Der Pretest des 5. Umwelt-Surveys Teilvorhaben 2 - Human-Biomonitoring Analytik dient zur Vorbereitung des 5. Umwelt-Surveys. Es wurden 52 Urinproben auf verschiedene Umweltkontaminanten bzw. Bezugsparameter (Kreatinin) analysiert. Neben dem Kreatiningehalt wurden 1OH-Pyren, N-Methylpyrrolidon und N-Ethylpyrrolidon- Metabolite , Cotinin und 2-Mercaptothiobenzol bestimmt. Die Konzentrationen von verschiedenen Phthalat-Metaboliten und Metaboliten von Phthalatersatzprodukten wurden ebenfalls analysiert. Zudem wurden Parabene und umweltrelevante Phenole, Organophosphate, Quecksilber, Cadmium, Arsen untersucht. Veröffentlicht in Umwelt & Gesundheit | 10/2015.
Many legacy and emerging flame retardants (FRs) have adverse human and environmental health effects. This study reports legacy and emerging FRs in children from nine European countries from the HBM4EU aligned studies. Studies from Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, France, Greece, Slovenia, Slovakia, and Norway conducted between 2014 and 2021 provided data on FRs in blood and urine from 2136 children. All samples were collected and analyzed in alignment with the HBM4EU protocols. Ten halogenated FRs were quantified in blood, and four organophosphate flame retardants (OPFR) metabolites quantified in urine. Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) were infrequently detected (<16% of samples). BDE-47 was quantified in blood from Greece, France, and Norway, with France (0.36 ng/g lipid) having the highest concentrations. BDE-153 and -209 were detected in <40% of samples. Dechlorane Plus (DP) was quantified in blood from four countries, with notably high median concentrations of 16 ng/g lipid in Slovenian children. OPFR metabolites had a higher detection frequency than other halogenated FRs. Diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) was quantified in 99% of samples across 8 countries at levels ~5 times higher than other OPFR metabolites (highest median in Slovenia of 2.43 ng/g lipid). FR concentrations were associated with lifestyle factors such as cleaning frequency, employment status of the father of the household, and renovation status of the house, among others. The concentrations of BDE-47 in children from this study were similar to or lower than FRs found in adult matrices in previous studies, suggesting lower recent exposure and effectiveness of PBDE restrictions. © 2022 The Authors
Human biomonitoring (HBM) data in Europe are often fragmented and collected in different EU countries and sampling periods. Exposure levels for children and adult women in Europe were evaluated over time. For the period 2000-2010, literature and aggregated data were collected in a harmonized way across studies. Between 2011-2012, biobanked samples from the DEMOCOPHES project were used. For 2014-2021, HBM data were generated within the HBM4EU Aligned Studies. Time patterns on internal exposure were evaluated visually and statistically using the 50th and 90th percentiles (P50/P90) for phthalates/DINCH and organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in children (5-12 years), and cadmium, bisphenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in women (24-52 years). Restricted phthalate metabolites show decreasing patterns for children. Phthalate substitute, DINCH, shows a non-significant increasing pattern. For OPFRs, no trends were statistically significant. For women, BPA shows a clear decreasing pattern, while substitutes BPF and BPS show an increasing pattern coinciding with the BPA restrictions introduced. No clear patterns are observed for PAHs or cadmium. Although the causal relations were not studied as such, exposure levels to chemicals restricted at EU level visually decreased, while the levels for some of their substitutes increased. The results support policy efficacy monitoring and the policy-supportive role played by HBM. © 2023 by the authors
The risk assessment of pesticide residues in food is a key priority in the area of food safety. Most jurisdictions have implemented pre-marketing authorization processes, which are supported by prospective risk assessments. These prospective assessments estimate the expected residue levels in food combining results from residue trials, resembling the pesticide use patterns, with food consumption patterns, according to internationally agreed procedures. In addition, jurisdictions such as the European Union (EU) have implemented large monitoring programs, measuring actual pesticide residue levels in food, and are supporting large-scale human biomonitoring programs for confirming the actual exposure levels and potential risk for consumers. The organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos offers an interesting case study, as in the last decade, its acceptable daily intake (ADI) has been reduced several times following risk assessments by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). This process has been linked to significant reductions in the use authorized in the EU, reducing consumers exposure progressively, until the final ban in 2020, accompanied by setting all EU maximum residue levels (MRL) in food at the default value of 0.01 mg/kg. We present a comparison of estimates of the consumerââą Ìs internal exposure to chlorpyrifos based on the urinary marker 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), using two sources of monitoring data: monitoring of the food chain from the EU program and biomonitoring of European citizens from the HB4EU project, supported by a literature search. Both methods confirmed a drastic reduction in exposure levels from 2016 onwards. The margin of exposure approach is then used for conducting retrospective risk assessments at different time points, considering the evolution of our understanding of chlorpyrifos toxicity, as well as of exposure levels in EU consumers following the regulatory decisions. Concerns are presented using a color code, and have been identified for almost all studies, particularly for the highest exposed group, but at different levels, reaching the maximum level, red code, for children in Cyprus and Israel. The assessment uncertainties are highlighted and integrated in the identification of levels of concern. © 2022 by the authors.
Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide affecting all age groups from children to the elderly. In addition to other factors such as smoking, air pollution and atopy, some environmental chemicals are shown or suspected to increase the risk of asthma, exacerbate asthma symptoms and cause other respiratory symptoms. In this scoping review, we report environmental chemicals, prioritized for investigation in the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU), which are associated or possibly associated with asthma. The substance groups considered to cause asthma through specific sensitization include: diisocyanates, hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) and possibly p-phenylenediamine (p-PDA). In epidemiological studies, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organophosphate insecticides are associated with asthma, and phthalates, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), pyrethroid insecticides, mercury, cadmium, arsenic and lead are only potentially associated with asthma. As a conclusion, exposure to PAHs and some pesticides are associated with increased risk of asthma. Diisocyanates and Cr(VI) cause asthma with specific sensitization. For many environmental chemicals, current studies have provided contradicting results in relation to increased risk of asthma. Therefore, more research about exposure to environmental chemicals and risk of asthma is needed. © 2021 by the authors
Der Pretest des 5. Umwelt-Surveys Teilvorhaben 2 - Human-Biomonitoring Analytik dient zur Vorbereitung des 5. Umwelt-Surveys. Es wurden 52 Urinproben auf verschiedene Umweltkontaminanten bzw. Bezugsparameter (Kreatinin) analysiert. Neben dem Kreatiningehalt wurden 1OH-Pyren, N-Methylpyrrolidon und N-Ethylpyrrolidon-Metabolite, Cotinin und 2-Mercaptothiobenzol bestimmt. Die Konzentrationen von verschiedenen Phthalat-Metaboliten und Metaboliten von Phthalatersatzprodukten wurden ebenfalls analysiert. Zudem wurden Parabene und umweltrelevante Phenole, Organophosphate, Quecksilber, Cadmium, Arsen untersucht.<BR>Quelle: Verlagsinformation
Der Pretest des 5. Umwelt-Surveys Teilvorhaben 2 - Human-Biomonitoring Analytik dient zur Vorbereitung des 5. Umwelt-Surveys. Es wurden 52 Urinproben auf verschiedene Umweltkontaminanten bzw. Bezugsparameter (Kreatinin) analysiert. Neben dem Kreatiningehalt wurden 1OH-Pyren, N-Methylpyrrolidon und N-Ethylpyrrolidon-Metabolite, Cotinin und 2-Mercaptothiobenzol bestimmt. Die Konzentrationen von verschiedenen Phthalat-Metaboliten und Metaboliten von Phthalatersatzprodukten wurden ebenfalls analysiert. Zudem wurden Parabene und umweltrelevante Phenole, Organophosphate, Quecksilber, Cadmium, Arsen untersucht.
Rodriguez Martin, L.; Gilles, L.; Helte, E.; Akesson, A.; Tagt, J.; Covaci, A.; Sakhi, A. K.; Van Nieuwenhuyse, A.; Katsonouri, A.; Andersson, A. M.; Gutleb, A. C.; Janasik, B.; Appenzeller, B.; Gabriel, C.; Thomsen, C.; Mazej, D.; Sarigiannis, D.; Anastasi, E.; Barbone, F.; Tolonen, H.; Frederiksen, H.; Klanova, J.; Koponen, J.; Tratnik, J. S.; Pack, K.; Gudrun, K.; Olafsdottir, K.; Knudsen, L. E.; Rambaud, L.; Strumylaite, L.; Murinova, L. P.; Fabelova, L.; Riou, M.; Berglund, M.; Szabados, M.; Imboden, M.; Laeremans, M.; Estokova, M.; Janev Holcer, N.; Probst-Hensch, N.; Vodrazkova, N.; Vogel, N.; Piler, P.; Schmidt, P.; Lange, R.; Namorado, S.; Kozepesy, S.; Szigeti, T.; Halldorsson, T. I.; Weber, T.; Jensen, T. K.; Rosolen, V.; Puklova, V.; Wasowicz, W.; Sepai, O.; Stewart, L.; Kolossa-Gehring, M.; Esteban-Lopez, M.; Castano, A.; Bessems, J.; Schoeters, G.; Govarts, E. Toxics 11 (2023); online: 28. September 2023 Human biomonitoring (HBM) data in Europe are often fragmented and collected in different EU countries and sampling periods. Exposure levels for children and adult women in Europe were evaluated over time. For the period 2000-2010, literature and aggregated data were collected in a harmonized way across studies. Between 2011-2012, biobanked samples from the DEMOCOPHES project were used. For 2014-2021, HBM data were generated within the HBM4EU Aligned Studies. Time patterns on internal exposure were evaluated visually and statistically using the 50th and 90th percentiles (P50/P90) for phthalates/DINCH and organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in children (5-12 years), and cadmium, bisphenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in women (24-52 years). Restricted phthalate metabolites show decreasing patterns for children. Phthalate substitute, DINCH, shows a non-significant increasing pattern. For OPFRs, no trends were statistically significant. For women, BPA shows a clear decreasing pattern, while substitutes BPF and BPS show an increasing pattern coinciding with the BPA restrictions introduced. No clear patterns are observed for PAHs or cadmium. Although the causal relations were not studied as such, exposure levels to chemicals restricted at EU level visually decreased, while the levels for some of their substitutes increased. The results support policy efficacy monitoring and the policy-supportive role played by HBM. doi: 10.3390/toxics11100819
Tarazona, J. V.; Gonzalez-Caballero, M. D. C.; Alba-Gonzalez, M.; Pedraza-Diaz, S.; Canas, A.; Dominguez-Morueco, N.; Esteban-Lopez, M.; Cattaneo, I.; Katsonouri, A.; Makris, K. C.; Halldorsson, T. I.; Olafsdottir, K.; Zock, J. P.; Dias, J.; Decker, A.; Morrens, B.; Berman, T.; Barnett-Itzhaki, Z.; Lindh, C.; Gilles, L.; Govarts, E.; Schoeters, G.; Weber, T.; Kolossa-Gehring, M.; Santonen, T.; Castano, A. Toxics 10 (2022); online: 9 Juni 2022 The risk assessment of pesticide residues in food is a key priority in the area of food safety. Most jurisdictions have implemented pre-marketing authorization processes, which are supported by prospective risk assessments. These prospective assessments estimate the expected residue levels in food combining results from residue trials, resembling the pesticide use patterns, with food consumption patterns, according to internationally agreed procedures. In addition, jurisdictions such as the European Union (EU) have implemented large monitoring programs, measuring actual pesticide residue levels in food, and are supporting large-scale human biomonitoring programs for confirming the actual exposure levels and potential risk for consumers. The organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos offers an interesting case study, as in the last decade, its acceptable daily intake (ADI) has been reduced several times following risk assessments by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). This process has been linked to significant reductions in the use authorized in the EU, reducing consumers' exposure progressively, until the final ban in 2020, accompanied by setting all EU maximum residue levels (MRL) in food at the default value of 0.01 mg/kg. We present a comparison of estimates of the consumer's internal exposure to chlorpyrifos based on the urinary marker 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), using two sources of monitoring data: monitoring of the food chain from the EU program and biomonitoring of European citizens from the HB4EU project, supported by a literature search. Both methods confirmed a drastic reduction in exposure levels from 2016 onwards. The margin of exposure approach is then used for conducting retrospective risk assessments at different time points, considering the evolution of our understanding of chlorpyrifos toxicity, as well as of exposure levels in EU consumers following the regulatory decisions. Concerns are presented using a color code, and have been identified for almost all studies, particularly for the highest exposed group, but at different levels, reaching the maximum level, red code, for children in Cyprus and Israel. The assessment uncertainties are highlighted and integrated in the identification of levels of concern. doi: 10.3390/toxics10060313
Das Projekt "Charakterisierung der mit Natriumpyrophosphat löslichen organischen Bodensusbstanz mittels FT-IR" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF) e.V., Institut für Bodenlandschaftsforschung durchgeführt. Zusammensetzung und Menge der organischen Bodensubstanz (OBS) werden durch die Landnutzungsform beeinflußt. Die OBS läßt sich nach ihrer Abbaubarkeit und nach ihrer Löslichkeit in verschiedene Pools einteilen. So kann die wasserlösliche organische Bodensubstanz (DOM) als Maßzahl für die abbaubare OBS herangezogen werden. Mit Natriumpyrophosphat-Lösung als Extraktionsmittel läßt sich ein weit größerer Anteil der OBS erfassen, da der stabilisierende Bindungsfaktor zwischen OBS und Bodenmineralen entfernt wird. Extrahiert man zuerst mit Wasser und anschließend mit Natriumpyrophosphat-Lösung, erhält man im letzten Schritt den schwer abbaubaren OBS-Anteil. Über die funktionelle Zusammensetzung der organischen Substanz dieser Pools und deren Abhängigkeit von Landnutzungsformen ist relativ wenig bekannt. Ziel der geplanten Untersuchung ist es, den Pool der löslichen abbaubaren und schwer abbaubaren OBS zu quantifizieren und deren funktionelle Zusammensetzung mittels FT-IR Spektroskopie zu erfassen. Die so gewonnenen Daten sollen der Validierung von Soil Organic Matter Turnover modellen (z.B. Roth 23.6) dienen und die im Modell berechneten Pools um einen qualitativen Term ergänzen. In Zusammenarbeit mit anderen Arbeitsgruppen sollen im DFG-Schwerpunktprogramm 1090: ;Böden als Quelle und Senke für CO2 die Pools der löslichen abbaubaren und schwer schwer löslichen, schwer abbaubaren organischen Bodensubstanz (OBS) quantifiziert, die funktionelle Zusammensetzung dieser Pools mittels FT-IR Spektroskopie erfasst und Abbaubarkeit der erhaltenen Extrakte überprüft werden, um Mechanismen, die zur Stabilisierung der OBS führen, aufzuklären.
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