La methode developpee consiste a assimiler le tremblement a une vibration, a le mesurer et l'analyser comme telle. L'interet suscite par les premiers resultats publies depuis 1979 a incite a preciser certains parametres pouvant influencer, soit le tremblement lui-meme, soit son enregistrement. D'autre part, cette etude vise aussi a simplifier le depouillement et l'analyse de l'enregistrement, a definir les indices les plus aptes a carateriser le spectre du tremor, enfin a apprecier la reproductibilite inter- et intra-individuelle. Sont presentes ici les resultats d'une etude du tremor de la main portant sur un groupe de 30 personnes en bonne sante. Il est prevu d'utiliser la methode dans diverses situations cliniques. (FRA)
Strahlentherapien (inklusive Strahlendiagnostik) in Kombination mit Chemo-/Immuntherapien oder anderen Neurotoxinen verursachen schwere Nebenwirkungen wie kognitive Beeinträchtigungen. Die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen sind nicht bekannt, korrelieren aber mit einer gestörten Neurogenese/-regeneration. Im Forschungsvorhaben wird basierend auf humanen embryonalen Stammzellen eine in vitro (organoide) Kultur etabliert, die die Neurogenese/-regeneration mit den beteiligten Zelltypen des Gehirns wie Neurone, Gliazellen und Mikroglia/Makrophagen nachbildet. Klinisch relevante Kombinationen von Strahlen- (Röntgen und Kohlenstoffionen) und Chemo-/oder Immuntherapien und andere Neurotoxine (z.B. Antikonvulsiva) werden anhand des Brain-Radiation-Assays getestet und die Signalkaskaden und Regulatoren identifiziert, die für die eingeschränkte neuronale Funktion verantwortlich sind. AP2.1 Transfer des neuronalen Differenzierungssystems für die MEA Methode; AP2.2 Elektrophysiologische von aus Stammzellen differenzierten neuronalen Zellen nach kombinierter Strahlen- und Medikamenteneinwirkung; AP2.3 Elektrophysiologische und immunchemische Untersuchung von Neuronen/Mikroglia Ko-Kulturen nach kombinierter Strahlen- und Medikamenteneinwirkung.
Background There has been a rising interest within the scientific community and the public about the environmental risk related to the abundance of microplastics in aquatic environments. Up to now, however, scientific knowledge in this context has been scarce and insufficient for a reliable risk assessment. To remedy this scarcity of data, we investigated possible adverse effects of polystyrene particles (104 particles/L) and the pesticide methiocarb (1 mg/L) in juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario) both by themselves as well as in combination after a 96 h laboratory exposure. PS beads (density 1.05 g/mL) were cryogenically milled and fractionated resulting in irregular-shaped particles (<50 (micro)m). Besides body weight of the animals, biomarkers for proteotoxicity (stress protein family Hsp70), oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation), and neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterases) were analyzed. As an indicator of overall health, histopathological effects were studied in liver and gills of exposed fish. Results Polystyrene particles by themselves did not influence any of the investigated biomarkers. In contrast, the exposure to methiocarb led to a significant reduction of the activity of acetylcholinesterase and the two carboxylesterases. Moreover, the tissue integrity of liver and gills was impaired by the pesticide. Body weight, the oxidative stress and the stress protein levels were not influenced by methiocarb. Effects caused by co-exposure of polystyrene microplastics and methiocarb were the same as those caused by methiocarb alone. Conclusions Overall, methiocarb led to negative effects in juvenile brown trout. In contrast, polystyrene microplastics in the tested concentration did not affect the health of juvenile brown trout and did not modulate the toxicity of methiocarb in this fish species. © The Author(s) 2020