The goal of this project is to capture and analyse fluctuations of the fresh water in the western Nordic Seas and to understand the related processes. The East Greenland Current in the Nordic Seas constitutes an important conduit for fresh water exiting the Arctic Ocean towards the North Atlantic. The Arctic Ocean receives huge amounts of fresh water by continental runoff and by import from the Pacific Ocean. Within the Arctic Ocean fresh water is concentrated at the surface through sea ice formation. The East Greenland Current carries this fresh water in variable fractions as sea ice and in liquid form; part of it enters the central Nordic Seas, via branching of the current and through eddies. It controls the intensity of deep water formation and dilutes the water masses which result from convection. The last decades showed significant changes of the fresh water yield and distribution in the Nordic Seas and such anomalies were found to circulate through the North Atlantic. In this project the fresh water inventory, its spatial distribution and its pathways between the East Greenland Current and the interior Greenland and Icelandic seas shall be captured by autonomous glider missions. The new measurements and existing data will, in combination with the modeling work of the research group, serve as basis for understanding the causes of the fresh water variability and their consequences for the North Atlantic circulation and deep water formation.
Methoden des terrestrischen Carbon Dioxide Removal (tCDR) wie Aufforstung und Biomasseplantagen werden zuweilen als effektive, 'grüne' und sichere Varianten des Klimaengineering (CE) verstanden wegen ihrer Möglichkeit, die natürliche CO2-Aufnahme durch die Biosphäre zu erhöhen, und ihrer denkbaren ökonomischen Tragfähigkeit. Erkenntnisse aus der ersten Phase des CE-LAND-Projekts legen indes nahe, dass tCDR aufgrund schwieriger erdsystemischer und ethischer Fragen ebenso kontrovers wie andere CE-Methoden ist. CO2-Budgetierungen und rein ökonomische Bewertungen sind daher um profunde Analysen der natürlichen Begrenzungen, der Auswirkungen auf das Erdsystem mit damit verbundenen Unsicherheiten, der Tradeoffs mit anderen Land- und Wassernutzungen und der weitreichenden ethischen Implikationen von tCDR-Maßnahmen zu ergänzen. Analysen hypothetischer Szenarien der ersten Projektphase zeigen, dass effektives tCDR die Umwidmung großer Flächen voraussetzt, womit schwierige Abwägungsprozesse mit anderen Landnutzungen verbunden wären. Darüber hinaus zeigt sich, dass signifikante Nebenwirkungen im Klimasystem (außer der bezweckten Senkung der Weltmitteltemperatur) und in terrestrischen biogeochemischen Kreisläufen aufträten. CE-LAND+ bietet eine tiefergehende quantitative, räumlich explizite Evaluierung der nicht-ökonomischen Kosten einer Biosphärentransformation für tCDR. Potentielle Tradeoffs und Impakts wie auch die systematische Untersuchung von Unsicherheiten in ihrer Abschätzung werden mit zwei Vegetationsmodellen, einem Erdsystemmodell und, neu im Projekt, dynamischen Biodiversitätsmodellen analysiert. Konkret wird CE-LAND+ bisher kaum bilanzierte Tradeoffs untersuchen: einerseits zwischen der Maximierung der Flächennutzung für tCDR bzw. Biodiversitätsschutz, andererseits zwischen der Maximierung der Süßwasserverfügbarkeit für tCDR bzw. Nahrungsmittelproduktion sowie Flussökosysteme. Auch werden die (in)direkten Auswirkungen veränderten Klimas und tCDR-bedingter Landnutzungsänderungen auf Wasserknappheit (mit diversen Metriken und unter Annahme verschiedener Varianten des Wassermanagements) und Biodiversität quantifiziert. Die Tradeoffs und Impakts werden im Kontext von neben der Bekämpfung des Klimawandels formulierten globalen Nachhaltigkeitszielen - Biodiversitätsschutz, Wasser- und Ernährungssicherheit interpretiert - was sonst nicht im Schwerpunktprogramm vermittelt wird. Ferner wird das Projekt zu besserem Verständnis und besserer Quantifizierung von Unsicherheiten von tCDR-Effekten unter zukünftigem Klima beitragen. Hierzu untersucht es modellstrukturbedingte Unterschiede, Wachstum und Mortalität von tCDR-Pflanzungen unter wärmeren und CO2-reicheren Bedingungen und Wechselwirkungen zwischen tCDR-bezogenen Landnutzungsaktivitäten und Klima. Schließlich wird CE-LAND+ in Kooperationen innerhalb des Schwerpunktprogramms und mit einer repräsentativen Auswahl von Szenarien zur Evaluierung tCDR-bedingter Tradeoffs aus umweltethischer Sicht beitragen.
It is well established that reduced supply of fresh organic matter, interactions of organic matter with mineral phases and spatial inaccessibility affect C stocks in subsoils. However, quantitative information required for a better understanding of the contribution of each of the different processes to C sequestration in subsoils and for improvements of subsoil C models is scarce. The same is true for the main controlling factors of the decomposition rates of soil organic matter in subsoils. Moreover, information on spatial variabilities of different properties in the subsoil is rare. The few studies available which couple near and middle infrared spectroscopy (NIRS/MIRS) with geostatistical approaches indicate a potential for the creation of spatial maps which may show hot spots with increased biological activities in the soil profile and their effects on the distribution of C contents. Objectives are (i) to determine the mean residence time of subsoil C in different fractions by applying fractionation procedures in combination with 14C measurements; (ii) to study the effects of water content, input of 13C-labelled roots and dissolved organic matter and spatial inaccessibility on C turnover in an automatic microcosm system; (iii) to determine general soil properties and soil biological and chemical characteristics using NIRS and MIRS, and (iv) to extrapolate the measured and estimated soil properties to the vertical profiles by using different spatial interpolation techniques. For the NIRS/MIRS applications, sample pretreatment (air-dried vs. freeze-dried samples) and calibration procedures (a modified partial least square (MPLS) approach vs. a genetic algorithm coupled with MPLS or PLS) will be optimized. We hypothesize that the combined application of chemical fractionation in combination with 14C measurements and the results of the incubation experiments will give the pool sizes of passive, intermediate, labile and very labile C and N and the mean residence times of labile and very labile C and N. These results will make it possible to initialize the new quantitative model to be developed by subproject PC. Additionally, we hypothesize that the sample pretreatment 'freeze-drying' will be more useful for the estimation of soil biological characteristics than air-drying. The GA-MPLS and GA-PLS approaches are expected to give better estimates of the soil characteristics than the MPLS and PLS approaches. The spatial maps for the different subsoil characteristics in combination with the spatial maps of temperature and water contents will presumably enable us to explain the spatial heterogeneity of C contents.
We will compare the role of an RNA-binding protein in floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana and Hordeum vulgare. The RNA-binding protein AtGRP7 promotes floral transition mainly by downregulating the floral repressor FLC via the autonomous pathway. Based on our observation that AtGRP7 affects the steady-state abundance of a suite of microRNA precursors, we will globally compare the small RNA component of the transcriptome during FTi regulation in wild type plants and AtGRP7 overexpressors by deep sequencing. This will extend the knowledge on small RNAs associated with floral transition and provide insights into the regulatory network downstream of this RNA-binding protein. Further, we will address the question how AtGRP7 orthologues function in crop species lacking FLC homologues. A barley line with highly elevated levels of the AtGRP7 orthologue HvGR-RBP1 shows accelerated FTi and preanthesis development when compared to a near-isogenic parent with very low expression of this gene. We will characterize in detail flowering of this line with respect to different photoperiods and its vernalization requirement. We will employ a TILLING approach to further delineate the function of HvGR-RBP1 in flowering. A candidate gene approach to identify downstream targets will provide insights into the signaling pathways through which HvGR-RBP1 influences FTi. This project contributes to the development of a functional cross-species network of FTi regulators, the major strategic aim of the SPP.
Elaboration of various Guidance Documents (R1-Efficiency, Definitions, Waste Hierarchy, Exemptions and Separate Collection, Mixing Ban) - Elaboration of an EU-Guidance Document for the calculation of the R1-Efficiency factor for municipal solid waste incineration plants in collaboration with the working group on R1-Efficiency consisting of MS representatives, other stakeholders including the industry and NGOs - Organisation and realisation of Awareness Raising Events on the legal implementation of the new Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC) and its practical enforcement in 15 Member States - Guidance for implementation and enforcement of the Waste Shipment Regulation (1013/2006/EC) (Article 18, Annex 7, Article 49 and 50), Proposal for a guideline on financial guarantee under the waste shipment regulation, including stakeholder involvement - Revision on guidance document for waste management planning, including stakeholder involvement - Identification of need for minimum treatment standards for waste streams and treatment methods not covered by IPPC, pursuant to Article 27, elaboration of a corresponding proposals for need of action, including stakeholder involvement - Elaboration and Management of an Electronic forum for information exchange as regards the waste shipment regulation.
Das Programm Soziale Stadt ist ein Städtebauförderungsprogramm. Es wurde zwischen1999 und 2019 eingesetzt, um einer zunehmenden sozialräumlichen Spaltung in deutschen Städten entgegenzuwirken. Benachteiligte Stadtteile und Quartiere mit besonderen sozialen, wirtschaftlichen und städtebaulichen Problemen sollten durch das Programm in ihrer Entwicklung gefördert, aufgewertet und stabilisiert werden. Zu den Soziale Stadt-Gebieten der Stadt Bremen gehören derzeit: Neue Vahr Osterholz-Tenever Huchting Hemelingen Huckelriede Zu den ehemaligen Soziale Stadt-Gebieten der Stadt Bremen gehören: Lüssum-Bockhorn Gröpelingen Oslebshausen Grohn Schweizer Viertel Kattenturm
Populations of P. fortinii from allover Europe are examined using microsatellites to construct gene genealogies and infer evolutionary history. The tree-root endophyte Phialocephala fortinii s.l. (mitosporic Ascomycota) is the dominant colonizer of conifer root systems in forests in the northern hemisphere. P. fortinii s.l. is genetically highly diverse and forms a complex of several cryptic species. Recombination occurs or has occurred within cryptic species and to some extent also among them (introgression). Cryptic species occur sympatrically and they can form large thalli, but it remains unclear whether the observed patterns of spatial distribution reflect local climax situations or are the results of recent gene and genotype flow. One of the key objectives will be to estimate population genetic parameters (eg. migration rates, genotype flow, recombination) within and among populations of cryptic species in forests where man-mediated genotype flow can be excluded. Other key objectives are the determination of the number, frequency, distribution and evolutionary history of the cryptic species in Europe and to identify the driving forces for speciation. The approach will be multidisciplinary and will include standard mycological and microbiological methods as well as molecular genetic techniques such as microsatellite fingerprinting and DNA sequencing. The evolutionary history of haplotypes at both the population and species level will be reconstructed and the results will be compared with known patterns of pleistocenic glaciations and postglacial recolonization of host trees. The project will be a significant contribution to the understanding of the population and evolutionary genetics of a versatile and ecologically extremely successful fungal genus and it will shed light on the effects of pleistocenic and postglacial climatic changes on fungal speciation.
Die Stickstoff-Gesamtbilanz (synonym: Hoftorbilanz, Sektorbilanz, Stoffstrombilanz) für die Landwirtschaft umfasst die drei Komponenten: Flächenbilanz (Pflanzen- bzw. Bodenproduktion), Stallbilanz (tierische Erzeugung) und Biogasbilanz (Erzeugung von Biogas). Für regionale Gliederungen unterhalb der Ebene des Bundesgebietes, das heißt für Bundesländer, Kreise oder Gemeinden, können nach wie vor aufgrund der eingeschränkten Datenverfügbarkeit im Regelfall nur Flächenbilanzen ermittelt werden. Grundsätzlich ist an regionalisierte Bilanzierungen die Forderung zu stellen, dass sich mit der jeweiligen Methodik ein annähernd identischer Wert des Flächenbilanzüberschusses berechnet (in der Summe über alle regionalen Einheiten im Bundesgebiet) wie für Deutschland als Ganzes. Die Zeitreihe des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL 2024) für das Bundesgebiet ist dabei als Referenzwert anzusehen. Der N-Überschuss der Flächenbilanz entspricht der Differenz zwischen den N-Zufuhren und den N-Abfuhren auf der landwirtschaftlich genutzten Fläche der Kreise während eines Bilanzjahres. In der vorliegenden Berechnung beinhaltet der Flächenbilanz-Überschuss den Eintrag von Stickstoff in den Boden (i) ohne Abzug der NH3-Verluste, die bei der Ausbringung von Wirtschaftsdünger, Gärresten und Mineraldünger auf der Fläche auftreten, sowie (ii) ohne Abzug von N2-, NOX- und N2O-Emissionen aus dem Boden, die in Folge von Nitrifikation und Denitrifikation entstehen. Weiterhin werden die N-Verluste infolge des Abbaus der organischen Bodensubstanz in anmoorigen und Moor-Böden unter Acker- und Grünland-Nutzung nicht berücksichtigt.
Existing models of soil organic matter (SOM) formation consider plant material as the main source of SOM. Recent results from nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of SOM and from own incubation studies, however, show that microbial residues also contribute to a large extent to SOM formation. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the soil mineral sur-faces are covered by numerous small patchy fragments (100 - 500 nm) deriving from microbial cell wall residues. We will study the formation and fate of these patchy fragments as continuously produced interfaces in artificial soil systems (quartz, montmorillonite, iron oxides, bacteria and carbon sources). We will quantify the relative contributions of different types of soil organisms to patchy fragment formation and elucidate the effect of redox con-ditions and iron mineralogy on the formation and turnover of patchy fragments. The develop-ment of patchy fragments during pedogenesis will be followed by studying soil samples from a chronosequence in the forefield of the retreating Damma glacier. We will characterize chemical and physical properties of the patchy fragments by nanothermal analysis and microscale condensation experiments in an environmental scanning electron microscope. The results will help understanding the processes at and characteristics of biogeochemical interfaces.
This subproject aims to analyze the fragmentation of forest policy at both an international and national level for the selected countries, employing a discourse analysis approach. It is split into two sub-subprojects (SSPs). 'SSPa' conducts an analysis of discursive genealogies of forest policy in Germany, Sweden, and the US. 'SSPb' investigates the history of forest related discourses in three global environmental policy processes (UNFF, CBD, and UNFCCC). In doing so, both SSPs follow a three step procedure: In the first work package, relevant literature is reviewed and a theoretical and analytical framework is developed. In the second work package, empirical data (mostly formal and informal policy documents) are gathered and analyzed. In the third work package, emphasis is placed on the role of political 'elites' in the creation of fragmented forest policy discourses at different levels; in-depth interviews with policy stakeholders and experts add another perspective to the analysis in this work package. The project is expected to develop a new understanding not only of the fragmentation of multi-level and multi-sector forest policy discourses, but also of the way in which 'discourse elites' interact with and within these discourses. The results of the work packages will be published in peer reviewed journals and discussed with policy stakeholders and scientists in conferences and workshops.
| Organisation | Count |
|---|---|
| Bund | 807 |
| Europa | 16 |
| Land | 8 |
| Weitere | 1 |
| Wissenschaft | 369 |
| Zivilgesellschaft | 10 |
| Type | Count |
|---|---|
| Daten und Messstellen | 9 |
| Förderprogramm | 805 |
| unbekannt | 5 |
| License | Count |
|---|---|
| Offen | 817 |
| Unbekannt | 2 |
| Language | Count |
|---|---|
| Deutsch | 163 |
| Englisch | 782 |
| Resource type | Count |
|---|---|
| Archiv | 5 |
| Datei | 9 |
| Dokument | 2 |
| Keine | 600 |
| Webseite | 209 |
| Topic | Count |
|---|---|
| Boden | 680 |
| Lebewesen und Lebensräume | 791 |
| Luft | 605 |
| Mensch und Umwelt | 817 |
| Wasser | 599 |
| Weitere | 819 |