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Water and sediment analysis from column experiments

This data set contains data from water analyses from column experiments. The water analyses included cations (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron and manganese), anions (nitrate, chloride, sulphate, bromide and phosphate) and selected trace elements (arsenic, cobalt, nickel, vanadium and zinc). The column experiments were conducted with two different types of unconsolidated sandy sediments from aquifers in Denmark (Quaternary) and Germany (Cretaceous). In both sediments, the nitrate degradation capacity was almost exhausted. To induce denitrification, 5 mmol ethanol was added to the column experiments. This also caused a decrease in the concentration of trace elements in the water. A sequential extraction procedure was performed to determine the trace element sinks. The data set therefore also contains contents of selected elements (equal to water analyses) from the sequential extraction procedure of the sediment before and after the column tests. The results observed in the laboratory were additionally modeled with Phreeqc. The Phreeqc input data complete the data set.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Ultraviolet Index (UVI), Level 3 – Global

UV Index (UVI) as derived from TROPOMI observations. The UVI describes the intensity of the solar ultraviolet radiation. Values around zero indicate low, values greater than 10 indicate very high UV exposure on the ground. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Ozone (O3), Level 3 – Global

Ozone vertical column density in Dobson Units as derived from Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI observations. The stratospheric ozone layer protects the biosphere from harmful solar ultraviolet radiation. Ozone in troposphere can pose risks to the health of humans, animals, and vegetation. The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4). Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Cloud-Top Height (CTH), Level 3 – Global

Global Cloud-Top Height (CTH) as derived from the Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI instrument. Clouds play a crucial role in the Earth's climate system and have significant effects on trace gas retrievals. The cloud-top height is retrieved from the O2-A band using the ROCINN algorithm. Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4). Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.

Regulation der Wurzelwasseraufnahme von Waldbäumen: In situ-Absorptionsraten, Cavitationsgefährdung und morphologische und chemische Anpassung der Wurzeln an Wassermangel bei trockenheitsertragenden (Waldkiefer) und trockenheitsempfindlichen Baumarten (Rotbuche, Hybridpappel)

Die Wasseraufnahme von Pflanzen gehört aus methodischen Gründen zu den am wenigsten erforschten Bereichen der Ökophysiologie. Mit neu entwickelten Miniatursaftflusssystemen soll die Wasseraufnahme von drei wichtigen Nutzbaumarten (Kiefer, Buche, Pappel) in situ an Altbäumen gemessen werden, und oberflächenbezogene Wasseraufnahmeraten in Beziehung zu steuernden Umweltvariablen (Bodenfeuchte, vpd, Strahlung) gesetzt werden. An denselben Wurzeln werden Xylem-Wasserpotentiale, die anatomische Struktur von Periderm und axialem Leitgewebe, die CavitationsGefährdung (nach Sperry) und der Suberin- und Lignin-Gehalt der Periderm-Zellwände (mittels Methanol-Borontrifluorid bzw. Thiacidolyse) gemessen, um pflanzliche Einflussgrößen der radialen (Lpr) und axialen hydraulischen Leitfähigkeit (Kh) der Wurzel zu erfassen. Durch den Vergleich von Baumarten mit unterschiedlicher Trockenheitsempfindlichkeit (Kiefer vs. Buche) und hoher bzw. niedriger Transpirationsrate (Pappel vs. Kiefer) soll geklärt werden, ob (1) hohe Transpirationsraten mit hohen Wurzelwasseraufnahmeraten und großen radialen Wurzel-Leitfähigkeiten verbunden sind, (2) trockenheitsempfindliche Baumarten eine höhere Cavitationsempfindlichkeit ihrer Feinwurzeln aufweisen, und (3) Baumwurzeln sich durch Änderungen von hydraulischer Leitfähigkeit und Wurzeloberflächenentwicklung an Bodentrockenheit anpassen können.

Verminderung geruchsintensiver und alkoholhaltiger Abgasemissionen aus der Herstellung von Keramikformen einer Feingiesserei durch Biofilter

Bei der Herstellung keramischer Formen werden beim Tauchen der Modelle zur Aushaertung alkoholhaltige Bindemittel eingesetzt, die im Verlauf des Haerteprozesses verdampfen. Die dabei entstehende Abluft enthaelt Ethanolkonzentrationen. Weitere organische Abgasbestandteile fuehren zur Geruchsbelastung. In einem Biofilter, der als Etagenfilter in Modulbauweise 166 m3= 3000 m3 Luft/h dividiert durch 180 m3 Filtermaterial errichtet und fuer eine spezifische Belastung von m3 Abgas pro Stunde und m3 Filtervolumen ausgelegt wird, sollen 30.000 m3 Abluft pro Stunde gereinigt werden. Das Filtermaterial besteht aus einem biologisch aktivem Kompost-Gemisch.

Entwicklung einer Technologie zur dezentralen Synthese von Flüssigkraftstoffen aus festen biogenen Reststoffen, Teilvorhaben: Bewertung und Optimierung der kombinierten Wärme-, Strom- und Kraftstofferzeugung in gekoppelten Energiesystemen

Hydrierung von CO2

Das Ziel des Projektes ist die Untersuchung der Hydrierung von CO2, und zwar vor allem Umwandlung von CO2 mit H2 zu Methanol. Dies ist ein Prozess, der bei hohem Druck und etwa 250 Grad C ablaeuft. Ein ganz wichtiger Aspekt ist es, den richtigen Katalysator zu finden, der bei moeglichst tiefen Temperaturen funktioniert. Eine eventuelle Anwendung dieses Prozesses in der Zukunft waere die Umwandlung von aus Rauchgasen gewonnenem CO2 mit CO2-frei erzeugtem H2 zu Methanol.

Chlorophyll a, extracellular polymeric substance concentration and 16S rRNA gene copy numbers in saltmarsh sediments in response to a storm surge

Samples were taken to study the effect of storm surges on ecosystem functioning of salt marsh microbial communities. Sediment samples were collected from experimental salt marsh islands located in the back-barrier tidal flats of Spiekeroog Island, German North Sea (53°45′N, 7°43′E). The islands consist of three elevation zones (0.7 m, 1.0 m, and 1.3 m above mean sea level), corresponding to pioneer zone, lower salt marsh, and upper salt marsh. Six islands were sampled (three initially bare; three transplanted with lower salt marsh sediment and vegetation). Sampling was conducted in September 2022 (pre-disturbance), March 2023 (post-winter storm surges), and August 2023 (recovery phase). Surface sediments (upper 2 cm) were collected using syringe cores. Pooled samples were analyzed for chlorophyll a as a proxy for microphytobenthos biomass using ethanol extraction and spectrophotometric pigment analysis. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were quantified using EDTA extraction followed by phenol–sulfuric acid carbohydrate analysis. DNA was extracted from sediment subsamples using a Qiagen PowerSoil kit. Prokaryotic abundance was estimated by quantitative PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene (primers 519F/907R), using an Escherichia coli 16S rRNA gene standard curve. The dataset includes chlorophyll a concentrations (µg g⁻¹ dry sediment), EPS carbohydrate concentrations, and prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene copy numbers for all sampling times, elevations, and treatments.

H2Mare-VB2, Teilvorhaben: Erforschung von Konzepten für integrierte PtX-Verfahren zur Herstellung von Fischer-Tropsch-Produkten, Methanol und Ammoniak auf Offshore-Plattformen

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