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Sentinel-5P TROPOMI - Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Level 3 - Global

Aerosol optical depth (AOD) as derived from TROPOMI observations. AOD describes the attenuation of the transmitted radiant power by the absence of aerosols. Attenuation can be caused by absorption and/or scattering. AOD is the primary parameter to evaluate the impact of aerosols on weather and climate. Daily AOD observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Ecosystem functions of rare arable plants - field experiment: Carabidae data

Partly taken from the materials and methods of https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2022.12.003: To compare the activity densities of ground-dwelling predators between treatments with and without RAPs, carabids were sampled using pitfall traps, which were set up after each round of aphid counting (one per plot, twice per year; Brown & Matthews, 2016). The traps (with a volume of 400 ml and a width of 90 mm) were filled with a mixture of water and ethylene glycol (1:1; 120 ml) and dug at ground level into the middle of each plot. The traps were covered with a plastic roof and a metal grid (15 × 15 mm grid size) to avoid overflowing during rain and accidental rodent catches (Császár et al., 2018). The traps were activated for 7 days. Subsequently, all arthropods were transferred into 70% ethanol. Carabids were identified to species according to Hůrka (1996). Carabid feeding behavior was classified according to Homburg et al. (2014). To simplify the dataset, carabid feeding behavior was classified as predominantly granivorous (species mainly feed on seeds and fruits) or as carnivorous/omnivorous, because carnivorous and omnivorous species are potentially feeding on aphids and other non-plant material.

Ecosystem functions of rare arable plants - field study: Araneae data

Partly taken from the materials and methods of https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2022.12.003: To compare the activity densities of ground-dwelling predators between treatments with and without RAPs, spiders were sampled using pitfall traps, which were set up after each round of aphid counting (one per plot, twice per year; Brown & Matthews, 2016). The traps (with a volume of 400 ml and a width of 90 mm) were filled with a mixture of water and ethylene glycol (1:1; 120 ml) and dug at ground level into the middle of each plot. The traps were covered with a plastic roof and a metal grid (15 × 15 mm grid size) to avoid overflowing during rain and accidental rodent catches (Császár et al., 2018). The traps were activated for 7 days. Subsequently, all arthropods were transferred into 70% ethanol. Spiders were identified to species according to Nentwig et al. (2019). Spider hunting strategy (active hunter or web-builder) was used as the feeding trait according to Cardoso et al. (2011).

Ecosystem functions of rare arable plants - field experiment: Araneae data

Partly taken from the materials and methods of https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2022.12.003: To compare the activity densities of ground-dwelling predators between treatments with and without RAPs, spiders were sampled using pitfall traps, which were set up after each round of aphid counting (one per plot, twice per year; Brown & Matthews, 2016). The traps (with a volume of 400 ml and a width of 90 mm) were filled with a mixture of water and ethylene glycol (1:1; 120 ml) and dug at ground level into the middle of each plot. The traps were covered with a plastic roof and a metal grid (15 × 15 mm grid size) to avoid overflowing during rain and accidental rodent catches (Császár et al., 2018). The traps were activated for 7 days. Subsequently, all arthropods were transferred into 70% ethanol. Spiders were identified to species according to Nentwig et al. (2019). Spider hunting strategy (active hunter or web-builder) was used as the feeding trait according to Cardoso et al. (2011).

Ecosystem functions of rare arable plants - field study: Carabidae data

Partly taken from the materials and methods of https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2022.12.003: To compare the activity densities of ground-dwelling predators between treatments with and without RAPs, carabids were sampled using pitfall traps, which were set up after each round of aphid counting (one per plot, twice per year; Brown & Matthews, 2016). The traps (with a volume of 400 ml and a width of 90 mm) were filled with a mixture of water and ethylene glycol (1:1; 120 ml) and dug at ground level into the middle of each plot. The traps were covered with a plastic roof and a metal grid (15 × 15 mm grid size) to avoid overflowing during rain and accidental rodent catches (Császár et al., 2018). The traps were activated for 7 days. Subsequently, all arthropods were transferred into 70% ethanol. Carabids were identified to species according to Hůrka (1996). Carabid feeding behavior was classified according to Homburg et al. (2014). To simplify the dataset, carabid feeding behavior was classified as predominantly granivorous (species mainly feed on seeds and fruits) or as carnivorous/omnivorous, because carnivorous and omnivorous species are potentially feeding on aphids and other non-plant material.

Chlorophyll a, extracellular polymeric substance concentration and 16S rRNA gene copy numbers in saltmarsh sediments in response to a storm surge

Samples were taken to study the effect of storm surges on ecosystem functioning of salt marsh microbial communities. Sediment samples were collected from experimental salt marsh islands located in the back-barrier tidal flats of Spiekeroog Island, German North Sea (53°45′N, 7°43′E). The islands consist of three elevation zones (0.7 m, 1.0 m, and 1.3 m above mean sea level), corresponding to pioneer zone, lower salt marsh, and upper salt marsh. Six islands were sampled (three initially bare; three transplanted with lower salt marsh sediment and vegetation). Sampling was conducted in September 2022 (pre-disturbance), March 2023 (post-winter storm surges), and August 2023 (recovery phase). Surface sediments (upper 2 cm) were collected using syringe cores. Pooled samples were analyzed for chlorophyll a as a proxy for microphytobenthos biomass using ethanol extraction and spectrophotometric pigment analysis. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were quantified using EDTA extraction followed by phenol–sulfuric acid carbohydrate analysis. DNA was extracted from sediment subsamples using a Qiagen PowerSoil kit. Prokaryotic abundance was estimated by quantitative PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene (primers 519F/907R), using an Escherichia coli 16S rRNA gene standard curve. The dataset includes chlorophyll a concentrations (µg g⁻¹ dry sediment), EPS carbohydrate concentrations, and prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene copy numbers for all sampling times, elevations, and treatments.

Water and sediment analysis from column experiments

This data set contains data from water analyses from column experiments. The water analyses included cations (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron and manganese), anions (nitrate, chloride, sulphate, bromide and phosphate) and selected trace elements (arsenic, cobalt, nickel, vanadium and zinc). The column experiments were conducted with two different types of unconsolidated sandy sediments from aquifers in Denmark (Quaternary) and Germany (Cretaceous). In both sediments, the nitrate degradation capacity was almost exhausted. To induce denitrification, 5 mmol ethanol was added to the column experiments. This also caused a decrease in the concentration of trace elements in the water. A sequential extraction procedure was performed to determine the trace element sinks. The data set therefore also contains contents of selected elements (equal to water analyses) from the sequential extraction procedure of the sediment before and after the column tests. The results observed in the laboratory were additionally modeled with Phreeqc. The Phreeqc input data complete the data set.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI - Aerosol Single-Scattering Albedo (ASSA), Level 3 - Global

Aerosol single-scattering albedo (ASSA) as derived from TROPOMI observations. ASSA is a measure of how much light is scattered by aerosols compared to how much is absorbed. It is important for understanding the impact of aerosols on climate and radiative forcing. ASSA is unitless; a value of unity implies that extinction is completely due to scattering; conversely, a single-scattering albedo of zero implies that extinction is completely due to absorption. Daily ASSA observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Abgasuntersuchungen an einem Kraftfahrzeug, das wahlweise mit Vergaserkraftstoff und Methanol betrieben wird

Durch vergleichende Untersuchungen auf der Basis des Europazyklus sollte festgestellt werden, dass es moeglich ist, mit verhaeltnismaessig geringen baulichen Massnahmen ein serienmaessig gebautes Kraftfahrzeug auf den wahlweisen Betrieb mit Vergaserkraftstoff oder Methanol umzuruesten. Dabei waren die Einfluesse auf das Leistungsverhalten und das Emissionsverhalten Gegenstand der Untersuchung. Zur Verfuegung stand ein Europatest-Pruefstand mit erweitertem Analysenprogramm sowie die Methoden der Gaschromatographie.

Immissions- und Strahlenschutz (GB 2)

• Überwachung der Radioaktivität in der Umwelt nach dem Strahlenschutzvorsorgegesetz für den Freistaat Sachsen • Überwachung der anlagenbezogenen Radioaktivität nach dem Atomgesetz am Forschungsstandort Rossendorf • Überwachung von Lebensmitteln (u. a. Amtshilfe für die Landesuntersuchungsanstalt für das Gesundheits- und Veterinärwesen Sachsen) • Betrieb der Radonberatungsstelle • Überwachung der anlagenbezogenen Radioaktivität nach der Verordnung zur Gewährleistung von Atomsicherheit und Strahlenschutz an den Standorten der Wismut GmbH • Überwachung der anlagenbezogenen Radioaktivität an den Altstandorten des Uranerzbergbaus • Aufsichtliche Messungen nach der Strahlenschutzverordnung inkl. Sicherheitstechnisch bedeutsame Ereignisse und Nukleare Nachsorge • Der Geschäftsbereich ist akkreditiert nach ISO 17025 für alle relevanten Prüfverfahren im Bereich Immission und Emission. Fachbereich 20 - Zentrale Aufgaben • Probenentnahmen und Feldmessungen (ohne Messungen und Probenentnahmen im Rahmen der Radonberatung) u. a. Probenentnahmen aus Fließgewässern, Messung der nuklidspezifischen Gammaortsdosisleistung • Organisation und Logistik für die von externen Probenehmern gewonnenen und dem Geschäftsbereich 2 zu übergebenden Proben. Betrieb der Landesdatenzentrale und der Datenbank zur Umweltradioaktivität im Freistaat Sachsen • Unterstützung der beiden Landesmessstellen bei der Einführung und Pflege radiochemischer Verfahren Fachbereiche 21, 22 - Erste und Zweite Landesmessstelle für Umweltradioaktivität Laboranalysen • nach dem Strahlenschutzvorsorgegesetz • zur Überwachung der Wismut-Standorte • zur Überwachung des Forschungsstandort Rossendorf • zur Überwachung der Altstandorte des Uranbergbaus • zur Lebensmittelüberwachung • zu den aufsichtlichen Kontrolltätigkeiten des Sächsischen Landesamtes für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie und des Sächsischen Staatsministeriums für Umwelt und Landwirtschaft u. a. in den Medien Wasser, Boden, Luft, Nahrungs- und Futtermittel. Analysierte Parameter: u. a. gamma- und alphastrahlende Radionuklide (z. B. Cäsium-137, Cobalt-60, Kalium-40, Uran-238); Strontium-90; Radium-226 und Radium-228). Fachbereich 23 - Immissionsmessungen Kontinuierliche Überwachung der Luftqualität durch Betrieb des stationären Luftmessnetzes des Freistaates (Online-Betrieb von 30 stationären Messstationen mit Übergabe der Messdaten ins Internet): • Laufende Messung der Luftgüteparameter SO2, NOx, Ozon, Benzol, Toluol, Xylole, Schwebstaub, Ruß • Gewinnung meteorologischer Daten zur Einschätzung der Luftgüteparameter • Sammlung von Schwebstaub (PM 10- und PM 2,5-Fraktionen) und Sedimentationsstaub zur analytischen Bestimmung von Schwermetallen, polyzyklischen Kohlenwasserstoffen (PAK) und Ruß • Absicherung der Messdatenverarbeitung und Kommunikation • Betreiben einer Messnetzzentrale, Plausibilitätskontrolle der Daten und deren Übergabe an das Landesamt für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie und an die Öffentlichkeit • Absicherung und Überwachung der vorgegebenen Qualitätsstandards bei den Messungen durch den Betrieb eines Referenz- und Kalibrierlabors • Sicherung der Verfügbarkeit aller Messdaten zu > 95% • Weiterentwicklung des Luftmessnetzes entsprechend den gesetzlichen Anforderungen • Betreuung eines Depositionsmessnetzes (Niederschlag) mit zehn Messstellen • Betrieb von drei verkehrsnahen Sondermessstellen an hoch belasteten Straßen • Durchführung von Sondermessungen mit Immissionsmesswagen und mobilen Containern • Betrieb von Partikelmesssystemen im Submikronbereich (Zählung ultrafeiner Partikel) in Dresden • Betrieb von Verkehrszähleinrichtungen und Übernahmen dieser Verkehrszähldaten sowie von Pegelmessstellen der Städte in den Datenbestand des Luftmessnetzes Fachbereich 24 - Emissionsmessungen, Referenz- und Kalibrierlabor Der Fachbereich befasst sich mit der Durchführung von Emissionsmessungen an ausgewählten Anlagen aus besonderem Anlass im Auftrag des LfULG. Beispiele: • Emissionsmessungen an Blockheizkraftwerken in der Landwirtschaft (Geruch, Stickoxide, Gesamtkohlenstoff und Formaldehyd). • Ermittlung der Stickstoff-Deposition aus Tierhaltungsanlagen für Geflügel und Rinder (Emissionsmessungen von Ammoniak, Lachgas, Methan, Wasser, Kohlendioxid, Feuchte, Temperatur und Luftströmung , Ammoniak-Immissionsmessung mit DOAS-Trassenmesssystem). • Untersuchung von Emissionen aus holzgefeuerten Kleinfeuerungsanlagen zur Abschätzung von Auswirkungen der novellierten 1. BImSchV. • Unterstützung des LfULG bei der Überwachung bekannt gegebener Messstellen nach § 26 BImSchG.

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