The present dataset was processed as follows: obvious inconsistencies (missing values) and unrealistic values of GPS position have been removed. This instrument was deployed as part of the project FMI.

Temperature measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2018T55

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference profiles were measured through the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean using a SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy equipped with a several meter long thermistor chain. The present dataset was recorded by SIMBA 2018T55 (original name FMI_0505) installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during the expedition Fedorov Transdrift XXIV (TICE) in 2018. Data is available between 2018-09-15 10:00:00 and 2020-04-04 03:00:00. The thermistor chain was Variable 5 m long and included 241 sensors with a regular spacing of 2 cm. The resulting time series includes the evolution of temperature and temperature differences at 30 s and 120 s during a heating cycle of 120 s as a function of location, depth and time. The sampling intervals were usually between hourly and daily, but were most frequently configured to 6 hours for temperature, and 24 hours for temperature differences. In addition to temperatures and geographic location, barometric pressure, ~1 m air temperature, instrument tilt, and compass heading were measured. The present dataset was processed as follows: obvious inconsistencies (missing values) and unrealistic values of GPS position have been removed. This instrument was deployed as part of the project FMI.

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