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Ecosystem Engineering: Sediment entrainment and flocculation mediated by microbial produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)

Sediment erosion and transport is critical to the ecological and commercial health of aquatic habitats from watershed to sea. There is now a consensus that microorganisms inhabiting the system mediate the erosive response of natural sediments ('ecosystem engineers') along with physicochemical properties. The biological mechanism is through secretion of a microbial organic glue (EPS: extracellular polymeric substances) that enhances binding forces between sediment grains to impact sediment stability and post-entrainment flocculation. The proposed work will elucidate the functional capability of heterotrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microalgae for mediating freshwater sediments to influence sediment erosion and transport. The potential and relevance of natural biofilms to provide this important 'ecosystem service' will be investigated for different niches in a freshwater habitat. Thereby, variations of the EPS 'quality' and 'quantity' to influence cohesion within sediments and flocs will be related to shifts in biofilm composition, sediment characteristics (e.g. organic background) and varying abiotic conditions (e.g. light, hydrodynamic regime) in the water body. Thus, the proposed interdisciplinary work will contribute to a conceptual understanding of microbial sediment engineering that represents an important ecosystem function in freshwater habitats. The research has wide implications for the water framework directive and sediment management strategies.

Raw data of physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE434

Raw physical oceanography data was acquired by a ship-based Seabird SBE911plus CTD-Rosette system onboard RV HEINCKE. The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus) and conductivity (SBE4) as well as one sensor for oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer (FLRTD) and an altimeter (Teledyne Benthos PSA-916) were mounted to the CTD. The data was recorded using pre-cruise calibration coefficients. No correction, post-cruise calibration or quality control was applied. Processed profile data are available via the link below.

Filtrationsleistung des Makrozoobenthos der Spree

Die Nahrungsgewinnung durch passive oder aktive Filtration bildet den haeufigsten Ernaehrungstyp der benthischen Wirbellosen der Spree (Schoenfelder pers Mitt). Eine Grossmuschel aus der Familie der Unioniden kann nach vorlaeufigen Ergebnissen mit ihrer Filtrationsleistung von 0.6 - 4 mg organischem Material pro Stunde in dieser Zeit groessenordnungsmaessig die Haelfte des Partikelgehalts in einem Liter Wasser entfernen. Abhaengig von der Siedlungsdichte der Muscheln kann somit ein fuer das Oekosystem bedeutsamer Eliminationseffekt entstehen. Eine Sedimentkartierung eines 6.6 km langen Spreeabschnitts oberhalb Freienbrink ergab, dass die Muscheln dort allerdings lediglich in zwei uferparallelen Siedlungsstreifen zu finden sind, die durch Feinsand-, Feinkies- und Totholzvorkommen charakterisiert sind. Der groesste Teil der Sohle dieses begradigten und befestigten Flussabschnitts wird von nahezu unbesiedeltem Treibsand eingenommen. Trotz der relativ geringen Populationsgroesse eliminieren die Muscheln in diesem Spreeabschnitt im Sommer pro Tag etwa 1/40 bis 1/7 der Partikelfracht. In einem anderen Flussabschnitt der Spree, der sogenannten 'Krummen Spree' bei Alt Schadow, besiedeln die Grossmuscheln einen groesseren Bereich des Flussquerschnitts, sodass ihre Individuenzahlen dort mit etwa 30 Ind m hoch Minus 2 um das 15 fache hoeher sind. Bei diesen Siedlungsdichten sind die Grossmuscheln in der Lage, das Flusswasser in etwa 10 - 60 Stunden rechnerisch vollstaendig klarzufiltrieren. Im Verlauf dieses 22 km langen Flussabschnitts wurden dadurch im Sommer 1994, abhaengig von bestimmten Randbedingungen, 50-95 Prozent des Phyto- und Zooplanktons eliminiert (Welker pers Mitt).

Freiwasserueberwachung des Bodensees

Ueberwachung der Temperatur und des Sauerstoffgehaltes.

Seawater carbonate chemistry and benthic foraminifera Ammonia sp. uranium incorporation during experiments, 2013

The chemical and isotopic composition of foraminiferal shells (so-called proxies) reflects the physico-chemical properties of the seawater. In current day paleoclimate research, the reconstruction of past seawater carbonate system to infer atmospheric CO2 concentrations is one of the most pressing challenges and a variety of proxies have been investigated, such as foraminiferal U/Ca. Since in natural seawater and traditional CO2 perturbation experiments, the carbonate system parameters co-vary, it is not possible to determine the parameter of the carbonate system causing e.g. changes in U/Ca, complicating the use of the latter as a carbonate system proxy. We overcome this problem, by culturing the benthic foraminifer Ammonia sp. at a range of carbonate chemistry manipulation treatments. Shell U/Ca values were determined to test sensitivity of U incorporation to various parameters of the carbonate system. We argue that CO3 is the parameter affecting the U/Ca ratio and consequently, the partitioning coefficient for U in Ammonia sp DU. We can confirm the strong potential of foraminiferal U/Ca as a CO3 proxy.

Populationsdynamik und Produktivitaet der Bodenfauna in der Deutschen Bucht unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Meeresverschmutzung

Oekologisch wichtige Bodentiere werden aus regelmaessig an Dauerstationen genommenen, quantitativen Proben analysiert, um Aufschluesse ueber den Lebenszyklus, das Wachstum, die Variationen der Siedlungsdichte und die Produktionsleistung zu erhalten. Die Zusammensetzung der Tiergemeinschaften wird langfristig verfolgt, um natuerliche und durch Meeresverschmutzung bedingte Veraenderungen zu erkennen (Titanabwaesser und kommunale Klaerschlaemme).

Raw data of physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE660

Raw physical oceanography data was acquired by a ship-based Seabird SBE911plus CTD-Rosette system onboard RV HEINCKE . The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus) and conductivity (SBE4) as well as one sensor for oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer (FLRTD) and an altimeter (Teledyne Benthos PSA-916) were mounted to the CTD. The data was recorded using pre-cruise calibration coefficients. No correction, post-cruise calibration or quality control was applied. Processed profile data are available via the link below.

Physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE658

Conductivity-temperature-depth profiles were measured using a Seabird SBE 911plus CTD during RV HEINCKE cruise HE658. The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus), conductivity (SBE4) and oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer and an altimeter (PSA-916 Teledyne (Benthos)) were mounted to the CTD. Temperature, conductivity and oxygen sensors are calibrated by the manufacturer once a year before being mounted in January. They are used throughout the year and no post-cruise or in-situ calibration is applied. All other sensors are calibrated irregularly. Data were connected to the station book of the specific cruise as available in the DSHIP database. Processing of the data including removal of obvious outliers followed the procedures described in CTD Processing Logbook of RV HEINCKE (hdl:10013/epic.47427). The processing report for this dataset is linked below.

Physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE654/1

Conductivity-temperature-depth profiles were measured using a Seabird SBE 911plus CTD during RV HEINCKE cruise HE654/1. The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus), conductivity (SBE4) and oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer and an altimeter (PSA-916 Teledyne (Benthos)) were mounted to the CTD. Temperature, conductivity and oxygen sensors are calibrated by the manufacturer once a year before being mounted in January. They are used throughout the year and no post-cruise or in-situ calibration is applied. All other sensors are calibrated irregularly. Data were connected to the station book of the specific cruise as available in the DSHIP database. Processing of the data including removal of obvious outliers followed the procedures described in CTD Processing Logbook of RV HEINCKE (hdl:10013/epic.47427). The processing report for this dataset is linked below.

Physical oceanography during RV HEINCKE cruise HE631

Conductivity-temperature-depth profiles were measured using a Seabird SBE 911plus CTD during RV HEINCKE cruise HE631. The CTD was equipped with duplicate sensors for temperature (SBE3plus), conductivity (SBE4) and oxygen (SBE43). Additional sensors such as a WET Labs C-Star transmissometer, a WET Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer and an altimeter (PSA-916 Teledyne (Benthos)) were mounted to the CTD. Temperature, conductivity and oxygen sensors are calibrated by the manufacturer once a year before being mounted in January. They are used throughout the year and no post-cruise or in-situ calibration is applied. All other sensors are calibrated irregularly. Data were connected to the station book of the specific cruise as available in the DSHIP database. Processing of the data including removal of obvious outliers followed the procedures described in CTD Processing Logbook of RV HEINCKE (hdl:10013/epic.47427). The processing report for this dataset is linked below.

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