The final goal of the EUROWET project is to integrate the substantial multidisciplinary European research in wetlands to help attain the sustainable management of the water cycle. This will be achieved by the translation of state-of-the art science developed at both national and European levels, into practical guidance for end-users. This will be achieved by a comprehensive review, expert assessment and a focussed dissemination strategy. There is considerable scientific knowledge and technical experience gained in diverse aspects of wetland science and management including hydrology, biogeochemistry, ecology restoration, socio-economic and policy analysis. However the results of research and management experience are still too fragmentary and not sufficiently orientated to problem-solving or simply inadequately framed to be effectively transferred to, or used by, stakeholders and policy-makers. Simultaneously the general outcome of the scientific research has been increased awareness of the significance of wetlands in delivering goods and services important for human welfare including quality of life, biodiversity conservation and maintenance or enhancement of environment quality. Despite this wetlands continue to be degraded and lost throughout Europe without adequate consideration of the wider benefits to be achieved from this management. The new Water Framework Directive (WFD) promotes a unique opportunity to redress this problem by means of the holistic, integrated approach to water management. There is currently in preparation horizontal guidance on Wetlands as part of the Common Implementation Strategy (CIS) process. There is however work still to be done on providing more specific scientific and technical guidance on the effective implementation of the Directive with respect to wetlands. This is particularly the case in relation to Integrated River Management, the CIS cluster within which wetlands are being considered in the WFD.
Non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) are transportable machines and vehicles that are not intended for transporting people or goods by road. Compared to road transport, the number of machines in the NRMM sector in Germany is small. More than 1 million agricultural tractors, about 250,000-400,000 construction machines with more than 19 kW and a fleet of more than 4,000 inland waterway vessels (more than 18,000 across Europe) are responsible for a significant amount for high particulate and NOx emissions. Regulation (EU) No. 2016/1628 [1] comprehensively amended the exhaust emissions legislation for non-road mobile machinery. An extraordinarily wide range of machinery and equipment, including lawn mowers, chain saws, construction machinery, generators, inland waterway vessels and rail vehicles, falls under the regulation with the current exhaust stage V. In addition, the focus of the supplementary regulations (EU) 2017/655 [2] and (EU) 2018/989) [3] is the monitoring of emissions during actual operation of the machine (ISM-In Service Monitoring). The standards of Regulation (EU) No. 2016/1628 [1] are adopted almost completely by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) in UNECE Regulation 96 [15], with the exception of the provisions for engines of inland waterway vessels and for rail vehicles. In Germany, market surveillance of mobile machinery and equipment falls under the responsibility of the federal states with their competent market surveillance authorities. Market surveillance is carried out according to the national market surveillance strategy for the years 2022-2025 according to Article 13 of Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 [4]. There is a great need for harmonization among manufacturers for uniform rules for the retrofitting of diesel particulate filters, as there is a wide range of certification options for exhaust aftertreatment systems. In addition to air pollution control measures, noise protection is playing an increasingly important role, especially with regard to construction noise. For 57 different types of machinery and equipment, noise emission requirements for placing on the market are therefore specified in accordance with Directive 2000/14/EC ("Outdoor Directive") [5]. The Outdoor Directive contains regulations on the measurement, labeling and, where applicable, compliance with limits of noise emissions emitted into the environment by municipal vehicles, gardening and landscaping equipment and thus serves to curb immissions. According to Directive 2006/42/EC ("Machinery Directive") [6], in addition to the requirements for machine safety, a machine must also comply with the state of the art for noise reduction, especially at the source. © 2022, VDI Verlag GMBH. All rights reserved.
Problemstellung und Ziel: Mit Einführung der überarbeiteten ZTV-W, LB 210 im Jahr 2006 wurden gleichzeitig die Richtlinie zur Prüfung mineralischer Weichdichtungen im Verkehrswasserbau (RPW) zur Prüfung der Eignung von Erdstoffen zur Verwendung als Dichtungsbaustoff verankert. Zum Nachweis der Erosionsstabilität sind in dieser Richtlinie der Zerfallsversuch nach Endell und der Pin-Hole-Test aufgeführt. Für beide Verfahren gelten bisher keine wissenschaftlich abgesicherten Ausschlusskriterien. Eindeutige und reproduzierbare Kriterien sind jedoch besonders im Hinblick auf lnderübergreifende Ausschreibungsverfahren unerlässlich, im bei der Vergabe entsprechender Baumaßnahmen nachvollziehbare und gerichtlich nicht angreifbare Kriterien zur Verfügung zu stellen. Bedeutung für die WSV: Neben der Notwendigkeit eindeutiger Materialparameter für eine konfliktfreie Vergabepraxis ist die Frage nach der Erosionsstabilität von Dichtungsbaustoffen auch vor den Hintergrund immer enger werdender Haushaltsmittel beim Bau neuer bzw. bei der Unterhaltung vorhandener Wasserstraßen zu betrachten. Zukünftig kann es erforderlich werden, vorhandene Kanalstrecken mit höheren Schiffsgrößen bzw. Abladetiefen als ursprünglich geplant zu beanspruchen. Es ist zu befürchten, dass die dabei auftretenden höheren Strömungsbelastungen in bisher ungedichteten Kanalstrecken abhängig von der Erosionsneigung des ungeschützten Sohlmaterials zu Schaden führen. Um dieses Schadenspotenzial besser verifizieren zu können, sind entsprechende Kenntnisse und Untersuchungen zur Erosionsneigung der im Sohlbereich anstehenden Böden unerlässlich. Untersuchungsmethoden: Zur Verifizierung und zur Feststellung der Reproduzierbarkeit der bisher verwendeten Versuche ist vorgesehen, im geotechnische Labor der BAW Karlsruhe mehrere unterschiedlich plastische Böden, vordergründig Dichtungstone, hinsichtlich Zerfall und Erosionsstabilität nach den bisherigen Testverfahren der RPW zu untersuchen. Hierzu sind Reihenuntersuchungen zur Optimierung der Versuchsparameter wie z.B. Einwirkdauer, Strömungsgeschwindigkeit, Probengröße etc. erforderlich. Sollte sich keine oder eine nicht ausreichende Reproduzierbarkeit der Versuchsergebnisse abzeichnen, so werden die Untersuchungen auf die Ermittlung des Einflusses weitere möglicher Parameter (Mineralbestand etc.) ausgedehnt. Werden nach einer eventuellen Modifikation, d. h. Verbesserung der Untersuchungsweise auch weiterhin keine zufriedenstellenden Ergebnisse erzielt, folgt eine Erweiterung der Arbeiten auf die Entwicklung neuer Testverfahren.
Garden tools generate noise which, in residential areas, recreational areas and elsewhere can constitute a major source of noise pollution that is often found to be highly disturbing. The Blue Angel eco-label for garden tools provides guidance that makes it easier to purchase particularly low-noise garden tools.This guide is based on the Blue Angel eco-label criteria, whose requirements are more stringent than the provisions of the applicable EU law, i.e. Directive 2000/14/EC, which relates to noise emission in the environment by equipment for use outdoors.
The project aims at supporting the implementation of the proposed Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the management of waste from the extractive industries 2003/0107. The Directive was prepared following several major accidents with a serious impact on the environment, and it has the purpose of ensuring a safer management of the mining waste facilities, so that such accidents will not occur in the future. This project addresses particularly Article 9, which provides for the classification of waste facilities with respect to the possible consequences of an accident, and respectively the Annex II: Characterisation of mining waste and Annex III: Criteria for the classification of waste facilities. The activities of the project are divided into four major work packages as follows: - Preparation of a Methodology for the Characterisation of Mining Waste - Elaboration of a Risk Assessment Methodology for the Classification of Mining Waste Facilities, including Old/Abandoned Mining Waste Facilities - Review of Techniques for the Prevention and Abatement of Pollution Generated by Mining Wastes - Development of a Decision Support Tool for Minimising the Impact of the Mining Industry on the Environment. The Consortium co-ordinated by BIUTEC, Austria, includes universities, research institutes, NGOs and implementing authorities from 8 European countries, both Members of the EU and accession countries. The experts team is highly qualified and has many years of experience and research in this area, so that the best outputs can be obtained. The project will build on the results of other projects carried out in this field, and will relate closely to on-going projects, so that there is no overlap in our activities. In order to provide an effective tool for the potential beneficiaries, the project team will consult with representatives of the stakeholders before the final versions of the outputs are publicly made available on the project web-site.
The working documents on revision of the Sewage Sludge Directive (86/278/EEC) on Biowaste and the Soil Protection Communication call for standards on sampling and analysis of sludge, treated biowastes and soils. The European Directives are intended to prevent unacceptable release of contaminants, impairment of soil function, or exposure to pathogens, and to protect crops, human and animal health, the quality of water and the wider environment when sludges and treated biowastes are used on land. The EU animal by-product regulations are fixing microbiological threshold values, for which microbiological methods of analysis are needed. The European Commission wishes to cite European (CEN) standards in order that there is harmonised application of the directives and that reports from Member States (MS) can be compared. This project to develop standards for hygienic parameters in sludge, soil and biowaste, presented under the name 'HORIZONTAL-HYG', will be carried out under the umbrella of the main project HORIZONTAL 'Development of horizontal standards for soil, sludge and biowaste'. This ensures full integration in the CEN system through BT Task Force 151 specially set up in support of this project as well as direct supervision by DG ENV and MS, which form the Steering Committee of HORIZONTAL. Preparation of HORIZONTAL-HYG was taken in a full agreement with the DG ENV, DG JRC and the MS already contributing to HORIZONTAL. HORIZONTAL-HYG's objective is to produce standardised methods for sampling and hygienic microbiological parameters, as Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Ascaris ova in sludges, treated biowastes and soils written in CEN format. Validation of the methods is an essential part of the development as it quantifies performance in terms of repeatability and reproducibility. The consortium is well connected in CEN and ISO and thus provides an excellent basis for implementation of the deliverables. Prime Contractor: Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland; Petten, Netherlands.
Article 16 of the Water Framework Directive (WFD, Directive 2000/60/EC) lays down the Community Strategy for the establishment of harmonised quality standards and emission controls for the priority substances and other substances posing a significant risk to, or via, the aquatic environment. In order to achieve the protection objectives of the WFD, the Commission shall (i) submit proposals for quality standards applicable to the concentrations of the priority substances in surface water, sediment or biota, and (ii) identify the appropriate cost-effective and proportionate level and combination of product and process controls for both point and diffuse sources. Proposals for environmental quality standards and emission controls for point sources shall be submitted within 2 years of the inclusion of the substance concerned on the list of priority substances (European Parliament and Council Decision No. 2455/2001/EC), i.e. in December 2003. This study is part of the preparatory work of the Commission and its overall objectives are: - The development and description of a concept which enables the European Commission to submit proposals for quality standards applicable to the concentrations of the priority substances of the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) and those substances not on the priority list but regulated in the 'daughter directives' of Directive 76/464/EEC (on pollution caused by certain dangerous substances discharged into the aquatic environment of the Community) in water, sediment and biota, as required by Articles 16(7) and 16(10) of the Water Framework Directive. - Elaboration of proposals for quality standards for the priority substances of the Water Framework Directive and recommended values for other substances of concern (see footnote 1) with regard to surface water, sediment, biota, and human health as objectives of protection. Conclusions: The elaboration of quality standards with the developed methodological framework clearly showed that the proposed approach is applicable for the derivation of specific quality standards addressing the particular objectives of protection as well as for the identification of the overall quality standard that finally may be imposed to safeguard the entire set of objectives of protection. Also, with regard to the effort required to work with the concept, it can be considered as economic. This is attributable to the fact that despite the comprehensive consideration of all relevant routes of exposure and objectives of protection the different quality standards for the specific objectives are normally only derived if certain pre-defined trigger values are exceeded. This avoids the assessment of irrelevant exposure routes and the calculation of unnecessary standards. Problems encountered during the elaboration of the standards were in general not attributable to the suggested methodological framework but mostly to the limited availability of data or to the limitations of the available data.
Diese Verordnung gilt für Geräte und Maschinen, die nach Artikel 2 der Richtlinie 2000/14/EG des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 8. Mai 2000 zur Angleichung der Rechtsvorschriften der Mitgliedstaaten über umweltbelastende Geräuschemissionen von zur Verwendung im Freien vorgesehenen Geräten und Maschinen (ABl. EG Nummer L 162 Seite 1, Nummer L 311 Seite 50), die durch die Richtlinie 2005/88/EG des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 14. Dezember 2005 (ABl. EU Nummer L 344 Seite 44) geändert worden ist, in den Anwendungsbereich der Richtlinie fallen; sie sind im Anhang dieser Verordnung aufgelistet. Geräte- und Maschinenlärm
Technical scenario: Olive production is a significant economic sector in southern Member States, especially in Spain, Italy, Greece and Portugal. However, the extraction process involved in olive oil production generates non biodegradable phytotoxic waste, and is therefore a significant source of pollution. Despite the introduction in the 90s of improved separation systems such as 2-phase centrifugation system, that reduce both water use and the quantities of liquid residues produced, the problems of waste toxicity, high energy consumption and the disposal of final residues remain. Olive oil production gives a final waste consisting in a solid and very humid by-product called alperujo (AL) or Olive wet cake. The problem of AL disposal has not been fully resolved and research into new technological procedures that permit its profitable use is needed. In addition, these wastes also contain valuable resources such as phenolic compounds, (approximately 53Prozent in olive oil mill waste waters), characterised by different biological activity properties which could be of interest in industry (i.e. their strong antioxidant activity). Current extraction of these compounds is not available from olive oil waste water, since technology is not fully developed and optimised to get large scale prototyping such as Pilot plant stage. Proposed solution: We propose a method focused on both treatment of olive waste waters with by anaerobic digestion transforming biomass into biogas, basically Methane, and extraction from liquid fraction of valuable products, such as polyphenols. vSynergy between these technologies will allow overcome technical barriers such as polyphenol inactivation of the digestion process, making more efficient the process and letting a higher purity of the waste water product.
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