Considering water as the primary resource necessary for social life, agriculture, industry, and wealth, the importance of groundwater investigation is clear. Apart from many other pollutants, this work focusses on geogenic uranium (U) and radium (Ra), which both stand for natural radionuclides (NORM) that need to be considered frame of groundwater exploration and monitoring programmes due to their specific mobility and chemo-/radiotoxicity. As investigation of U and – to a lesser extent - Ra is done by an increasing number of scientific working groups, the global dataset is improving continuously. In order to give a summarized overview on available and recent literature, scientific papers, reports, and governmental documents have been reviewed for U-238 mass concentrations and Ra-226 and Ra-228 activity concentrations and collected in tables and global maps. Further natural isotopes of U and Ra have been rarely subject of investigation. The collected data were evaluated and interpreted in frame of an associated scientific publication (see citation). From the available data it can be concluded that high geogenic U occur mainly under oxidizing conditions and carbonate rich groundwater, which might be seen as indicator for elevated U concentrations. Certain geological formations, as for example sedimentary, granitic, and volcanic host rocks, promote high U concentrations in groundwater. For geogenic Ra, the search for definite indications proved difficult, since less clear correlation is given for any observed factor. In a global perspective, the most promising evidence for elevated Ra are highly reducing redox conditions, as well as the occurrence of Fe/Mn mineral phases. Furthermore, barite represents a sink for Ra due to its ability to incorporate Ra isotopes. Dissolution of those mineral phases eventually results in co-dissolution of Ra, when Ra is found in host rocks of investigated aquifers, or downstream of such groundwater reservoirs. Furthermore, cation exchange might enhance Ra mobility process, especially in case of sedimentary aquifers with low sorption capacity and/or aquifers with high salinity. Given those chemical requirements for the occurrence of U and Ra, a negative correlation between mother and daughter nuclide can be established. When knowledge on present geological and geochemical constraints is available, elevated U and Ra concentrations might be predictable, as long as anthropogenic influence is excluded.
Considering water as the primary resource necessary for social life, agriculture, industry, and wealth, the importance of groundwater investigation is clear. Apart from many other pollutants, this work focusses on geogenic uranium (U) and radium (Ra), which both stand for natural radionuclides (NORM) that need to be considered frame of groundwater exploration and monitoring programmes due to their specific mobility and chemo-/radiotoxicity. As investigation of U and – to a lesser extent - Ra is done by an increasing number of scientific working groups, the global dataset is improving continuously. In order to give a summarized overview on available and recent literature, scientific papers, reports, and governmental documents have been reviewed for U-238 mass concentrations and Ra-226 and Ra-228 activity concentrations and collected in tables and global maps. Further natural isotopes of U and Ra have been rarely subject of investigation. The collected data were evaluated and interpreted in frame of an associated scientific publication (see citation). From the available data it can be concluded that high geogenic U occur mainly under oxidizing conditions and carbonate rich groundwater, which might be seen as indicator for elevated U concentrations. Certain geological formations, as for example sedimentary, granitic, and volcanic host rocks, promote high U concentrations in groundwater. For geogenic Ra, the search for definite indications proved difficult, since less clear correlation is given for any observed factor. In a global perspective, the most promising evidence for elevated Ra are highly reducing redox conditions, as well as the occurrence of Fe/Mn mineral phases. Furthermore, barite represents a sink for Ra due to its ability to incorporate Ra isotopes. Dissolution of those mineral phases eventually results in co-dissolution of Ra, when Ra is found in host rocks of investigated aquifers, or downstream of such groundwater reservoirs. Furthermore, cation exchange might enhance Ra mobility process, especially in case of sedimentary aquifers with low sorption capacity and/or aquifers with high salinity. Given those chemical requirements for the occurrence of U and Ra, a negative correlation between mother and daughter nuclide can be established. When knowledge on present geological and geochemical constraints is available, elevated U and Ra concentrations might be predictable, as long as anthropogenic influence is excluded.
Angesicht der Folgen des Klimwandels sollten Normen und technische Regel dabei unterstützen, Sicherheitsstandards und Resilienz langfristig zu wahren. Der Bericht zeigt, welche Normen den Klimawandel bereits explizit berücksichtigen und wo besonderer Handlungsbedarf besteht. Dies gilt insbesondere für den der Schutz von Personen und Gütern durch klimaangepasstes Bauen, die Reduzierung der Auswirkung von Hitzewellen durch angepasste Gebäudetechnik und die verbesserte Hochwasservorsorge im Falle von Starkniederschlägen. Die Autoren analysieren Barrieren und Erfolgsfaktoren, diskutieren häufig geäußerte Thesen und geben Empfehlungen zur besseren strategischen Berücksichtigung des Themas. Quelle: www.umweltbundesamt.de
Nach hamburgischem Landesrecht werden Veröffentlichungen durch Abdruck im Hamburgischen Gesetz- und Verordnungsblatt vorgenommen. Rechtsverbindlich ist deshalb ausschließlich die gedruckte Ausgabe des Hamburgischen Gesetz- und Verordnungsblattes. Eine Inhaltssuche kann nur über die Internetseite der <a href="http://www.luewu.de/gvbl/">Firma Lütcke & Wulff</a> erfolgen.
Die Seite "Landesrecht online" bietet Ihnen die Möglichkeit, online in den Hamburger Rechtsvorschriften (Gesetze, Verordnungen etc.), den Entscheidungen der Hamburger Gerichte sowie in den schulrechtlichen Verwaltungsvorschriften zu recherchieren.
Nach hamburgischem Landesrecht werden Veröffentlichungen durch Abdruck im Hamburgischen Gesetz- und Verordnungsblatt vorgenommen. Rechtsverbindlich ist deshalb ausschließlich die gedruckte Ausgabe des Hamburgischen Gesetz- und Verordnungsblattes Teile I und II (Amtlicher Anzeiger). Eine Inhaltssuche kann nur über die Internetseite der <a href="http://www.luewu.de/anzeiger/">Firma Lütcke & Wulff</a> erfolgen.
Das Projekt "The Virtual Tank Utility in Europe (VIRTUE)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Hamburgische Schiffbau-Versuchsanstalt GmbH durchgeführt. Objective: VIRTUE is an Integrated Project in response to the call on Virtual environment for an integrated fluid dynamic analysis in ship design; Objective 2 Advanced design and production techniques in the Sustainable Surface Transport of the workprogramme Sustainable Development, Global Change and Ecosystems. It constitutes an EU-wide initiative of leading marine CFD players to create a 'Virtual Basin' by integrating advanced numerical fluid analysis tools to tackle multi-criteria hydrodynamic performance optimisation of ships in a comprehensive and holistic approach, aiming to complement model testing in real basins and hence substantially enhance the provision of current services to the marine industry and to nurture development of innovative design techniques and concepts. This coherent and all-embracing hydrodynamic analysis system will help increase the competitiveness of the EU shipbuilding and shipping industries, promote a truly European co-operation with strong structuring and integration effects, strengthen SMEs through involvement in leading edge developments as a means to gaining and sustaining competitive advantage and leadership and enhance quality and safety in waterborne transportation. VIRTUE's scientific and technological objectives to achieve these ambitious goals include to: -improve hydrodynamic testing through improved reliability of CFD tools -Enhance existing CFD tools in terms of performance and accuracy and further validation -Formally integrate numerical tools, using proven approaches, into an environment for complete modelling and simulation of ship behaviour at sea- Provide smooth and versatile communication and data exchange link between marine CFD service providers, such as model basins, and the end user -Provide the means - CFD tools, integration platform and optimisation techniques -to cover the whole range of hydrodynamic problems and to facilitate and support multi-disciplinary design
Das Projekt "Entwuerfe zu einer Sportethik: Human-, Sozial- und Umweltethik im Sport" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Düsseldorf, Institut für Sportwissenschaft durchgeführt. Der Sport wirft eine Menge von Fragen und Problemen auf. Dazu gehoeren auch ethische Fragen, da Sport von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart vom Handeln und Verhalten der Menschen (Sportlerlnnen) mitbestimmt wird. Es soll untersucht werden, inwiefern eine Human-, Sozial-, und insbesondere eine Umweltethik Beitraege zum sittlichen Verhalten und Handeln im Sport liefern koennen. Der Wandel der Werte in der Gesellschaft bedingt auch den Wandel der Sportlerlnnen im praktischen Verhalten und Handeln im Sport. Die Theorie von N. Elias 'Prozess der Zivilisation' gilt nicht nur fuer die Exploration der Vergangenheit auf diesem Sektor, sondern auch fuer die der Gegenwart. Dabei gilt es zwischen 'normativen' und 'regulativen' Normen und Werten im Sport zu unterscheiden. Sensibilitaet fuer sportliche (und oekologische) Werte traegt wesentlich bei zum 'fairen' Verhalten und Handeln im Sport.
Das Projekt "Erstellen von technischen Regeln fuer den Strahlenschutz" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Deutsches Institut für Normung, NA Materialprüfung, Fachbereich 7 Kerntechnik durchgeführt. Technische Regeln zu den Themen: Probeentnahme bei der Radioaktivitaetsueberwachung der Luft; Messverfahren zur Freigabe von kontaminierten Reststoffen; Berechnung von Erkennungs- und Nachweisgrenzen; Messung niedriger Dosisleistungen im Bereich der natuerlichen Grundstrahlung.
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