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Ecosystem Engineering: Sediment entrainment and flocculation mediated by microbial produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)

Sediment erosion and transport is critical to the ecological and commercial health of aquatic habitats from watershed to sea. There is now a consensus that microorganisms inhabiting the system mediate the erosive response of natural sediments ('ecosystem engineers') along with physicochemical properties. The biological mechanism is through secretion of a microbial organic glue (EPS: extracellular polymeric substances) that enhances binding forces between sediment grains to impact sediment stability and post-entrainment flocculation. The proposed work will elucidate the functional capability of heterotrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microalgae for mediating freshwater sediments to influence sediment erosion and transport. The potential and relevance of natural biofilms to provide this important 'ecosystem service' will be investigated for different niches in a freshwater habitat. Thereby, variations of the EPS 'quality' and 'quantity' to influence cohesion within sediments and flocs will be related to shifts in biofilm composition, sediment characteristics (e.g. organic background) and varying abiotic conditions (e.g. light, hydrodynamic regime) in the water body. Thus, the proposed interdisciplinary work will contribute to a conceptual understanding of microbial sediment engineering that represents an important ecosystem function in freshwater habitats. The research has wide implications for the water framework directive and sediment management strategies.

Carbonate chemistry speciation of the 2023 KOSMOS Helgoland experiment on the effects of ocean alkalinity enhancement on pelagic foodwebs

This dataset contains carbonate chemistry speciation data of the 2023 KOSMOS mesocosm study on Helgoland, Germany. This study tested the effects of ocean alkalinity enhancement simulating lime additions on pelagic ecosystem functioning during a spring bloom. Carbonate chemistry speciation (fCO2, pHT, calcium carbonate saturation state) was generally calculated from measurements of total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in depth-integrated water samples. There were 12 mesocosms in total and in 6 of them an alkalinity gradient of up to +1250 umol/kg was established in steps of 250 umol/kg. In the remaining 6 the same amount of alkalinity was added only to the upper portion of the mesocosms, resulting in twice the alkalinity increase there, before being mixed in after 48 hours. The two treatments simulated the immediate dilution of TA after ship deployment as well as a delayed one from a point source.

Nationalpark Schleswig-Holsteinisches Wattenmeer - Schutzzonen 1 und 2 des Nationalparks (Zonierung, LKN.SH - NPV)

Mit diesem Datensatz wird die Zonierung des Nationalparks „Schleswig-Holsteinisches Wattenmeer“ bereitgestellt. Der Nationalpark wurde 1985 gegründet und 1999 erweitert. Er dient dem Schutz und der natürlichen Entwicklung des schleswig-holsteinischen Wattenmeeres und der Bewahrung seiner besonderen Eigenart. Die Gesamtheit der Natur in ihrer natürlichen Entwicklung mit allen Pflanzen, Tieren und Ökosystemen besitzt einen zu schützenden Eigenwert (§ 2 Abs. 1 Nationalparkgesetz). Um einen möglichst ungestörten Ablauf der Naturvorgänge zu gewährleisten wurde der Nationalpark in zwei Schutzzonen eingeteilt (Schutzzone 1 und Schutzzone 2), die mit verschiedenen Schutzbestimmungen versehen sind. Schutzzone 1 darf u.a. nicht betreten werden und beinhaltet ein nutzungsfreies Gebiet zwischen Sylt und Föhr. Schutzzone 2 darf eingeschränkt genutzt werden. Die Einteilung des Nationalparks in diese zwei Schutzzonen wird durch § 4 des Nationalparkgesetzes geregelt (Gesetz zum Schutz des schleswig-holsteinischen Wattenmeeres (Nationalparkgesetz – NPG vom 17. Dezember 1999 zuletzt geändert mit Verordnung vom 16.1.2019 (GVOBl. Schl.-H. S. 30)). Die dynamische Anpassung der Schutzzonen in den Kartendarstellungen ist aufgrund der sog. Schutzzonen-Verordnung möglich (Schutzzonenverordnung Nationalpark Schleswig-Holsteinisches Wattenmeer – SchutzzonenVO vom 4. Dezember 2017 (GVOBl. Schl.-H. v. 21.12.2017, S. 556)). Download der Gesetzestexte s. unten. Für eine Darstellung des Nationalpark-Gebietes ohne die Differenzierung nach Schutzzonen wird ein weiterer Datensatz mit der Lage der Außengrenzen zur Verfügung gestellt: Nationalpark Schleswig-Holsteinisches Wattenmeer Außengrenzen des Nationalparks (LKN.SH - NPV) Objekt-ID: CF2A1A52-EC3B-4837-91E3-DDC6A8CD84FA. Alle hier erwähnten Daten zum Nationalpark sind Auszüge aus einem Gesamtdatensatz: Rechtliche Gliederung des Nationalparks mit den angrenzenden Gebieten, Stand 12/2017 Kr. 11/2019 (Objekt-ID:5f2aeb4f-a5ec-4a0d-8a11-9f90fe4c7bee).

Nationalpark Schleswig-Holsteinisches Wattenmeer - Außengrenze des Nationalparks (LKN.SH - NPV)

Mit diesem Datensatz wird das Gebiet des Nationalparks „Schleswig-Holsteinisches Wattenmeer“ mit seiner Außengrenze bereitgestellt, ohne dabei die Lage der Schutzzonen 1 und 2 wiederzugeben. Der Verlauf der Nationalparkgrenze wird durch § 3 des Nationalparkgesetzes geregelt (Gesetz zum Schutz des schleswig-holsteinischen Wattenmeeres (Nationalparkgesetz – NPG vom 17. Dezember 1999; Gesetz- und Verordnungsblatt für Schleswig-Holstein S. 518), zuletzt geändert durch Art. 19 LVO v. 16.01.2019, GVOBl. S. 30 . Der Nationalpark wurde 1985 gegründet und 1999 erweitert. Er dient dem Schutz und der natürlichen Entwicklung des schleswig-holsteinischen Wattenmeeres und der Bewahrung seiner besonderen Eigenart. Die Gesamtheit der Natur in ihrer natürlichen Entwicklung mit allen Pflanzen, Tieren und Ökosystemen besitzt einen zu schützenden Eigenwert (§ 2 Abs. 1 Nationalparkgesetz). Um einen möglichst ungestörten Ablauf der Naturvorgänge zu gewährleisten wurde der Nationalpark in zwei Schutzzonen eingeteilt (Schutzzone 1 und Schutzzone 2), die mit verschiedenen Schutzbestimmungen versehen sind (Details zu den Schutzzonen siehe Objekt-ID: ED41FE5D-B260-4DE7-839E-21803829F5EA). Alle hier erwähnten Daten zum Nationalpark sind Auszüge aus: Rechtliche Gliederung des Nationalparks mit den angrenzenden Gebieten, Stand 12/2017 Kr. 11/2019 (Objekt-ID:5f2aeb4f-a5ec-4a0d-8a11-9f90fe4c7bee)

ADCP current measurements (1200 kHz) during RV SENCKENBERG cruise SE202208-2

Ocean velocities were collected by a Teledyne RDI 1200 kHz Workhorse Sentinel II ADCP that was mounted on RV SENCKENBERG during RV SENCKENBERG cruise SE202208-2. The transducer was located at 1.5 m below the water line. The instrument was operated in single-ping, broadband mode with bin size of 0.25 m and a blanking distance of 0.25 m. The velocity of the ship was calculated from position fixes obtained by the Global Positioning System (GPS) received at a Trimble SPS461 Modular GPS Heading Receiver. Heading was obtained both from the Trimble receiver and the internal ADCP gyro. Heading as well as pitch and roll data from ADCP's internal gyrocompass and the navigation data were used by the data acquisition software ViSea DAS (AquaVision®) internally to convert ADCP velocities into earth coordinates. Accuracy of the ADCP velocities mainly depends on the quality of the position fixes as well as Trimble receiver and internal ADCP heading data. Further errors stem from a misalignment of the transducer with RV SENCKENBERG's centerline.

Floods Reference Spatial Datasets reported under Floods Directive - version 3.0, Mar. 2025

The Floods Directive (FD) was adopted in 2007 (https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32007L0060). The purpose of the FD is to establish a framework for the assessment and management of flood risks, aiming at the reduction of the adverse consequences for human health, the environment, cultural heritage and economic activity associated with floods in the European Union. ‘Flood’ means the temporary covering by water of land not normally covered by water. This shall include floods from rivers, mountain torrents, Mediterranean ephemeral water courses, and floods from the sea in coastal areas, and may exclude floods from sewerage systems. This reference spatial dataset, reported under the Floods Directive, includes the areas of potential significant flood risk (APSFR), as they were lastly reported by the Member States to the European Commission, and the Units of Management (UoM).

Multibeam bathymetry processed data (Atlas Hydrosweep DS 2 echo sounder entire dataset) of RV POLARSTERN during cruise ANT-XXIII/8 (PS69), Southern Ocean

Multibeam data were collected during RV Polarstern cruise ANT-XXIII/8 (2006-11-23 to 2007-01-30). Multibeam sonar system was Atlas Hydrographic Hydrosweep DS 2 multibeam echo sounder. Data are processed with Caris HIPS, including sound velocity correction with SV data from CTDs and World Ocean Atlas 18 (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/NCEI-WOA18), tidal correction with TPXO9_atlas_v5 (https://www.tpxo.net), and manual cleaning. The soundings are combined in daily files, the format is XYZ ASCII (<Lon> <Lat> <Depth in meters, positive up, relative to mean sea level>). Additional grids have been computed with depth dependent cell size to visualize the data. These grids are not meant for scientific analysis or navigation, but for overview purposes only.

Multibeam bathymetry processed data (Atlas Hydrosweep DS 3 echo sounder entire dataset) of RV POLARSTERN during cruise PS116, Atlantic Ocean

Multibeam data were collected during RV Polarstern cruise PS116 (2018-11-11 to 2018-12-11). Multibeam sonar system was Atlas Hydrographic Hydrosweep DS 3 multibeam echo sounder. Data are processed with Caris HIPS, including sound velocity correction with SV data from SVPs, UCTDs and World Ocean Atlas 13 (https://doi.org/10.7289/v5f769gt), tidal correction with TPXO9_atlas_v5 (https://www.tpxo.net), and manual cleaning. The soundings are combined in daily files, the format is XYZ ASCII (<Lon> <Lat> <Depth in meters, positive up, relative to mean sea level>). Additional blockmedian grids have been computed with depth dependent cell size to visualize the data. These grids are not meant for scientific analysis or navigation, but for overview purposes only.

Multibeam bathymetry processed data (Atlas Hydrosweep DS 2 echo sounder entire dataset) of RV POLARSTERN during cruise ANT-XIX/1 (PS61), Atlantic Ocean

Multibeam data were collected during RV Polarstern cruise ANT-XIX/1 (2001-11-08 to 2001-11-30). Multibeam sonar system was Atlas Hydrographic Hydrosweep DS 2 multibeam echo sounder. Data are processed with Caris HIPS, including sound velocity correction by cross fan calibration, tidal correction with TPXO9_atlas_v5 (https://www.tpxo.net), and manual cleaning. The soundings are combined in daily files, the format is XYZ ASCII (<Lon> <Lat> <Depth in meters, positive up, relative to mean sea level>). Additional grids have been computed with depth dependent cell size to visualize the data. These grids are not meant for scientific analysis or navigation, but for overview purposes only.

Total carbohydrates quantified in sediment cores from coastal vegetated ecosystems

50-cm deep sediment cores were taken in saltmarsh, seagrass, mangroves and unvegetated areas around the German Bight, Malaysia and Columbia in 2022 and 2023. Up to 3 points per ecosystem were sampled along a transect, in total 93 cores were analysed. Carbohydrates were sequentially extracted using MilliQ-water and 0.3 M EDTA for later analyses. The total carbohydrate content was assessed using the phenol-sulfuric acid assay (Dubois et al., 1956). Briefly, 100 µL of resuspended samples or extracts were mixed with 100 µL of 5% phenol solution, followed by the addition of 500 µL of concentrated sulfuric acid. The reaction mixture was incubated at room temperature for 10 minutes, then further incubated at 30°C for 20 minutes. Absorbance at 490 nm was measured using a Spectramax Id3 plate reader (Molecular Devices) and quantified against a glucose standard curve.

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