DWD’s fully automatic MOSMIX product optimizes and interprets the forecast calculations of the NWP models ICON (DWD) and IFS (ECMWF), combines these and calculates statistically optimized weather forecasts in terms of point forecasts (PFCs). Thus, statistically corrected, updated forecasts for the next ten days are calculated for about 5400 locations around the world. Most forecasting locations are spread over Germany and Europe. MOSMIX forecasts (PFCs) include nearly all common meteorological parameters measured by weather stations. For further information please refer to: [in German: https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/met_verfahren_mosmix/met_verfahren_mosmix.html ] [in English: https://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/met_application_mosmix/met_application_mosmix.html ]
DWD’s fully automatic MOSMIX product optimizes and interprets the forecast calculations of the NWP models ICON (DWD) and IFS (ECMWF), combines these and calculates statistically optimized weather forecasts in terms of point forecasts (PFCs). Thus, statistically corrected, updated forecasts for the next ten days are calculated for about 5400 locations around the world. Most forecasting locations are spread over Germany and Europe. MOSMIX forecasts (PFCs) include nearly all common meteorological parameters measured by weather stations. For further information please refer to: [in German: https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/met_verfahren_mosmix/met_verfahren_mosmix.html ] [in English: https://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/met_application_mosmix/met_application_mosmix.html ]
DWD’s fully automatic MOSMIX product optimizes and interprets the forecast calculations of the NWP models ICON (DWD) and IFS (ECMWF), combines these and calculates statistically optimized weather forecasts in terms of point forecasts (PFCs). Thus, statistically corrected, updated forecasts for the next ten days are calculated for about 5400 locations around the world. Most forecasting locations are spread over Germany and Europe. MOSMIX forecasts (PFCs) include nearly all common meteorological parameters measured by weather stations. For further information please refer to: [in German: https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/met_verfahren_mosmix/met_verfahren_mosmix.html ] [in English: https://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/met_application_mosmix/met_application_mosmix.html ]
DWD’s fully automatic MOSMIX product optimizes and interprets the forecast calculations of the NWP models ICON (DWD) and IFS (ECMWF), combines these and calculates statistically optimized weather forecasts in terms of point forecasts (PFCs). Thus, statistically corrected, updated forecasts for the next ten days are calculated for about 5400 locations around the world. Most forecasting locations are spread over Germany and Europe. MOSMIX forecasts (PFCs) include nearly all common meteorological parameters measured by weather stations. For further information please refer to: [in German: https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/met_verfahren_mosmix/met_verfahren_mosmix.html ] [in English: https://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/met_application_mosmix/met_application_mosmix.html ]
DWD’s fully automatic MOSMIX product optimizes and interprets the forecast calculations of the NWP models ICON (DWD) and IFS (ECMWF), combines these and calculates statistically optimized weather forecasts in terms of point forecasts (PFCs). Thus, statistically corrected, updated forecasts for the next ten days are calculated for about 5400 locations around the world. Most forecasting locations are spread over Germany and Europe. MOSMIX forecasts (PFCs) include nearly all common meteorological parameters measured by weather stations. For further information please refer to: [in German: https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/met_verfahren_mosmix/met_verfahren_mosmix.html ] [in English: https://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/met_application_mosmix/met_application_mosmix.html ]
DWD’s fully automatic MOSMIX product optimizes and interprets the forecast calculations of the NWP models ICON (DWD) and IFS (ECMWF), combines these and calculates statistically optimized weather forecasts in terms of point forecasts (PFCs). Thus, statistically corrected, updated forecasts for the next ten days are calculated for about 5400 locations around the world. Most forecasting locations are spread over Germany and Europe. MOSMIX forecasts (PFCs) include nearly all common meteorological parameters measured by weather stations. For further information please refer to: [in German: https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/met_verfahren_mosmix/met_verfahren_mosmix.html ] [in English: https://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/met_application_mosmix/met_application_mosmix.html ]
Das Projekt "MACSIMS II: Messung atmosphaerischer Bestandteile mittels selektiver Ionenmassenspektrometrie" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Bern, Physikalisches Institut durchgeführt. Objective: The major objective of this proposal is to further develop and refine a method for the simultaneous in-situ measurement of HNO3, N2O5 and ClONO2. It is the continuation of the MACSIMS I project (contract EV5V-CT92-0062), in which a balloon borne instrument was developed, which is based upon active chemical ionization, using specially designed ion sources and a new magnetic double focusing mass spectrometer with simultaneous ion detection. The objectives of this project can be summarized as follows: 1. Continue the efforts to refine and finalize the balloon borne MACSIMS instrument, shown in figure 1 and based upon the combination of a flow tube equipped with special ion sources and a magnetic ion mass spectrometer, which allows the simultaneous measurement of stratospheric HNO3 and the sum of N2O5 + ClONO2 in the altitude region 15 to 30 km. Perform 2 balloon flights with the instrument and analyze the data. 2. Perform the required laboratory measurements of the ion-molecule reaction rates required for the analysis of the data obtained with this instrument. 3. Perform the necessary research and laboratory tests to develop a method for measuring ClONO2 and to adapt the instrument for this purpose. Modify the instrument accordingly and apply the method in the second balloon flight. 4. Investigate by laboratory testing and measurements the possibilities to extend the instrument for the measurement of neutral trace gases (HNO3, N2O5 and ClONO2) as well as ambient ions, so as to provide additional information about H2SO4 in the lower stratosphere. General Information: To reach the objectives some specific tasks are scheduled such as: - Developments and improvements for a balloon borne instrument; - Realization of 2 balloon flight and data analysis; - Ion molecule reaction measurements; - Study for detection of ClONO2; - Study for ambient ion measurements in future stages. The project itself is the development of a method, which is an extension of the ACIMS method developed by the research group of the Max-Planck-Institut fuer Kernphysik in Heidelberg. However in the MACSIMS project selective ionization is done by ionizing gases taken along in the payload leading to ions such as Cln- and In- instead of ionizing the ambient air. The methods used for the development are the mass spectrometry and the flowing afterglow measurements.