Verkarstete, zerklüftete unterirdische Aquifere sind wichtige Trinkwasserquellen. Der Einsatz von Düngemitteln in der Landwirtschaft hat jedoch zu einer Nitratinfiltration geführt. Der Konsum von nitrathaltigem Trinkwasser könnte zu gesundheitlichen Problemen führen, und die Europäische Union hat festgelegt, dass die Stickstoffkonzentration im Trinkwasser weniger als 50 mg/L betragen muss, um trinkbar zu sein. In landwirtschaftlich genutzten Regionen liegen die Nitratkonzentrationen jedoch häufig über diesem Grenzwert. So wurden beispielsweise im Einzugsgebiet der Ammer (Deutschland) Nitratkonzentrationen von bis zu 60 mg/l gemessen, während die Abflussgebiete nur 1 mg/l Nitrat enthielten. Diese Konzentrationsunterschiede lassen auf eine intensive Denitrifikation schließen. In unterirdischen oligotrophen Umgebungen können Mikroorganismen die Nitratreduktion mit der Eisen-/Schwefeloxidation koppeln. Die Bestimmung räumlicher Hot Spots, in denen Mikroben eine wichtige Rolle bei der Denitrifikation im Untergrund spielen, ist eine Herausforderung, und es ist daher nicht bekannt, ob die Denitrifikation nur in Klüften oder auch in der porösen Gesteinsmatrix stattfindet. Wir haben Gesteinskerne aus 70 m Tiefe entnommen - der gesättigten Zone der Bronnbachquelle (Deutschland). Das einzigartige Bohrloch ohne Verrohrung diente der Errichtung einer Grundwassermessstelle. Das erste Ziel dieses Projekts besteht darin, die Taxonomie und die funktionellen Fähigkeiten der denitrifizierenden Mikroorganismen zu bestimmen, die das Karbonatgestein bewohnen. Das zweite Ziel ist die Charakterisierung der mikrobiellen Besiedlung Pyrit-haltiger künstlicher und natürlicher poröser Gesteinsmatrixen und der Pyritoxidationsrate durch Laborexperimente. Für diese In-vitro-Studie werden Mikroorganismen verwendet, die zuvor aus Karbonatgestein angereichert wurden und die die Nitratreduktion mit (Eisen/Schwefel)-Oxidation verbinden. Das dritte Ziel besteht darin, die In-situ-Pyrit-Oxidationsrate in den künstlichen und natürlichen porösen Gesteinsmatrixen zu bestimmen. Dies wird durch die langfristige Inkubation von Pyrit-haltigen mikrobiellen Fallen (MTDs; mit Gesteinsmatrixen) im neu installierten Grundwasserbrunnen und durch die Überwachung der Veränderungen in der Zusammensetzung und der Funktionen der mikrobiellen Gemeinschaften, die die MTDs besiedeln, erreicht. Mittels der kombinierten Ergebnisse der Feld- und Laborarbeiten werden wir Folgendes ermitteln: i) die ökologischen Nischen der nitratreduzierenden Mikroorganismen im Grundwasserleiter des Einzugsgebiets der Bronnbachquelle, ii) die wichtigsten Mikroorganismen, die für den Nitratumsatz verantwortlich sind, iii) die Stoffwechseleigenschaften und Funktionen der nitratreduzierenden Mikroorganismen, iv) das Potenzial der Denitrifikanten, die poröse Gesteinsmatrix zu besiedeln, v) die Faktoren, die die Effizienz der Denitrifikation beeinflussen, und v) die Pyritoxidationsrate innerhalb der porösen Gesteinsmatrix.
Rewetting peatlands is an important measure to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, after rewetting, the areas are highly heterogeneous in terms of GHG exchange, which depends on water level and source, vegetation, previous use, and duration of rewetting. These challenging conditions require new technologies that go beyond discrete sampling. Here we present data from two autonomous lander platforms deployed at the sediment-water interface (bottom lander) of a shallow coastal peatland (approx. 1 m water depth) that was rewetted by brackish water from the Baltic Sea, thus becoming part of the coastal water through a permanent connection. These landers were equipped with six commercially available state-of-the-art sensors, and temporal high-resolution measurements of physico-chemical variables, including partial pressures of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), were made. The resolution of the field data ranged from 10 seconds to 120 minutes and was obtained for partial pressure of CO2 (Contros HydroC-CO2) and CH4 (Contros HydroC-CH4), temperature, salinity, pressure (water depth), oxygen (O2) (CTD-O2 with SBE-37SMP-ODO), the concentrations of phosphate (SBE HydroCycle PO4), nitrate (SBE SUNA V2), chlorophyll a and the turbidity (both with SBE-FLNTUSB ECO) as stationary measurements at two different locations in close proximity. The CTD and oxygen measurements provide exact water depth data for the respective lander locations. In the other data sets (e.g., CO2 measurements) rounded data are inserted instead of the exact depth data, which is 0.6 m for lander_1 and 0.9 m for lander_2. SUNA raw data are provided for completeness. However, we found them of insufficient quality to estimate nitrate concentrations due to interferences and biofouling. The deployment and recovery of the landers, and thus the measurements, took place between 02 June 2021 and 09 August 2021, and the sensors were operated under permanent wired power supply and a centralized timestamp. The sensors were maintained and cleaned bi-weekly. Results show considerable temporal fluctuations expressed as multi-day, diurnal, and event-based variability, with spatial differences caused by biologically-dominated variables.
Projektbeschreibung Das Projekt Guerilla Sensing spricht alle interessierten Personen an, für die Umweltschutz mehr als nur ein Begriff ist und die ein Zeichen in unserer Gesellschaft setzen möchten, in dem sie bei Veränderungen selbst mitwirken und dadurch helfen, bestehende Umweltverschmutzungen in Oldenburg und Umgebung aufzudecken. Du bekommst von uns die einzigartige Möglichkeit deine eigene Messstation, die von uns entwickelte „Guerilla Box“, individuell zu gestalten, sie zu betreiben und damit verschiedenste Umweltverschmutzungen, wie z.B.: Feinstaub in der Luft, Nitratkonzentration im Boden, Lärmbelästigung, Radioaktivität und zahlreiche brennbare Gase aufzudecken und zu messen. Weiterhin ist es damit möglich, die Temperatur, den Luftdruck, Luft- und Bodenfeuchtigkeit, Zeit und Koordinaten zu ermitteln. Diese Messstationen sind kostengünstig und können in wenigen Schritten aufgestellt werden, sodass auch weniger technisch versierte Personen eigene Messungen durchführen können. Die Messergebnisse werden dann auf der Guerilla Plattform (G-Plattform) veröffentlicht, um die Gesellschaft zu informieren und damit den Handlungsdruck auf die Politik und öffentliche Entscheidungsträger zu erhöhen. Haben wir dein Interesse erweckt? Dann handele und trage dazu bei, deine Umwelt und Gesundheit zu schützen!
Die Umweltindikatoren des LANUK sind Mess- und Kennzahlen, mit denen sowohl die aktuelle Umweltsituation als auch Entwicklungstrends übersichtlich dargestellt und bewertet werden können. Durch Umweltindikatoren werden komplexe Aspekte, wie z. B. die Luftqualität, die Gewässergüte , der Energie- und Rohstoffverbrauch oder die Inanspruchnahme von Freiflächen messbar. Eine Beschreibung des Umweltzustandes durch Umweltindikatoren erhebt nicht den Anspruch, ein vollständiges Bild zu zeichnen. Vielmehr sollen relevante Teilaspekte hervorgehoben werden, deren Zustand und Entwicklung von besonderem Interesse ist. Entsprechend dem Erhebungsturnus wird auf Basis der jeweils verfügbaren Daten der Indikatorensatz im Internet einmal im Jahr aktualisiert. Im Datensatz sind Zeitreihendaten zu den folgenden NRWUmweltindikatoren enthalten: -Treibhausgasemissionen -Erneuerbare Energien bei Primärenergie- und Bruttostromverbrauch -Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung bei Nettostromerzeugung -Primär- und Endenergieverbrauch -Energieproduktivität -Rohstoffverbrauch und Rohstoffproduktivität -Stickstoffoxidemissionen -Stickstoffdioxidkonzentration im städtischen Hintergrund -Ozonkonzentration im städtischen Hintergrund -Feinstaubkonzentration im städtischen Hintergrund -Lärmbelastung -Haushaltsabfälle und Verwertung -Flächenverbrauch -Schwermetalleintrag an ländlichen Stationen -Ökologischer Zustand der oberirdischen Fließgewässer -Nitratkonzentration im Grundwasser -Gefährdete Arten -Naturschutzflächen -Laub-/Nadelbaumanteil -Waldzustand -Stickstoff- und Säureeintrag -Ökologische Landwirtschaft -Landwirtschaftsflächen mit hohem Naturwert -Stickstoff-Flächenbilanz (Stickstoff-Überschuss der landwirtschaftlich genutzten Fläche)
Es wird ein neues Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Stoffflussmustern auf der Skalenebene heterogener Waldbestände entwickelt. Es bildet die Grundlage für die Regionalisierung von Stoffflüssen in Buchenwäldern. Das Verfahren basiert auf einem neuen statistischen Design der Beprobung im Wald und auf der Bestimmung von Kat- und Anionen, des pH und DOC mit Mikromethoden (z.B. Kapillarelektrophorese). Viele für die Berechnung von Stoffbilanzen erforderliche Schlüsselvariable (z.B. NO3-Gehalt in der Bodenlösung, CO2-Fluß im Boden) bilden prinzipiell bekannte Zyklen, die von Globalvariablen wie Temperatur und Niederschlagsmenge kontrolliert werden. Konventionelle stationäre Messfelder ergeben räumlich unzureichende aber zeitlich redundante Informationen. Wir wollen daher auf randomisiert verteilten, 14-tägig wandernden Meßplots, alle das Stoffflussgeschehen im Boden antreibende Variable messen (Bestandesniederschlag, Bodentemperatur, Wasserpotentialgradient, Lösungskonzentrationen), um der räumlichen Heterogenität strukturreicher Wälder gerecht zu werden. In zwei Jahren werden pro Fläche 75 Punkte erfaßt, für die kontinuierliche Stoffflüsse berechnet werden können, da die Abhängigkeiten der Zyklen von den Globalvariablen bekannt sind.
Rewetting peatlands is an important measure to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, after rewetting, the areas are highly heterogeneous in terms of GHG exchange, which depends on water level and source, vegetation, previous use, and duration of rewetting. These challenging conditions require new technologies that go beyond discrete sampling. Here we present data from two autonomous lander platforms deployed at the sediment-water interface (bottom lander) of a shallow coastal peatland (approx. 1 m water depth) that was rewetted by brackish water from the Baltic Sea, thus becoming part of the coastal water through a permanent connection. These landers were equipped with six commercially available state-of-the-art sensors, and temporal high-resolution measurements of physico-chemical variables, including partial pressures of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), were made. The resolution of the field data ranged from 10 seconds to 120 minutes and was obtained for partial pressure of CO2 (Contros HydroC-CO2) and CH4 (Contros HydroC-CH4), temperature, salinity, pressure (water depth), oxygen (O2) (CTD-O2 with SBE-37SMP-ODO), the concentrations of phosphate (SBE HydroCycle PO4), nitrate (SBE SUNA V2), chlorophyll a and the turbidity (both with SBE-FLNTUSB ECO) as stationary measurements at two different locations in close proximity. The CTD and oxygen measurements provide exact water depth data for the respective lander locations. In the other data sets (e.g., CO2 measurements) rounded data are inserted instead of the exact depth data, which is 0.6 m for lander_1 and 0.9 m for lander_2. SUNA raw data are provided for completeness. However, we found them of insufficient quality to estimate nitrate concentrations due to interferences and biofouling. The deployment and recovery of the landers, and thus the measurements, took place between 02 June 2021 and 09 August 2021, and the sensors were operated under permanent wired power supply and a centralized timestamp. The sensors were maintained and cleaned bi-weekly. Results show considerable temporal fluctuations expressed as multi-day, diurnal, and event-based variability, with spatial differences caused by biologically-dominated variables.
Rewetting peatlands is an important measure to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, after rewetting, the areas are highly heterogeneous in terms of GHG exchange, which depends on water level and source, vegetation, previous use, and duration of rewetting. These challenging conditions require new technologies that go beyond discrete sampling. Here we present data from two autonomous lander platforms deployed at the sediment-water interface (bottom lander) of a shallow coastal peatland (approx. 1 m water depth) that was rewetted by brackish water from the Baltic Sea, thus becoming part of the coastal water through a permanent connection. These landers were equipped with six commercially available state-of-the-art sensors, and temporal high-resolution measurements of physico-chemical variables, including partial pressures of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), were made. The resolution of the field data ranged from 10 seconds to 120 minutes and was obtained for partial pressure of CO2 (Contros HydroC-CO2) and CH4 (Contros HydroC-CH4), temperature, salinity, pressure (water depth), oxygen (O2) (CTD-O2 with SBE-37SMP-ODO), the concentrations of phosphate (SBE HydroCycle PO4), nitrate (SBE SUNA V2), chlorophyll a and the turbidity (both with SBE-FLNTUSB ECO) as stationary measurements at two different locations in close proximity. The CTD and oxygen measurements provide exact water depth data for the respective lander locations. In the other data sets (e.g., CO2 measurements) rounded data are inserted instead of the exact depth data, which is 0.6 m for lander_1 and 0.9 m for lander_2. SUNA raw data are provided for completeness. However, we found them of insufficient quality to estimate nitrate concentrations due to interferences and biofouling. The deployment and recovery of the landers, and thus the measurements, took place between 02 June 2021 and 09 August 2021, and the sensors were operated under permanent wired power supply and a centralized timestamp. The sensors were maintained and cleaned bi-weekly. Results show considerable temporal fluctuations expressed as multi-day, diurnal, and event-based variability, with spatial differences caused by biologically-dominated variables.
Rewetting peatlands is an important measure to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, after rewetting, the areas are highly heterogeneous in terms of GHG exchange, which depends on water level and source, vegetation, previous use, and duration of rewetting. These challenging conditions require new technologies that go beyond discrete sampling. Here we present data from two autonomous lander platforms deployed at the sediment-water interface (bottom lander) of a shallow coastal peatland (approx. 1 m water depth) that was rewetted by brackish water from the Baltic Sea, thus becoming part of the coastal water through a permanent connection. These landers were equipped with six commercially available state-of-the-art sensors, and temporal high-resolution measurements of physico-chemical variables, including partial pressures of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), were made. The resolution of the field data ranged from 10 seconds to 120 minutes and was obtained for partial pressure of CO2 (Contros HydroC-CO2) and CH4 (Contros HydroC-CH4), temperature, salinity, pressure (water depth), oxygen (O2) (CTD-O2 with SBE-37SMP-ODO), the concentrations of phosphate (SBE HydroCycle PO4), nitrate (SBE SUNA V2), chlorophyll a and the turbidity (both with SBE-FLNTUSB ECO) as stationary measurements at two different locations in close proximity. The CTD and oxygen measurements provide exact water depth data for the respective lander locations. In the other data sets (e.g., CO2 measurements) rounded data are inserted instead of the exact depth data, which is 0.6 m for lander_1 and 0.9 m for lander_2. SUNA raw data are provided for completeness. However, we found them of insufficient quality to estimate nitrate concentrations due to interferences and biofouling. The deployment and recovery of the landers, and thus the measurements, took place between 02 June 2021 and 09 August 2021, and the sensors were operated under permanent wired power supply and a centralized timestamp. The sensors were maintained and cleaned bi-weekly. Results show considerable temporal fluctuations expressed as multi-day, diurnal, and event-based variability, with spatial differences caused by biologically-dominated variables.
Rewetting peatlands is an important measure to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, after rewetting, the areas are highly heterogeneous in terms of GHG exchange, which depends on water level and source, vegetation, previous use, and duration of rewetting. These challenging conditions require new technologies that go beyond discrete sampling. Here we present data from two autonomous lander platforms deployed at the sediment-water interface (bottom lander) of a shallow coastal peatland (approx. 1 m water depth) that was rewetted by brackish water from the Baltic Sea, thus becoming part of the coastal water through a permanent connection. These landers were equipped with six commercially available state-of-the-art sensors, and temporal high-resolution measurements of physico-chemical variables, including partial pressures of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), were made. The resolution of the field data ranged from 10 seconds to 120 minutes and was obtained for partial pressure of CO2 (Contros HydroC-CO2) and CH4 (Contros HydroC-CH4), temperature, salinity, pressure (water depth), oxygen (O2) (CTD-O2 with SBE-37SMP-ODO), the concentrations of phosphate (SBE HydroCycle PO4), nitrate (SBE SUNA V2), chlorophyll a and the turbidity (both with SBE-FLNTUSB ECO) as stationary measurements at two different locations in close proximity. The CTD and oxygen measurements provide exact water depth data for the respective lander locations. In the other data sets (e.g., CO2 measurements) rounded data are inserted instead of the exact depth data, which is 0.6 m for lander_1 and 0.9 m for lander_2. SUNA raw data are provided for completeness. However, we found them of insufficient quality to estimate nitrate concentrations due to interferences and biofouling. The deployment and recovery of the landers, and thus the measurements, took place between 02 June 2021 and 09 August 2021, and the sensors were operated under permanent wired power supply and a centralized timestamp. The sensors were maintained and cleaned bi-weekly. Results show considerable temporal fluctuations expressed as multi-day, diurnal, and event-based variability, with spatial differences caused by biologically-dominated variables.
Rewetting peatlands is an important measure to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, after rewetting, the areas are highly heterogeneous in terms of GHG exchange, which depends on water level and source, vegetation, previous use, and duration of rewetting. These challenging conditions require new technologies that go beyond discrete sampling. Here we present data from two autonomous lander platforms deployed at the sediment-water interface (bottom lander) of a shallow coastal peatland (approx. 1 m water depth) that was rewetted by brackish water from the Baltic Sea, thus becoming part of the coastal water through a permanent connection. These landers were equipped with six commercially available state-of-the-art sensors, and temporal high-resolution measurements of physico-chemical variables, including partial pressures of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), were made. The resolution of the field data ranged from 10 seconds to 120 minutes and was obtained for partial pressure of CO2 (Contros HydroC-CO2) and CH4 (Contros HydroC-CH4), temperature, salinity, pressure (water depth), oxygen (O2) (CTD-O2 with SBE-37SMP-ODO), the concentrations of phosphate (SBE HydroCycle PO4), nitrate (SBE SUNA V2), chlorophyll a and the turbidity (both with SBE-FLNTUSB ECO) as stationary measurements at two different locations in close proximity. The CTD and oxygen measurements provide exact water depth data for the respective lander locations. In the other data sets (e.g., CO2 measurements) rounded data are inserted instead of the exact depth data, which is 0.6 m for lander_1 and 0.9 m for lander_2. SUNA raw data are provided for completeness. However, we found them of insufficient quality to estimate nitrate concentrations due to interferences and biofouling. The deployment and recovery of the landers, and thus the measurements, took place between 02 June 2021 and 09 August 2021, and the sensors were operated under permanent wired power supply and a centralized timestamp. The sensors were maintained and cleaned bi-weekly. Results show considerable temporal fluctuations expressed as multi-day, diurnal, and event-based variability, with spatial differences caused by biologically-dominated variables.
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