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Integriertes ökologisches Monitoring der Auswirkungen von Klimaveränderungen in Hessen

Die Konzentrationen vieler natürlicherweise in der bodennahen Atmosphäre vorhandener Luftinhaltsstoffe sind aufgrund vielfältiger menschlicher Aktivitäten wie Einsatz fossiler Energieträger, industrielle Produktion und Intensivierung der Landwirtschaft in den letzten Jahrzehnten beträchtlich angestiegen. Der globale Anstieg klimawirksamer Spurengase wie Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO2), Methan (CH4), Distickstoffoxid (N2O), FCKW und Ozon (O3) soll nach Modellrechnungen bei anhaltenden bzw. weiter steigenden Emissionen im Verlauf des nächsten Jahrhunderts zu Veränderungen des globalen und regionalen Klimas führen. Weiterhin ist auch ein Anstieg der bodennahen UV-B-Strahlung nicht auszuschließen, sofern sich der Abbau der stratosphärischen Ozonschicht weiter fortsetzt. Gleichzeitig können Organismen und Ökosysteme unmittelbar durch die steigenden CO2- und O3-Konzentrationen beeinflusst werden. Ziel dieses Projektes ist es deshalb, die Auswirkungen des sich ändernden chemischen (insbesondere steigende CO2- und O3-Konzentrationen) und physikalischen (steigende globale Lufttemperaturen) Klimas auf Flora, Fauna und Boden eines extensiv genutzten Grünland-Ökosystems beispielhaft zu erfassen. Aufgrund der relativ geringen Häufigkeit und Intensität der Bewirtschaftungsmaßnahmen und der langen Lebensdauer bietet sich das Dauergrünland unter Wiesennutzung als besonders geeignetes System zur Abschätzung der langfristigen Auswirkungen von Klimaveränderungen im Ökosystem an. Das Vorhaben lässt sich in folgende Schwerpunkte gliedern: - Kontinuierliche Bestimmung der Konzentrationen von Luftinhaltsstoffen in der Umgebungsluft (insbesondere Ozon, CO2 und Stickstoffoxide) - Kontinuierliche Bestimmung des Austausches klimarelevanter Spurengase in der Grenzschicht Biosphäre/Atmosphäre (insbesondere CO2, H2O, Ozon, N2O, Methan) - Zeitreihenuntersuchungen auf Dauerbeobachtungsflächen - Experimentelle Manipulation der Konzentration von Luftinhaltsstoffen ( CO2, Ozon) in der Umgebungsluft zur Abschätzung ihrer langfristigen Auswirkungen auf Flora, Fauna und Boden des Ökosystems.

Moisture, temperature and light modualte methane oxidation from dry riverbeds - A mesocosms experiment

In this study, under lab conditions (Jan-Apr 2022) in we examined how three key drivers of methane oxidation in soils also modulate methane oxidation (i.e. methanotrophy) in dry riverbed sediments: gravimetric water content (GWC, as proxy of moisture), temperature, and light quality and intensity. We measured potential methane oxidation rates (PMO) as proxy of methanotrophy across a gradient of GWC, temperature (10, 20 and 30ºC), and under different light conditions (green and growth light) from dry (8% GWC) and wet (100%GWC) sediments collected in early Spring 2022 in the Queich River in Offenbach an der Queich (Germany). We used incubation vials (125mL) with about 10 mL sediment and spiked it with 120uL of pure methane gas following Bodmer et al. (2020). Incubations lasted for a week (until methane concentrations were below detection limit) and we replicated each treatment level four times (except for 10ºC that had just three).

Dissolved methane concentrations, diffusive methane flux and EOVs in the German Bight in February 2025 (Sternfahrt 13)

In continuation of the previous cruises (Sternfahrten) we covered a similar area with the RV Heincke. All instruments were set up in the MOSES laboratory container. Standard hydrographic parameters were determined with a pocket ferrybox running with ship's surface water supply. In addition, dissolved methane was determined continuously. We used a degassing unit which was using surface water from the ship's water supply. The gas mixture was subsequently analysed with a Greenhouse Gas Analyzer from LosGatos. Conversion to methane concentration was performed with water samples, from which the methane content was determined with gas chromatography. Atmospheric methane concentrations were obtained from the ICOS-station Helgoland. Wind speed was obtained from the ships meteorological systems. The diffusive flux was calculated as outlined in the additional meta data description.

Methane concentration and diffusive flux in the Northern Sea off Heligoland in 2024

As part of the MOSES Project, in April 2023 methane measurements were started in the north-western part of the island Heligoland in the German Bight (North Sea). The objective was to complement the measurements of the Sternfahrten to identify the carbon cycle and its flow from the start of the Elbe river into the North Sea. Therefore, a Contros methane sensor for dissolved methane was deployed under water at about 10 to 12 meter depth (depending on the tide) close to the underwater observatory (UW-OBS) MarGate (54°11' N, 7°52' E), from the COSYNA Project. To ensure correct values latter was cleaned frequently from growing organisms by scientific divers. The present data contains the data from 2024, the second year running the sensors. Based on the concentrations of dissolved methane the methane emissions (diffusive flux) was calculated.

Dissolved methane concentrations, diffusive methane flux and EOVs in the German Bight in September 2024 (Sternfahrt 12)

In continuation of the previous cruises (Sternfahrten) we covered a similar area with the RVs Ludwig Prandtl and Mya II. All instruments were set up in the MOSES laboratory container. Standard hydrographic parameters were determined with a pocket ferrybox running with ship's surface water supply. In addition, dissolved methane was determined continuously. We used a degassing unit which was using surface water from the ship's water supply. The gas mixture was subsequently analysed with a Greenhouse Gas Analyzer from LosGatos. Conversion to methane concentration was performed with water samples, from which the methane content was determined with gas chromatography. Atmospheric methane concentrations were obtained from the ICOS-station Helgoland. Wind speed was obtained from the ships meteorological systems. The diffusive flux was calculated as outlined in the additional meta data description.

Dissolved methane concentrations, diffusive methane flux and Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) in the German Bight in January 2024 (Sternfahrt 11)

In January 2024 a river flood by the Elbe and Weser resulted in very high discharge of freshwater into the German Bight. To follow this river, plume the RV Mya II cruised from Sylt and between Helgoland, Cuxhaven, Büsum. All instruments were set up in the MOSES laboratory container. Standard hydrographic parameters were determined with a pocket ferrybox running with ship's surface water supply. In addition, dissolved methane was determined continuously. We used a degassing unit which was using surface water from the ship's water supply. The gas mixture was subsequently analysed with a Greenhouse Gas Analyzer from LosGatos. Conversion to methane concentration was performed with water samples, from which the methane content was determined with gas chromatography. Atmospheric methane concentrations were obtained from the ICOS-station Helgoland. Wind speed was obtained from the ships meteorological system. The diffusive flux was calculated as outlined in the additional meta data description.

Erfassung, Modellierung und Reduzierung der Methanemissionen für einen nachhaltigen Klimaschutz in urbanen Entwässerungssystemen, Teilprojekt 1: Kanalnetzanalyse, Modellentwicklung und Bewertung

Dissolved methane concentrations of water samples from the North Sea during ALKOR cruise AL575 (27 June 2022 - 13 July 2022)

Water sampling was conducted during AL575 cruise in the North Sea by using Niskin Bottles attached to CTD/Water sampler rosette and ROV (Haeckel and Schmidt, 2024). To detect methane anomalies in the water column derived from seafloor gas emissions the recovered water samples were processed by using headspace gas sampling and subsequent gas chromatographic analysis. Based on measured methane concentrations of headspace gas in (micro-atm) the dissolved methane concentrations in water were calculated (nmol l-1).

Methane concentration and diffusive flux in the Northern Sea off Heligoland in 2023

As part of the MOSES Project, in April 2023 methane measurements were started in the north-western part of the island Heligoland in the German Bight (North Sea). The objective was to complement the measurements of the "Sternfahrten" to identify the carbon cycle and its flow from the start of the Elbe river into the North Sea. Therefore, a Contros methane sensor for dissolved methane was deployed under water at about 10 to 12 meter depth (depending on the tide) close to the underwater observatory (UW-OBS) MarGate (54°11' N, 7°52' E), from the COSYNA Project. To ensure correct values latter was cleaned frequently from growing organisms by scientific divers. The present data contains the data from 2023, the first year running the sensors. Based on the concentrations of dissolved methane the methane emissions (diffusive flux) was calculated.

Dissolved methane concentration variability along freshwater-sea continuum at Heligoland, Southern North Sea, 2021

The dataset is about temporal variability of dissolved methane along the freshwater-sea continuum in northern Germany. Sensors were installed at fixed stations at in total three sites at different water depths. This dataset is from the station in Heligoland (54.1833 N, 7.8667 E) at about 9-12m depth (depending on the tide). The data was obtained between 27 April and 28 October in high frequency measurements (1 min) with a methane sensor from Kongsberg (4H Jena model CONTROS HydroC CH4,). Methane concentrations were calculated according to manufacturer's instructions, based on temperature and salinity values from UW-node Heligoland (Fischer, Philipp; Happel, Lea; Brand, Markus; Eickelmann, Laura; Lienkämper, Miriam; Bussmann, Ingeborg; Anselm, Norbert; Brix, Holger (2022): Hydrographical time series data of Helgoland, Southern North Sea, 2021. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950173). A gap in the salinity data was replaced with the median value of the observed time span (31.66). For the quality control of the data a local range of 0.1 – 1000 nmol/L was set, a technical range for the pump power 2 – 8. Watt, a spike and gradient value of 1. For a more detailed description see the article cited in References.

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