In January 2024 a river flood by the Elbe and Weser resulted in very high discharge of freshwater into the German Bight. To follow this river, plume the RV Mya II cruised from Sylt and between Helgoland, Cuxhaven, Büsum. All instruments were set up in the MOSES laboratory container. Standard hydrographic parameters were determined with a pocket ferrybox running with ship's surface water supply. In addition, dissolved methane was determined continuously. We used a degassing unit which was using surface water from the ship's water supply. The gas mixture was subsequently analysed with a Greenhouse Gas Analyzer from LosGatos. Conversion to methane concentration was performed with water samples, from which the methane content was determined with gas chromatography. Atmospheric methane concentrations were obtained from the ICOS-station Helgoland. Wind speed was obtained from the ships meteorological system. The diffusive flux was calculated as outlined in the additional meta data description.
Water sampling was conducted during AL575 cruise in the North Sea by using Niskin Bottles attached to CTD/Water sampler rosette and ROV (Haeckel and Schmidt, 2024). To detect methane anomalies in the water column derived from seafloor gas emissions the recovered water samples were processed by using headspace gas sampling and subsequent gas chromatographic analysis. Based on measured methane concentrations of headspace gas in (micro-atm) the dissolved methane concentrations in water were calculated (nmol l-1).
Klimawandel bezeichnet eine längerfristige Temperaturänderung der Erdatmosphäre. In den vergangenen zwei bis drei Millionen Jahre gab es auf der Erde einen zyklischen Wechsel von Warm- und Kaltphasen. Das ist im Wesentlichen auf die Neigung der Erdachse und die elliptische Umlaufbahn der Erde um die Sonne und dem daraus resultierenden Abstand der Erde zur Sonne sowie dem Einstrahlungswinkel der Sonnenstrahlen auf die Erde zurückzuführen. Auch die ebenfalls zyklischen Veränderungen unterliegende Aktivität der Sonne hat Einfluss auf das Erdklima. Darüber hinaus gibt es weitere natürliche Faktoren wie beispielsweise Vulkanismus und durch Rückkopplungseffekte verursachte Veränderungen der Meeresströmungen, die das Klima beeinflussen. In den letzten 150 Jahren hat jedoch der Mensch entschieden dazu beigetragen, die Konzentration von Treibhausgasen in der Atmosphäre zu erhöhen und so eine globale Erwärmung voranzutreiben. Das ist auf die massive Nutzung fossiler Energieträger (Kohle, Erdöl und Erdgas) und eine veränderte Landnutzung, wie die Rodung von Wäldern und die Trockenlegung von Mooren zurückzuführen. Laut aktuellem IPCC-Bericht ist die globale atmosphärische Konzentration von CO₂ seit vorindustrieller Zeit um 40 % angestiegen. Die atmosphärischen Konzentrationen von CO₂, Methan und Stickstoffoxiden sind mittlerweile so hoch wie nie zuvor innerhalb der letzten 800.000 Jahre. In jeder der letzten drei Dekaden fand eine zunehmende Erwärmung der Erdoberfläche statt, die stärker war als in jeder zurückliegenden Dekade seit 1850. Die Folgen sind bereits deutlich erkennbar. Global findet eine Erwärmung der Atmosphäre und der Ozeane statt, Permafrostböden tauen auf und setzen Methan frei, das Meereis schmilzt, ebenso die Eisschilde des Festlandes, der Meeresspiegel steigt, und zwar schneller, als bisherige Modelle dies erwarten ließen. Regional kommt es vermehrt zu Extremwetterereignissen wie Hitzeperioden, Stürmen, Starkregenereignissen und Hagel. Berlin als dicht besiedelte Metropole mit einem hohen Versiegelungsgrad, sensiblen Infrastrukturen sowie sozialräumlich und demographisch unterschiedlichen Verwundbarkeiten ist in besonderer Weise von den Folgen des Klimawandels betroffen. Für eine systematische und räumlich differenzierte Analyse der klimawandelbedingten Risiken hat die GEO-NET Umweltconsulting GmbH im März 2026 eine durch die Senatsverwaltung für Mobilität, Verkehr, Klimaschutz und Umwelt in Auftrag gegebene Klimarisikoanalyse für das Land Berlin vorgelegt. Die Erarbeitung erfolgte im Rahmen eines partizipativen Prozesses, unter Einbindung aller erforderlichen fachverantwortlichen Stellen der Berliner Verwaltung, der Landeseigenen Unternehmen und anderen externen Stakeholdern, in deren Verantwortung Bereiche oder Infrastrukturen liegen, die von Klimawandelfolgen betroffen sind. Im Ergebnis wurden die bestehenden Klimarisiken für zwölf identifizierte Handlungsfelder beschrieben, bewertet und räumlich verortet. Neben den Klimarisiken wurde dabei das Zusammenspiel von Sensitivitäten, räumlichen Expositionen und komplexen Wechselwirkungen sowie die Abhängigkeiten zwischen Infrastrukturen, sozialen Faktoren und Ökosystemen berücksichtigt. Für jedes Handlungsfeld wurde mindestens eine Betroffenheitskarte, in der die wichtigsten klimatischen Gefährdungen und Sensitivitäten dargestellt sind, erstellt. Die zentralen Ergebnisse aus den Betroffenheitskarten wurden in eine Hotspot-Karte integriert. Alle Karten werden in das Geoportal des Landes Berlin überführt und dort als Arbeits- und Entscheidungsgrundlage zur Verfügung stehen. Die Klimarisikoanalyse bildet die wissenschaftlich fundierte Grundlage für die in der Erarbeitung befindliche Klimaanapassungsstrategie und das Klimaanpassungspragramm für das Land Berlin. Mit Hilfe eines Indikatoren basierten Klimafolgenmonitorings wird die Entwicklung klimatischer Parameter in der Vergangenheit und Gegenwart hinsichtlich erkennbarer Trends überwacht. Darüber hinaus sollen damit die eintretenden Klimafolgen frühzeitig erkannt werden, um Anpassungsmaßnahmen zielgerichtet planen und durchzuführen zu können. Auswirkungen des Klimawandels Weitere Informationen Klimafolgenmonitoring Weitere Informationen Klimarisikoanalyse Berlin Weitere Informationen Programm zur Anpassung an die Folgen des Klimawandels in Berlin Weitere Informationen Berliner Energie- und Klimaschutzprogramm 2030 (BEK 2030) Stadtentwicklungsplan (StEP) Klima Zentrum KlimaAnpassung IPCC-Berichte Global Change Institute
As part of the MOSES Project, in April 2023 methane measurements were started in the north-western part of the island Heligoland in the German Bight (North Sea). The objective was to complement the measurements of the Sternfahrten to identify the carbon cycle and its flow from the start of the Elbe river into the North Sea. Therefore, a Contros methane sensor for dissolved methane was deployed under water at about 10 to 12 meter depth (depending on the tide) close to the underwater observatory (UW-OBS) MarGate (54°11' N, 7°52' E), from the COSYNA Project. To ensure correct values latter was cleaned frequently from growing organisms by scientific divers. The present data contains the data from 2024, the second year running the sensors. Based on the concentrations of dissolved methane the methane emissions (diffusive flux) was calculated.
In continuation of the previous cruises (Sternfahrten) we covered a similar area with the RVs Ludwig Prandtl and Mya II. All instruments were set up in the MOSES laboratory container. Standard hydrographic parameters were determined with a pocket ferrybox running with ship's surface water supply. In addition, dissolved methane was determined continuously. We used a degassing unit which was using surface water from the ship's water supply. The gas mixture was subsequently analysed with a Greenhouse Gas Analyzer from LosGatos. Conversion to methane concentration was performed with water samples, from which the methane content was determined with gas chromatography. Atmospheric methane concentrations were obtained from the ICOS-station Helgoland. Wind speed was obtained from the ships meteorological systems. The diffusive flux was calculated as outlined in the additional meta data description.
In continuation of the previous cruises (Sternfahrten) we covered a similar area with the RV Heincke. All instruments were set up in the MOSES laboratory container. Standard hydrographic parameters were determined with a pocket ferrybox running with ship's surface water supply. In addition, dissolved methane was determined continuously. We used a degassing unit which was using surface water from the ship's water supply. The gas mixture was subsequently analysed with a Greenhouse Gas Analyzer from LosGatos. Conversion to methane concentration was performed with water samples, from which the methane content was determined with gas chromatography. Atmospheric methane concentrations were obtained from the ICOS-station Helgoland. Wind speed was obtained from the ships meteorological systems. The diffusive flux was calculated as outlined in the additional meta data description.
As part of the MOSES Project, in April 2023 methane measurements were started in the north-western part of the island Heligoland in the German Bight (North Sea). The objective was to complement the measurements of the "Sternfahrten" to identify the carbon cycle and its flow from the start of the Elbe river into the North Sea. Therefore, a Contros methane sensor for dissolved methane was deployed under water at about 10 to 12 meter depth (depending on the tide) close to the underwater observatory (UW-OBS) MarGate (54°11' N, 7°52' E), from the COSYNA Project. To ensure correct values latter was cleaned frequently from growing organisms by scientific divers. The present data contains the data from 2023, the first year running the sensors. Based on the concentrations of dissolved methane the methane emissions (diffusive flux) was calculated.
The dataset is about temporal variability of dissolved methane along the freshwater-sea continuum in northern Germany. Sensors were installed at fixed stations at in total three sites at different water depths. This dataset is from the station in Heligoland (54.1833 N, 7.8667 E) at about 9-12m depth (depending on the tide). The data was obtained between 27 April and 28 October in high frequency measurements (1 min) with a methane sensor from Kongsberg (4H Jena model CONTROS HydroC CH4,). Methane concentrations were calculated according to manufacturer's instructions, based on temperature and salinity values from UW-node Heligoland (Fischer, Philipp; Happel, Lea; Brand, Markus; Eickelmann, Laura; Lienkämper, Miriam; Bussmann, Ingeborg; Anselm, Norbert; Brix, Holger (2022): Hydrographical time series data of Helgoland, Southern North Sea, 2021. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950173). A gap in the salinity data was replaced with the median value of the observed time span (31.66). For the quality control of the data a local range of 0.1 – 1000 nmol/L was set, a technical range for the pump power 2 – 8. Watt, a spike and gradient value of 1. For a more detailed description see the article cited in References.
As the previous cruises were mainly conducted in August / September, this cruise was set up to cover a late spring situation in the German Bight. The cruise track and positions of the stations were similar to Sternfahrt_5 in September 2020, thus covering a wide range from 7.6°E to 8.9°E and from 53.5°N to 54.8°N. Continuous sampling for Chlorophyll-a and dissolved organic matter from the Elbe, Tide-Elbe and North Sea and subsequent detailed analysis at the UFZ will give new insights on the chemical transformations of these compounds. The southern North Sea (German Bight) is influenced by the water flowing into the Tide-Elbe area and how it is further modified. For a better understanding of the different branches of relevant events it is necessary to investigate the main impacting factors for the terrestrial and coastal water quality. Therefore, during different cruises between 2019 and 2022 a group of parameters was continuously traced from the Elbe River basin (Czech/German border) to Tide-Elbe and Elbe estuary (Hamburg, Germany) until the German Bight. The vessel Littorina started already on the 29th of May in Kiel heading to the assembly point Cuxhaven and setting up the sensor systems. On May 30th all ships began the cruise traveling to Heligoland, nevertheless only the Ludwig Prandtl and Littorina could realize the first inter-calibration station (see file description) in front of Cuxhaven. An inter-calibration with all ships was conducted the next morning (31st of May) in front of Heligoland, before they went separate ways. While the Littorina crew covered the eastern part of the sampling area going towards Büsum, the scientists from Ludwig Prandtl headed further North to the island Amrum and the Uthörn covered the western part (see map in additional metadata). Littorina followed on the way to Büsum a more direct track, while on its way back to Heligoland on June 1st, the crew took a different route to extend the area further north. On the 2nd of June they travelled straight back to Cuxhaven to the last joined station with all three vessels. Instead, Ludwig Prandtl stayed the third and fourth day around Amrum, where they had to start sampling early in the morning (03:44h, 03:30h), due to the tide dependent entrance to the port. From there they headed directly back to Cuxhaven. The vessel Uthörn made a circuit north of Heligoland on the second day. On the third day the crew navigated from Heligoland to Cuxhaven and back to Heligoland in a triangle form. The last day the vessel headed back to Bremerhaven with a detour in Cuxhaven. Thus, all vessels closed the survey on the 2nd of June with a last inter-calibration station off Cuxhaven at about 10h. Additional information about the whole campaign and different cruises can be found in the article(s) cited, see also 'related to'.
The southern North Sea (German Bight) is influenced by the inflowing water in the Tide-Elbe area and how it is further modified. For a better understanding of the different branches of relevant events it is necessary to investigate which are the main impacting factors for the terrestrial and coastal water quality. Therefore, during different cruises between 2019 and 2022 a group of parameters was continuously traced from the Elbe River basin (Czech/German border) to Tide-Elbe and Elbe estuary (Hamburg, Germany) until the German Bight. This dataset is about the cruise "Sternfahrt 5" from August 31 to September 03 in 2020, with the objective to detect the spatial extension of the riverine influence of Elbe and Weser. Therefore, three research vessels have been involved to cover a broad area of the German Bight between Hamburg, Heligoland and Sylt. All three research vessels (Littorina, Ludwig Prandtl and Mya II) started together on the first day from Cuxhaven to Heligoland. The first day and whenever two or three of the ships met, one measuring was made together as inter-calibration station (for more details, see file description), in total four. From the second day the ship Littorina travelled between Heligoland and Büsum, one track each day. The Ludwig Prandtl headed the second day towards Wyk auf Föhr. Afterwards the crew navigated further north towards Sylt and turning back to Wyk on the same day. The last day they went back from there to Cuxhaven meeting with the vessel Littorina for a last inter-calibration station. The vessel Mya II instead was navigating on the second and third day first to Bremerhaven and on a more western track back to Heligoland. To also cover the northern part of the research area, on the last day the crew travelled to Sylt, the home harbour of the vessel. Therefore, it was not participating on the last inter-calibration station off Cuxhaven. All ships took measurements of basic hydrographic parameters (salinity, temperature, oxygen saturation, pH) and atmospheric and dissolved greenhouse gases (methane and carbon dioxide). The parameters were measured continuously on the way by specific sensors submerged in a water reservoir on deck which was supplied with surface water (about 1m depth) from the underway water supply of the vessel. Methane and carbon dioxide were measured in the surface water and in the atmosphere with the sensors "LosGatos" and "Picarro". Ferrybox systems measured physical and chemical oceanographic parameters including salinity, temperature, pH. At specific stations along the tracks additionally vertical profiles were taken as well as water samples from the surface. The respective data can be found in: Bussmann, Ingeborg, Flöser, Götz, Geißler, Felix (2021): Carbon compounds, nutrients and pigments from water samples from MOSES project's cruise Sternfahrt 5. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.934894. Further profile data can be found in the AWI O2A-Database as download. Additional information about the whole campaign and different cruises can be found in the article(s) cited.
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