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Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1158: Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas; Bereich Infrastruktur - Antarktisforschung mit vergleichenden Untersuchungen in arktischen Eisgebieten, Einfluss des globalen Klimawandels auf die Stöchiometrie und zwischenartlichen Wechselwirkungen in Küstengemeinschaften des antarktischen Planktons

Die Westantarktische Halbinsel erfährt große Veränderungen der Klimabedingungen, die mit einer abnehmenden Dauer und Ausdehnung des Meereises, Änderungen der Saisonalität, einer zunehmenden Temperaturvariabilität mit zunehmender Meeresoberflächentemperatur (SST) und einer Verringerung der Salinität in Küstengebieten verbunden sind. Dadurch verändern sich auch die klimatischen Bedingungen und die Verfügbarkeit essentieller Nährstoffe wie Eisen, Stickstoff und Phosphor. Das Projekt zielt darauf ab, die interaktiven Auswirkungen mehrerer Umweltstressoren auf antarktische Planktongemeinschaften zu untersuchen. Um die zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen zu verstehen, werden Labor- und On-Board-Experimente in Kombination mit einer Feldstudie durchgeführt, um die Reaktion des Phytoplanktonwachstums, der Biomasseakkumulation und der Partikelstöchiometrie auf faktorielle Manipulationen der Temperatur (Anstieg des Mittelwerts und der Variabilität) und der Nährstoffverhältnisse zu untersuchen. Die Variation dieser Parameter führt zu einer Umweltheterogenität, die die Phytoplanktonpopulationen und damit die Struktur des Nahrungsnetzes stark beeinflusst. Das zweite Ziel ist es daher, die Folgen von Änderungen der Temperatur und der Nährstoffverfügbarkeit auf Produzentenniveau für die Konsumenten in Bezug auf Ressourceneffizienz, Biomasse und Stöchiometrie zu verstehen. Die Originalität des Projekts beruht auf dem Ansatz, die interaktiven Auswirkungen sich ändernder Ressourcen und Umweltparameter auf eine Planktongemeinschaft zu bewerten, die ein hochproduktives Nahrungsnetz in einer Kaltwasserumgebung antreibt und einen starken Einfluss auf die globale Biogeochemie hat. Insgesamt wird das Projekt dazu beitragen, unser mechanistisches Verständnis zu verbessern, wie zukünftige Änderungen der Umweltbedingungen entlang der Westantarktische Halbinsel die Planktongemeinschaften, ihre trophischen Beziehungen und ihre Funktion verändern. Dies ist entscheidend für Vorhersagen, wie das antarktische Nahrungsnetz in Zukunft auf sich ändernde Umweltbedingungen reagieren wird.

Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1158: Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas; Bereich Infrastruktur - Antarktisforschung mit vergleichenden Untersuchungen in arktischen Eisgebieten, Ein hybrides Meereismodell zur Messung des Einflusses der Kopplung von Meereis-Ozean-Atmosphäre auf der Skala von Meereisschollen auf die antarktische Meereisverteilung

Eine Reihe von Mechanismen wurden benannt, um die Abnahme und Zunahme der Meereisausdehnung im Südpolarmeer in den letzten Jahren zu erklären. Aber die Prozesse, die diese Entwicklung antreiben, sind bis jetzt noch nicht umfassend verstanden. Die Simulation des antarktischen Meereises in aktuellen Klimamodellen bleibt ein grundlegendes Problem. Es gibt einige Hinweise darauf, dass das Problem, neben der Formulierung von atmosphärischen und ozeanischen Prozesse, auch auf die Beschreibung der Meereisphysik im Südpolarmeer zurückzuführen ist. Obwohl ein großer Teil der gegenwärtigen Meereisbedeckung im Südlichen Ozean aus einer marginalen Eiszone besteht, lösen kontinuumsmechanische Meereismodelle die Meereisschollen normalerweise weder auf, noch parametrisieren sie dieses Regime und vernachlässigen somit wichtige Rückkopplungen zur Vorhersage von Klima und Wetter. Darüber hinaus ist die Anwendung von kontinuumsmechanischen Meereismodellen auf, oder unterhalb der Skala einzelner Schollen fragwürdig, da die zugrunde liegende Kontinuumsannahme dieser Meereismodelle wahrscheinlich nicht gegeben ist. In diesem Projekt möchten wir die Defizite der derzeitig verwendeten kontinuumsmechanischen Meereismodelle adressieren, indem wir ein hybrides Meereismodell entwickeln, das die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Atmosphäre, Meereis und Ozean bis zur Schollenskala explizit beschreibt. Das hybride Modell bietet einen nahtlosen Ansatz zur Vorhersage des Meereises, der von der Simulation einzelner Meereisschollen in der marginalen Eiszone bis hin zur Darstellung des Packeises reicht. Unser hybrides Modell, das Partikel- mit Kontinuumsmethoden kombiniert, wird zu einem besseren Verständnis und einer besseren Vorhersage des antarktischen Klimasystems beitragen, indem es Kopplungen zwischen Atmosphäre, Meereis und Ozean bis hin zu einer Schollenskala explizit miteinbezieht. Kleinskalige Prozesse, die sich auf einzelne Schollen beziehen, sind für das polare Klima wichtig, aber ihre Parametrisierung in kontinuumsmechanischen Meereismodellen bleibt eine offene Forschungsfrage.Um den Einfluss der schollenskaligen Wechselwirkungen auf die Entwicklung der Meereisbe-deckung im Südlichen Ozean zu analysieren, werden wir ein Diskretes-Elemente-Modell entwickeln, das auf der Beschreibung von DESIgn und dem Princeton-DEM basiert, und es in die kontinuumsmechanische Meereisformulierung im Klimamodell ICON einbetten. Unser Ziel ist, die Interaktion von Meereisschollen explizit in einem Teilgebiet wie der marginalen Eiszone darzustellen, denn es hat sich gezeigt, dass die Schollengrößenverteilung das simulierte Meereisvolumen signifikant beeinflusst. In Regionen, in denen eine hohe räumliche Auflösung nicht erforderlich ist, verwenden wir zur Simulation des Meereises das kontinuumsmechanische Modell, das ein geeigneter, recheneffizienter Ansatz ist, um die Meereisentwicklung auf großen Skalen und mit niedriger Auflösung zu beschreiben.

Temperature measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2022T97

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference profiles were measured through the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean using a SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy equipped with a several meter long thermistor chain. The present dataset was recorded by SIMBA 2022T97 (original name NPOL_0803) installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during the expedition Kronprins Haakon AO22 in 2022. Data is available between 2022-08-06 10:38:00 and 2022-11-22 03:02:00. The thermistor chain was Variable 5 m long and included 241 sensors with a regular spacing of 2 cm. The resulting time series includes the evolution of temperature and temperature differences at 30 s and 120 s during a heating cycle of 120 s as a function of location, depth and time. The sampling intervals were usually between hourly and daily, but were most frequently configured to 6 hours for temperature, and 24 hours for temperature differences. In addition to temperatures and geographic location, barometric pressure, ~1 m air temperature, instrument tilt, and compass heading were measured. The present dataset was processed as follows: obvious inconsistencies (missing values) and unrealistic values of GPS position have been removed. This instrument was deployed as part of the project Arctic Passion.

Temperature measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2018T51

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference profiles were measured through the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean using a SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy equipped with a several meter long thermistor chain. The present dataset was recorded by SIMBA 2018T51 (original name Awi_33r) installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during the expedition Oden AO18 in 2018. Data is available between 2018-08-23 15:50:00 and 2019-03-30 13:31:00. The thermistor chain was Variable 5 m long and included 240 sensors with a regular spacing of 2 cm. The resulting time series includes the evolution of temperature and temperature differences at 30 s and 120 s during a heating cycle of 120 s as a function of location, depth and time. The sampling intervals were usually between hourly and daily, but were most frequently configured to 6 hours for temperature, and 24 hours for temperature differences. In addition to temperatures and geographic location, barometric pressure, ~1 m air temperature, instrument tilt, and compass heading were measured. The present dataset was processed as follows: obvious inconsistencies (missing values) and unrealistic values of GPS position have been removed. This instrument was deployed as part of the project Sea Ice Physics @ AWI (AWI_SeaIce).

Heating induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2019T57: 30 s after the start of the heating cycle

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference profiles were measured through the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean using a SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy equipped with a several meter long thermistor chain. The present dataset was recorded by SIMBA 2019T57 (original name FMI05-08) installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during the expedition Polarstern PS122 (MOSAiC) in 2019/20. Data is available between 2019-10-07 03:00:00 and 2020-01-18 02:00:00. The thermistor chain was Variable 5 m long and included 241 sensors with a regular spacing of 2 cm. The resulting time series includes the evolution of temperature and temperature differences at 30 s and 120 s during a heating cycle of 120 s as a function of location, depth and time. The sampling intervals were usually between hourly and daily, but were most frequently configured to 6 hours for temperature, and 24 hours for temperature differences. In addition to temperatures and geographic location, barometric pressure, ~1 m air temperature, instrument tilt, and compass heading were measured. The present dataset was processed as follows: obvious inconsistencies (missing values) and unrealistic values of GPS position have been removed. This instrument was deployed as part of the project FMI.

Temperature measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2018T55

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference profiles were measured through the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean using a SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy equipped with a several meter long thermistor chain. The present dataset was recorded by SIMBA 2018T55 (original name FMI_0505) installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during the expedition Fedorov Transdrift XXIV (TICE) in 2018. Data is available between 2018-09-15 10:00:00 and 2020-04-04 03:00:00. The thermistor chain was Variable 5 m long and included 241 sensors with a regular spacing of 2 cm. The resulting time series includes the evolution of temperature and temperature differences at 30 s and 120 s during a heating cycle of 120 s as a function of location, depth and time. The sampling intervals were usually between hourly and daily, but were most frequently configured to 6 hours for temperature, and 24 hours for temperature differences. In addition to temperatures and geographic location, barometric pressure, ~1 m air temperature, instrument tilt, and compass heading were measured. The present dataset was processed as follows: obvious inconsistencies (missing values) and unrealistic values of GPS position have been removed. This instrument was deployed as part of the project FMI.

Temperature measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2019T57

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference profiles were measured through the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean using a SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy equipped with a several meter long thermistor chain. The present dataset was recorded by SIMBA 2019T57 (original name FMI05-08) installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during the expedition Polarstern PS122 (MOSAiC) in 2019/20. Data is available between 2019-10-07 03:00:00 and 2020-01-18 02:00:00. The thermistor chain was Variable 5 m long and included 241 sensors with a regular spacing of 2 cm. The resulting time series includes the evolution of temperature and temperature differences at 30 s and 120 s during a heating cycle of 120 s as a function of location, depth and time. The sampling intervals were usually between hourly and daily, but were most frequently configured to 6 hours for temperature, and 24 hours for temperature differences. In addition to temperatures and geographic location, barometric pressure, ~1 m air temperature, instrument tilt, and compass heading were measured. The present dataset was processed as follows: obvious inconsistencies (missing values) and unrealistic values of GPS position have been removed. This instrument was deployed as part of the project FMI.

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2018T51

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference profiles were measured through the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean using a SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy equipped with a several meter long thermistor chain. The present dataset was recorded by SIMBA 2018T51 (original name Awi_33r) installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during the expedition Oden AO18 in 2018. Data is available between 2018-08-23 15:50:00 and 2019-03-30 13:31:00. The thermistor chain was Variable 5 m long and included 240 sensors with a regular spacing of 2 cm. The resulting time series includes the evolution of temperature and temperature differences at 30 s and 120 s during a heating cycle of 120 s as a function of location, depth and time. The sampling intervals were usually between hourly and daily, but were most frequently configured to 6 hours for temperature, and 24 hours for temperature differences. In addition to temperatures and geographic location, barometric pressure, ~1 m air temperature, instrument tilt, and compass heading were measured. The present dataset was processed as follows: obvious inconsistencies (missing values) and unrealistic values of GPS position have been removed. This instrument was deployed as part of the project Sea Ice Physics @ AWI (AWI_SeaIce).

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2019T57

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference profiles were measured through the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean using a SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy equipped with a several meter long thermistor chain. The present dataset was recorded by SIMBA 2019T57 (original name FMI05-08) installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during the expedition Polarstern PS122 (MOSAiC) in 2019/20. Data is available between 2019-10-07 03:00:00 and 2020-01-18 02:00:00. The thermistor chain was Variable 5 m long and included 241 sensors with a regular spacing of 2 cm. The resulting time series includes the evolution of temperature and temperature differences at 30 s and 120 s during a heating cycle of 120 s as a function of location, depth and time. The sampling intervals were usually between hourly and daily, but were most frequently configured to 6 hours for temperature, and 24 hours for temperature differences. In addition to temperatures and geographic location, barometric pressure, ~1 m air temperature, instrument tilt, and compass heading were measured. The present dataset was processed as follows: obvious inconsistencies (missing values) and unrealistic values of GPS position have been removed. This instrument was deployed as part of the project FMI.

Heating induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2019T57: 120 s after the start of the heating cycle

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference profiles were measured through the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean using a SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy equipped with a several meter long thermistor chain. The present dataset was recorded by SIMBA 2019T57 (original name FMI05-08) installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during the expedition Polarstern PS122 (MOSAiC) in 2019/20. Data is available between 2019-10-07 03:00:00 and 2020-01-18 02:00:00. The thermistor chain was Variable 5 m long and included 241 sensors with a regular spacing of 2 cm. The resulting time series includes the evolution of temperature and temperature differences at 30 s and 120 s during a heating cycle of 120 s as a function of location, depth and time. The sampling intervals were usually between hourly and daily, but were most frequently configured to 6 hours for temperature, and 24 hours for temperature differences. In addition to temperatures and geographic location, barometric pressure, ~1 m air temperature, instrument tilt, and compass heading were measured. The present dataset was processed as follows: obvious inconsistencies (missing values) and unrealistic values of GPS position have been removed. This instrument was deployed as part of the project FMI.

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