Versuch innerhalb des Deutschen Verbandes Forstlicher Forschungsanstalten (DVFFA) Waldumbau durch Bucheckern-Voraussaat (Technik, Keimprozente, Wachstum, Konkurrenz Fi-Naturverjüngung) Waldbautechnik zur Buchen-Saat (Maschinelle, manuelle Verfahren) Aktuelle Bedeutung als Waldumbau-Maßnahmen im Klimawandel
Objectives: Sustainable management of tropical moist forests through private forest owners will become increasingly important. Media report that in Brazil, particularly in Amazonia, approx. 80 percent of the timber harvested is from illegal sources. Private management of forests according to internationally acknowledged standards offers an opportunity to significantly lower the portion of illegally cut timber. Moreover, it contributes significantly to the conservation of the Amazon forest. Private forest owners show a clear long-term commitment towards the implementation of management standards according that is ecologically compatible, socially acceptable and economically viable. The project area, a pristine forest in legal Amazonia in the transition zone between moist tropical forests and savannas (cerrado), is extremely diverse in floristic and faunistic terms. The institute cooperates with the private forest owner. Main tasks are to document the faunistic and floristic diversity, to calculate the Annual Allowable Cut and to elaborate concepts for site-specific silviculture. Results: To date (Oct. 2006) the following activities were started: - a comprehensive inventory system for planning at the FMU-level has been successfully introduced; - the inventory system for the annual coupe area has been designed and data for the first coupe are being processed; - the annual allowable cut is currently calculated based on the results of the above described inventories; - two fauna surveys are completed; one focusing on large mammals and one on the avi-fauna. A long-term monitoring concept to assess the influence of forest management on the faunistic diversity is currently under development; - forest zoning is completed applying terrestrial surveys and interpreting high-resolution satellite images; - a study on the use of Bethollethia excelsa-fruits (Brazil nuts) is currently implemented; - a study on timber properties of lesser known species is currently implemented.
Zurzeit ist die 'Biokohle' in aller Munde, und diese wird als Wunderstoff zur Steigerung und Stabilisierung der Bodenqualität angesehen. Eigene Modellversuche mit drei verschiedenen Böden ergaben, dass die Kohlen, bis auf eine Hydro-Thermal-Kohle (HTC) aus Eichenästen, recht stabil im Boden sind und dass diese dazu beitragen können, den Kohlenstoff im Boden zu sequenzieren. Die vielfach geäußerte Vorstellung, dass eine Biokohleapplikation die spezifische Adsorption von Phosphat reduziert, konnten wir in unseren Untersuchungen nicht bestätigen. Auf drei Standorten wird die Wirkung von Biokohle aus Holzhackschnitzel-Siebresten auf einer Löss-Parabraunerde in Rauischholzhausen, einem Sandboden in Groß-Gerau und einem Alluvium in Gießen in Feldversuchen geprüft. Die Versuche begannen im Frühjahr 2012 bzw. im Herbst 2012. Es hat den Anschein, dass die Biokohle die N-Effizienz zu Silomais aus der Löss-Parabraunerde zu fördern scheint, da die Erträge in den Varianten mit Biokohle über denen ohne Biokohle lagen. Auf dem Sandboden und auch auf dem Alluvium förderet die Biokohleapplikation weder von 15 noch von 30 t/ha den Ertrag von Körnermais, Winterweizen oder Sommergerste. Die Wassernutzung wurde auf dem Sandboden nicht durch Biokohle gefördert. Verbessert wurde aber die Nitratretention durch Biokohle. Um diese Mechanismen von Biokohle besser zu verstehen, untersucht Christian Koch in seiner von der Deutschen Bundesstiftung-Umwelt (DBU) geförderten Promotion, inwieweit durch verschiedene Herstellungstemperaturen die Eigenschaften von Biokohlen aus Fichtenrestholz, Landschaftspflegeheu und Nusshäutchen von Haselnuss beeinflusst werden. Erste Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Karbonisierungstemperatur die Sorption von Huminsäuren beeinflusst. Dagegen haben die Karbonisierungstemperaturen keinen Einfluss auf die von uns durchgeführten Versuche zur Nitratretention und Kationenaustauschkapazität (= Bariumsorption).
Europe's seas have become important in terms of policy making on both European and national level. The exploitation of seas and coastal areas for economic purposes is becoming increasingly important, but there are also growing concerns on environmental issues. Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) is an increasingly important field of policy aiming at reconciling different demands on the marine space. Under the EU Directive on MSP, Member States both need to develop their own MSP policies and cooperate on these issues. In addition, they will use their plans to contribute to promoting the sustainable development and growth of maritime and coastal economies and the sustainable use of marine and coastal resources. MSP is identified by the EU's Integrated Maritime Policy as a cross-cutting policy tool enabling public authorities and stakeholders to apply a coordinated, integrated and trans-boundary approach to marine development. To ensure that maritime activities can deliver growth and avoid sea-use conflicts, integrated planning of human activities both on land and at sea is needed. MSP can increase coordination between administrations, while enhancing cross-border cooperation and investments by identifying the possible impacts of and opportunities for multiple uses of space. For this purpose, MSP needs territorial evidence. Most development and use, which takes place in the marine environment also has an onshore component or impact. Alignment between maritime and terrestrial spatial planning is important and should be achieved through consistency of policies, plans and decisions. Land-sea interaction (LSI) is also highly related to the economic benefits of MSP and the importance of given maritime uses covered by the MSP for the economic development of the region in question. The stakeholders involved in this targeted analysis have identified a potential opportunity to improve their planning processes through the coordinated, comparable and systematic acquisition and analysis of both marine and terrestrial data and information at regional level (NUTS 2 or NUTS 3, for the marine realm possibly also in alternative systems, e.g. grid based statistical classes). Such an approach would not only bring significant efficiencies in collecting, collating and analysing relevant social, economic and environmental data, but would also improve the understanding of wider regional level interactions. The territorial evidence that will be produced within this targeted analysis will be useful for all Member States dealing with the implementation of the above-mentioned EU Directive and with MSP itself. The benefits of having useful data for MSP can help increase cross-border cooperation between EU countries (on cables, pipelines, shipping lanes, wind installations) and also increase coordination between administrations in each country through the use of a single instrument to balance the development of a range of maritime activities.
Im Zuge der Stillegung landwirtschaftlicher Flaechen sowie zunehmender Probleme mit hohen Nitratkonzentrationen im Grundwasser bietet sich im laendlichen Raum auch die Anlage von Streuobst unter extensiven Anbaubedingungen fuer solche Flaechen an. Kenntnisse ueber Naehrstoffentzuege sowie ueber das Ausmass von Nitratein- bzw. -austrag in das Grundwasser im Streuobstanbau sind bisher kaum vorhanden. Der Versuch soll Anhaltspunkte hierzu sowie ueber guenstige Bewirtschaftungsformen liefern. Dazu wurde eine Streuobstneupflanzung mit insgesamt 180 Baeumen angelegt. Zum Einsatz kamen 20 verschiedene ortsuebliche Apfel-, Birnen- und Kirschsorten sowie Walnuss und Speierling. Die Entwicklung der Baeume verlief ohne Pflanzenschutzmittel- und Duengereinsatz anfangs recht gut. Da das Maehgut laufend abgefahren worden ist, hat sich der Naehrstoffgehalt im Boden (relevant vor allem der Strickstoff) nach etwa 5 Jahren auf ein sehr niedriges Niveau eingependelt, so dass Naehrstoffeintraege ins Grundwasser von dieser Flaeche nicht mehr zu erwarten sind. Der Stickstoffmangel im Boden hat aber auch dazu gefuehrt, dass die Obstbaeume je nach Sorte mehr oder weniger deutlich im Wachstum zurueckgeblieben sind. Deshalb wurde ab 1999 auf Mulchschnitt umgestellt.
Im Gegensatz zu petrochemischen Synthesen, die fossile Kohlenstoffquellen verwenden, basieren die xylochemischen Synthesen im Idealfall ausschließlich auf nachhaltigen Rohstoffen wie holziger Biomasse oder Cashewnussschalen. Das vorgeschlagene Projekt hat die Entwicklung xylochemischer Synthesen chemischer Produkte wie UV-Absorber, Farbstoffe, Kunststoffe und Pharmazeutika zum Ziel. Bisher sind Konzepte zur Synthese dieser komplexen organischen Verbindungen unter vorwiegender oder gar ausschließlicher Verwendung von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen selten oder gänzlich unbekannt.
The aim of BioBuild is to use biocomposites to reduce the embodied energy in building facade, supporting structure and internal partition systems by at least 50Prozent over current materials with no increase in cost. This will lead to a step change in the use of sustainable, low carbon construction materials, by replacing aluminium, steel, FRP, brick and concrete in buildings. Facades are widely used in construction, primarily to protect and insulate the internal structure. Internal partitions are used to divide space, carry utilities and provide thermal and acoustic insulation. The current materials used such as aluminium, steel, brick and concrete are energy intensive to produce and have high embodied energy. FRP is an alternative construction material, benefitting from low weight, formability and simple manufacturing, allowing low material content structures and innovative design. However, typical resin and glass fibre are non-renewable, energy intensive to synthesise. Biocomposites overcome these drawbacks, whilst maintaining the benefits, being based on natural fibres and bioresins which have low embodied energy and cost. Biocomposites are renewable and sustainable resin and reinforcement structures. The resins in this project are furan and cashew nut oil based with reinforcing fibres of flax and jute. Bast fibres have lower environmental impacts than glass, concerning climate change and energy but have similar properties. Biocomposites are used commercially in automotive interior parts, but for outdoor applications they can degrade due to moisture absorption and bio-degradation. BioBuild will develop biocomposites and construction products with a life span of 40 years, by protecting the fibres with novel treatments and coatings. The result of the project will be a low cost, lightweight, durable and sustainable biocomposite building system, with full technical and environmental validation, offering low embodied energy construction materials.
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