Global Cloud-Top Height (CTH) as derived from the Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI instrument. Clouds play a crucial role in the Earth's climate system and have significant effects on trace gas retrievals. The cloud-top height is retrieved from the O2-A band using the ROCINN algorithm. Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid.
The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers.
The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4).
Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.
Aerosol Index (AI) as derived from TROPOMI observations. AI is an indicator for episodic aerosol plumes from dust outbreaks, volcanic ash, and biomass burning.
The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers.
The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties.
This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.
The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument continues the long-term monitoring of atmospheric trace gas constituents started with GOME / ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY / Envisat. Currently, there are three GOME-2 instruments operating on board EUMETSAT's Meteorological Operational satellites MetOp-A, -B, and -C, launched in October 2006, September 2012, and November 2018, respectively. GOME-2 can measure a range of atmospheric trace constituents, with the emphasis on global ozone distributions. Furthermore, cloud properties and intensities of ultraviolet radiation are retrieved. These data are crucial for monitoring the atmospheric composition and the detection of pollutants. DLR generates operational GOME-2 / MetOp level 2 products in the framework of EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facility on Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring (AC-SAF). GOME-2 near-real-time products are available already two hours after sensing.
The operational HCHO total column products are generated using the algorithm GDP (GOME Data Processor) version 4.x integrated into the UPAS (Universal Processor for UV / VIS Atmospheric Spectrometers) processor for generating level 2 trace gas and cloud products.
For more details please refer to relevant peer-review papers listed on the GOME and GOME-2 documentation pages: https://atmos.eoc.dlr.de/app/docs/
Die Kenntnisse ueber die Effektorwirkungen von Lactonen und Reduktionen bei der enzymatischen Cellulolyse sollen auf die Herstellung technischer Cellulosepraeparate angewendet werden. Letztere werden zur Verzuckerung cellulosehaltiger Abfaelle (u.a. Stroh, Altpapier, Obst- und Gemueseabfaelle) zwecks Gewinnung von Energietraegern (Methan, Aethanol) oder Biomasse (Protein) benoetigt.
Currently, the herpetological collection houses more than 100,000 catalogued specimens. Amphibians and reptiles are traditionally combined in the collection, with the latter making up nearly two thirds of the total specimens. The collection includes type specimens of around 650 taxa, among them more than 300 primary types (i.e. holotypes, lectotypes, and neotypes) and 100 syntypes that objectively define a scientific name and are literally irreplaceable. The majority of specimens is wet material preserved in ethanol, but the collection also includes osteological specimens and (sub-)fossils. These figures make the herpetological collection at the Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB) - Museum Koenig Bonn one of the largest of its kind in Germany and also one of international importance. Correspondingly to their high species diversity, frogs and squamates (lizards and snakes) represent the majority of species. However, members of all major groups of amphibians (salamanders and caecilians) and reptiles (crocodiles, turtles, and tuataras) are found in the collection. There is no explicit geographic focus and specimens are originating not only from Europe, but from more than 200 countries worldwide. Due to the research focus of past curators and students, the at the Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB) - Museum Koenig Bonn holds remarkable collections from the Mediterranean, the Middle East, Africa, Madagascar, and Brazil. Recent geographical focuses are Southeast Asia, Peru, and the western Palearctic.