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Ecosystem Engineering: Sediment entrainment and flocculation mediated by microbial produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)

Sediment erosion and transport is critical to the ecological and commercial health of aquatic habitats from watershed to sea. There is now a consensus that microorganisms inhabiting the system mediate the erosive response of natural sediments ('ecosystem engineers') along with physicochemical properties. The biological mechanism is through secretion of a microbial organic glue (EPS: extracellular polymeric substances) that enhances binding forces between sediment grains to impact sediment stability and post-entrainment flocculation. The proposed work will elucidate the functional capability of heterotrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microalgae for mediating freshwater sediments to influence sediment erosion and transport. The potential and relevance of natural biofilms to provide this important 'ecosystem service' will be investigated for different niches in a freshwater habitat. Thereby, variations of the EPS 'quality' and 'quantity' to influence cohesion within sediments and flocs will be related to shifts in biofilm composition, sediment characteristics (e.g. organic background) and varying abiotic conditions (e.g. light, hydrodynamic regime) in the water body. Thus, the proposed interdisciplinary work will contribute to a conceptual understanding of microbial sediment engineering that represents an important ecosystem function in freshwater habitats. The research has wide implications for the water framework directive and sediment management strategies.

Raw data of physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE487

Raw physical oceanography data was acquired by a ship-based Seabird SBE911plus CTD-Rosette system onboard RV HEINCKE. The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus) and conductivity (SBE4) as well as one sensor for oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer (FLRTD) and an altimeter (Teledyne Benthos PSA-916) were mounted to the CTD. The data was recorded using pre-cruise calibration coefficients. No correction, post-cruise calibration or quality control was applied. Processed profile data are available via the link below.

Raw data of physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE434

Raw physical oceanography data was acquired by a ship-based Seabird SBE911plus CTD-Rosette system onboard RV HEINCKE. The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus) and conductivity (SBE4) as well as one sensor for oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer (FLRTD) and an altimeter (Teledyne Benthos PSA-916) were mounted to the CTD. The data was recorded using pre-cruise calibration coefficients. No correction, post-cruise calibration or quality control was applied. Processed profile data are available via the link below.

Ökosystemantworten auf kontinuierliche Offshore Schallspektren

Artenspektrum des Phytoplanktons in Kleingewaessern des Bodensee-Raums

Untersuchung des Artenspektrums (insbesondere Massenarten und groessere Formen) in Kleingewaessern, Ried- und Moorgebieten in Abhaengigkeit von der Jahreszeit. Ca. 1 mal monatlich werden Proben entnommen; zum Teil erfolgt die Untersuchung an Ort und Stelle, zum Teil wird die Probe am umgekehrten Mikroskop ausgezaehlt. Fuer Benthosarten erfolgt die Auswertung am aufrechten Mikroskop. Es wurde eine Artendokumentation von ca. 140 Arten angelegt. Ca. 60 Prozent der Arten kommen auch im Bodensee vor.

Seawater carbonate chemistry and benthic foraminifera Ammonia sp. mass, size, and growth rate during experiments, 2013

About 30% of the anthropogenically released CO2 is taken up by the oceans; such uptake causes surface ocean pH to decrease and is commonly referred to as ocean acidification (OA). Foraminifera are one of the most abundant groups of marine calcifiers, estimated to precipitate ca. 50 % of biogenic calcium carbonate in the open oceans. We have compiled the state of the art literature on OA effects on foraminifera, because the majority of OA research on this group was published within the last three years. Disparate responses of this important group of marine calcifiers to OA were reported, highlighting the importance of a process-based understanding of OA effects on foraminifera. We cultured the benthic foraminifer Ammonia sp. under a range of carbonate chemistry manipulation treatments to identify the parameter of the carbonate system causing the observed effects. This parameter identification is the first step towards a process-based understanding. We argue that CO3 is the parameter affecting foraminiferal size-normalized weights (SNWs) and growth rates. Based on the presented data, we can confirm the strong potential of Ammonia sp. foraminiferal SNW as a CO3 proxy.

Seawater carbonate chemistry and benthic foraminifera Ammonia sp. uranium incorporation during experiments, 2013

The chemical and isotopic composition of foraminiferal shells (so-called proxies) reflects the physico-chemical properties of the seawater. In current day paleoclimate research, the reconstruction of past seawater carbonate system to infer atmospheric CO2 concentrations is one of the most pressing challenges and a variety of proxies have been investigated, such as foraminiferal U/Ca. Since in natural seawater and traditional CO2 perturbation experiments, the carbonate system parameters co-vary, it is not possible to determine the parameter of the carbonate system causing e.g. changes in U/Ca, complicating the use of the latter as a carbonate system proxy. We overcome this problem, by culturing the benthic foraminifer Ammonia sp. at a range of carbonate chemistry manipulation treatments. Shell U/Ca values were determined to test sensitivity of U incorporation to various parameters of the carbonate system. We argue that CO3 is the parameter affecting the U/Ca ratio and consequently, the partitioning coefficient for U in Ammonia sp DU. We can confirm the strong potential of foraminiferal U/Ca as a CO3 proxy.

Ursachen und Auswirkungen genetischer, taxonomischer und funktioneller Diversität in marinen Ökosystemen

Ich möchte prüfen, ob und unter welchen Bedingungen marine Ökosysteme alternative stabile Zustände hoher und niedriger Diversität und Produktivität ausbilden ('multiple stable states hypothesis', MSS). Modellstudien aus Seen und eigene Experimente an Felsküsten zeigen, dass durch Veränderungen der Konsumentenfauna und der Nährstoffzufuhr drastische Produktivitäts- und Diversitätsveränderungen hervorgerufen werden können. Für marine Systeme ist jedoch völlig unklar, ob es sich dabei um durch Rückkopplungen stabilisierte Zustände handelt. Diese Frage ist von großer theoretischer sowie angewandter Bedeutung, da eine Bestätigung der MSS bedeuten würde, dass die unerwünschten Veränderungen, die z. B. durch Eutrophierung oder Überfischung entstehen, nicht einfach durch Reduktion der Nährstofffracht oder des Fischereidrucks rückgängig zu machen wären. Ich möchte in diesem Projekt drei wichtige Teilsysteme bearbeiten: (1) benthische Hartbodengemeinschaften, (2) Planktongemeinschaften, (3) Fischbestände. Dazu werde ich kontrollierte Freilandexperimente durchführen sowie auf großer räumlicher und zeitlicher Skala erhobene Monitoringdaten analysieren. In Zusammenarbeit mit Modellierern in Kanada und Deutschland werde ich diese Datensätze auf das Vorkommen multipler stabiler Zustände Puffermechanismen und nichtlinearer Rückkopplungen untersuchen. Ziel ist dabei ein Modell zur Regulation der Produktivität und Artendiversität durch Nährstoffe und Konsumenten zu erarbeiten. Hauptauftragnehmer im Ausland: Dalhousie University, Department of Biology, Halifax, Canada.

Raw data of physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE659

Raw physical oceanography data was acquired by a ship-based Seabird SBE911plus CTD-Rosette system onboard RV HEINCKE . The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus) and conductivity (SBE4) as well as one sensor for oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer (FLRTD) and an altimeter (Teledyne Benthos PSA-916) were mounted to the CTD. The data was recorded using pre-cruise calibration coefficients. No correction, post-cruise calibration or quality control was applied. Processed profile data are available via the link below.

Raw data of physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE660

Raw physical oceanography data was acquired by a ship-based Seabird SBE911plus CTD-Rosette system onboard RV HEINCKE . The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus) and conductivity (SBE4) as well as one sensor for oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer (FLRTD) and an altimeter (Teledyne Benthos PSA-916) were mounted to the CTD. The data was recorded using pre-cruise calibration coefficients. No correction, post-cruise calibration or quality control was applied. Processed profile data are available via the link below.

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